Chrysoclista linneella

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Chrysoclista linneella
Chrysoclista linneella Illustration from John Curtis British Entomology

Chrysoclista linneella
Illustration from John Curtis British Entomology

Systematics
Class : Insects (Insecta)
Order : Butterflies (Lepidoptera)
Family : Grass miners (Elachistidae)
Subfamily : Parametriotinae
Genre : Chrysoclista
Type : Chrysoclista linneella
Scientific name
Chrysoclista linneella
( Clerck , 1759)

Chrysoclista linneella is a butterfly ( moth ) fromthe grass leafminer family (Elachistidae).

features

The moths reach a wingspan of 10 to 13 millimeters. The head is dark brown. The antennae have a dark gray-brown sheen, and there are around 10 white segments at the tip. Thorax and tegulae shine gray-brown. The front wings are outlined in light orange and broadly black-brown. The border is the narrowest on the Costa loader. The wing drawing consists of three round, warty, silvery shiny spots. The first spot has a clump of protruding, black-brown scales and is located at 1/3 of the inner margin of the forewing. The second is just before half the Costa loader length, the third at 2/3 the length of the wing inner edge. A silvery line is in the base of the wing, another is opposite the outer dorsal spot on the costalader. The fringed scales are gray-brown. The hind wings are brownish gray and have a bronze-colored sheen. In some specimens, the basic orange color of the forewings can be partially or completely darkened. In the females, the silvery spots and lines on the front wings are larger.

In the males, the gnathos arms are very short, rounded and strongly serrated. The tegumen is longer than it is wide. The blades are trimmed and slightly widened distally . The anellus lobes are greatly dilated distally and have a subapical semicircular indentation on the inside; the apex is toothed. The aedeagus is strongly curved and has a fork-shaped tip. The cut blades and the shape of the anellus lobes are characteristic of the species.

In the females, the apophyses posteriores are about twice as long as the apophyses anteriores. The eighth tergite is sclerotized and laterally concave . The genital plate has a triangular sclerotization. The antrum is fairly wide and has a rectangular, slightly sclerotized extension. The ductus bursae is narrow and gradually widens to the corpus bursae. It is less than 1.5 times as long as the corpus bursae. The corpus bursae is oval and distally widened.

distribution

Chrysoclista linneella is widespread in Europe. In the north the distribution area extends to the south of Fennos Scandinavia . Evidence from Asia Minor is considered unsafe. In North America , the species was introduced in the first half of the 20th century. In the United States , the butterflies were found in New York in 1928 . The species has since expanded and is now native to New York State , New Jersey , near Boston , Massachusetts , Connecticut, and Vermont . For Canada only evidence from lie Ontario and Nova Scotia before.

biology

The caterpillars develop on winter lime ( Tilia cordata ) and Dutch lime ( Tilia europaea ). Older records of beeches ( Fagus ) and apple trees ( Malus ) require confirmation. The caterpillars live in feeding tunnels and round chambers under the bark of tree trunks from August to May. The infestation can be recognized by the light brown caterpillar droppings that appear in cracks in the bark. Preference is given to old trees and those that have been weakened by annual pruning. The caterpillars pupate within the feeding tunnels, but adult caterpillars have also been found on dried leaves, which suggests that they also leave the feeding tunnels to pupate. The species forms one generation per year, the moths fly from late May to August. They rest on the bark of the host plants or run around. Butterflies can only very rarely be observed in natural habitats. On the other hand, they are often found in large numbers in cities with linden avenues.

Systematics

The species of the genus Chrysoclista were often assigned to the genus Glyphipterix Huebner . The name linneella was often misspelled: lineella , linnaeella , linnaeanella . The following synonyms are known from the literature:

  • Phalaena linneella Clerck , 1759
  • Elachista gemmatella Costa , [1836]
  • Elachista linnaeella Zeller , 1839
  • Oecophora schaefferella Duponchel , in Godart , [1839]
  • Lita linne ella var. Obscuri-linne ella Bruand , 1859

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d J. C. Koster, S. Yu. Sinev: Momphidae, Batrachedridae, Stathmopodidae, Agonoxenidae, Cosmopterigidae, Chrysopeleiidae . In: P. Huemer, O. Karsholt, L. Lyneborg (eds.): Microlepidoptera of Europe . 1st edition. tape 5 . Apollo Books, Stenstrup 2003, ISBN 87-88757-66-8 , pp. 85 (English).
  2. ↑ Chrysoclista linneella in Fauna Europaea. Retrieved September 26, 2011
  3. ↑ a b Christopher G. Majka: The linden bark borer (Lepidoptera: Agonoxenidae) infesting European linden in Nova Scotia. The Canadian Entomologist 137: pp. 620-621 (2005)
  4. ↑ Karl Traugott Schütze: The biology of the small butterflies with special consideration of their nutrient plants and times of appearance. Handbook of Microlepidoptera. Caterpillar calendar arranged according to the illustrated German Flora by H. Wagner. Frankfurt am Main, publishing house of the International Entomological Association e. V., 1931, p. 210

Web links

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