Chronology of the Internet

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Internet growth interpreted based on the number of available hosts . The ordinate of the diagram has been scaled logarithmically because of the strong increase .

This article lists major internet events in chronological order. The article History of the Internet gives a version in text form .

chronology

year Hosts
1981 200
1983 500
1985 2,000
1990 313,000
1995 6,600,000
2000 93,000,000
2003 172,000,000
2004 234,000,000
2005 318,000,000
2006 439,000,000
2007 490,000,000
2008 542,000,000
2009 680,000,000
2010 770,000,000
2011 850,000,000
Number of computers (rounded)
on the Internet
  • 1957 - The USSR launches the world's first satellite - Sputnik - into space. In response, the US Department of Defense is establishing the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) - a scientific institute charged with creating the conditions for regaining leadership in science and technology.
  • from 1960 - As a result of the findings, the military was the first to have networked data centers. The Rand Corporation recognized the vulnerability of the system it had invented: If a central node were destroyed, the entire network would be paralyzed.
  • 1965 - The universities are also looking for ways to transform the ever greater knowledge from the linear into a more intelligent form. The modern variant of the networking principle was first described by Vannevar Bush in 1945 . In 1965, the social scientist Ted Nelson coined the technical term hypertext for the electronic version of the principle as part of the Xanadu project .
  • 1969 - The Network Working Group is founded and creates the first protocol descriptions ; the first four nodes of the arpanet go into operation.
  • 1971 - The Arpanet has 15 knots. Telnet and FTP are being developed.
  • 1971 - The French project CYCLADES is created in response to the Arpanet.
  • 1972 - Ray Tomlinson develops the first e-mail program .
  • 1973 - The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) based on the findings of the CYCLADES project is published.
  • 1974 - The term Internet is used for the first time in a specification of the TCP. The CYCLADES network is operational.
  • 1976 - UUCP is developed to be able to transfer files between computers, especially between those with the Unix operating system .
  • 1977 - The Arpanet has 111 knots.
  • 1977 - The TCP is split into the TCP and the Internet Protocol (IP).
  • 1978 - The CYCLADES project is discontinued for political reasons.
  • 1978 - The first mailbox is created with the CBBS .
  • 1979 - Usenet is created from the networking of two Unix computers from the University of North Carolina and Duke University, data is transmitted via UUCP over normal telephone lines, an "offline version" of the Arpanet, so to speak.
  • 1982 - The later EUnet project of the IT-Computer Operating Group (IRB) (Department of IT, University of Dortmund ) under the direction of Rudolf Peter offers the first network services in Germany.
  • 1982 - After CBBS in 1982, Randy Suess founded wlcrjs (later Chinet ), the first publicly accessible Unix mailbox that exchanged mail and Usenet via UUCP for the first time outside of the scientific network.
  • 1983, January 1st - TCP / IP replaces the Network Control Protocol (NCP).
  • 1983 - The Arpanet has 400 connected computers.
  • 1984 - The Domain Name System (DNS) is developed. The Arpanet has 1,000 connected computers.
  • 1984, August 3 - The first German e-mail is received at the University of Karlsruhe . The Domain Name System (DNS) is implemented in the same year.
  • 1985 - MausNet and FidoNet form the first mailbox networks that exchange data with each other at 300 baud .
  • 1985, January 1st - nordu.net is registered as the first domain in the world .
  • 1986 - So far, different networks cannot communicate with each other. The NSF Net Internet backbone is the solution .
  • 1986, November - Delegated by the IANA , DE-NIC is set up as an administrative organization as part of the EUNet project of the IT computer operating group in the IT department of the University of Dortmund. The first .de domains are dbp.de , rmi.de , telenet.de , uka.de , uni-dortmund.de and uni-paderborn.de .
  • 1987 - 27,000 computers are networked.
  • 1989, March - Tim Berners-Lee writes the first version of his paper Information Management: A Proposal , a draft for the development of the World Wide Web .
  • 1989, beginning - The first German Internet connections are put into operation (EUnet project, Dr. Rudolf Peter, University of Dortmund; Xlink working group , Prof. Werner Zorn , University of Karlsruhe).
  • 1990 - The Internet is released for commercial use and therefore becomes accessible outside the American armed forces and universities.
  • 1990, March 1st - The first post-approved 2400 baud modems that work with duplex are presented at CeBit in Hanover.
  • 1990 - The military Arpanet is decommissioned.
  • 1990 - Students at the University of Montreal use Archie to design and program a search engine for indexing FTP archives.
  • 1990, November - Tim Berners-Lee and Robert Cailliau publish the concept for a worldwide hypertext project.
  • 1991 - At the University of Minnesota, another service, Gopher, is developed to simplify FTP applications.
  • 1991 - The WWW is used within the European Nuclear Research Laboratory CERN .
  • 1992, December - The former research project EUnet, network pioneer in Germany, is privatized. With EUnet Deutschland GmbH under the slogan Connecting Europe since 1982, Germany's first commercial Internet provider is created in Dortmund. EUnet is later sold to UUNET .
  • 1992 December - From the NCSA is Mosaic - browser developed.
  • 1993 - WWW software is also used outside of CERN and gradually replaces the established Archie and Gopher services.
  • 1993 - One year after EUnet, Xlink is also privatized. This creates the second Internet provider in Germany.
  • 1993, May - The IT computer operating group (IRB) of the University of Dortmund sets up one of the first public web servers in Germany with its website . At that time there are fewer than 15 web servers across Germany.
  • 1993, August - The DENIC interest group is founded as the central registrar for .de domains.
  • 1993, September - A period called Eternal September begins when AOL provides its customers with access to Usenet. The content of Usenet, Arpanet and AOL's own services are increasingly linked. Due to the massive influx of new users, netiquette is attracting less and less attention.
  • 1993, October - There are around 500 web servers worldwide.
  • 1994 - The number of commercial users of the Internet exceeds that of scientific users for the first time. There are around three million Internet computers.
  • 1995 - Due to the shortage of IP addresses , work on the IPv6 protocol begins.
  • 1997 - The Abilene project for an Internet2 is started.
  • 1997 - There are around six million computers connected to the Internet.
  • 1998, October - The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) is founded.
  • 1999, October - The one millionth .de domain is registered.
  • 2001, January 15th - The free online encyclopedia Wikipedia is founded.
  • 2004, March 1st - The registration of internationalized domain names under the top-level domains .de, .at and .ch is permitted.
  • 2005, February 14th - YouTube is founded.
  • 2005, April 23rd - First YouTube video is released.
  • 2005, April 29th - The top-level domain .eu is entered in the DNS root zone after more than five years of discussion .
  • 2007, May - The spam rate for emails reaches 90 percent.
  • 2008, November - The NASA successfully tests an adapted for space conditions Internet protocol that later as the basis for an interplanetary Internet (English interplanetary Internet ) is intended, via the example space stations and spaceships can communicate.
  • 2010, January - A computer is connected to the Internet in space for the first time.
  • 2010, February - The spam rate for emails has risen to 95 percent.
  • 2010, July 15 - The trust anchor of the previously signed DNS root zone is published. This means that DNS can be validated with DNSSEC from the root zone.
  • 2011, April 15 - The Asia-Pacific Regional Internet Registry APNIC can no longer meet the demand for IPv4 addresses in this region.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ www.isc.org: Number of computers on the Internet ( memento of the original from May 18, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (English)  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.isc.org
  2. ↑ RFC 675: Specification of Internet Transmission Control Program
  3. ↑ IT-Computer Operations Group ( Memento of the original from April 1, 2001 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / irb-www.cs.uni-dortmund.de
  4. ↑ IRB website on the DENIC project.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / irb-www.cs.uni-dortmund.de  
  5. ↑ Sabine Dolderer: An Internet Domain for Germany. ( Memento of the original from July 8, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.roots-of-the-net.de
  6. ^ Tim Berners-Lee: Information Management: A Proposal.
  7. ^ A Little History of the World Wide Web
  8. ↑ a b netplan.org: The Internet in Germany
  9. ↑ HRZ Uni Dortmund: EUnet privatized, December 1992 ( Memento from May 25, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  10. ↑ heise.de: EUnet becomes UUnet, September 3, 1997
  11. ↑ Heise.de: E-Mails: 90 percent are spam, May 13, 2007
  12. ↑ NASA tests the Internet in space. Data transfer into space via interruption-tolerant protocol. golem.de, November 19, 2008, accessed May 5, 2012 .
  13. ↑ Dominik Erlinger: First node for interplanetary Internet in operation. (No longer available online.) July 9, 2009, archived from the original on June 5, 2013 ; Retrieved May 5, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.pressetext4joomla.com
  14. ↑ NASA is testing interplanetary internet. heise, November 19, 2008, accessed May 5, 2012 .
  15. ↑ Space Internet with on-board resources. heise, January 25, 2010, accessed May 5, 2012 .
  16. ↑ crn.de: Bitkom study: Most e-mails are spam, February 25, 2010
  17. ↑ http://www.root-dnssec.org/
  18. ↑ http://www.potaroo.net/tools/ipv4/ IPv4 Address Report