Cimburgis of Mazovia
Cimburgis ( Cymburgis , Cimburga , "Zimburg" or Cymbarka of Masovia ; * 1394 or 1397 in Warsaw , Duchy of Masovia ; † September 28, 1429 in Türnitz , Lower Austria ) was a Polish princess from the Piast dynasty and by marriage an (arch- ) Duchess of Austria . She is the mother of Emperor Friedrich III. and thus one of the ancestral mothers of all later Habsburgs .
Origin and family
Cimburgis was the daughter of Duke Siemowit of Mazovia and Alexandra of Lithuania . Her mother Alexandra was the sister of the Polish king Władysław II Jagiełło and maternal granddaughter of the Grand Duke of the Grand Duchy of Vladimir-Suzdal , Alexander Michailowitsch . Her brother Alexander was Prince-Bishop of Trento from 1424 to 1444 .
Marriage and offspring
Cimburgis was married to Duke Ernst I of Austria from the Styrian - Inner-Austrian line from around 1412 .
Children:
- Friedrich III. (1415–1493), emperor
- Margaret (1416-1486); ∞ Friedrich II. , Duke and Elector of Saxony
- Albrecht VI. (1418–1463)
- Alexandra († 1420)
- Rudolf († before 1424)
- Leopold († before 1424)
- Catherine (1420-1493); ∞ Charles I Margrave of Baden
- Anna († November 11, 1429)
- Ernst (II.) († August 10, 1432)
Life
There is hardly any information on Cimburgis in the literature that has also been scientifically proven.
There are different, contradicting versions of how their marriage came about and the political aims of the marriage, which originated in the chronicles of the 15th century. While in the older research King Sigmund was ascribed an essential role in the creation, the more recent research assumes that he was not involved in the creation of the marriage and that it was originally part of an alliance system against him. Cimburgis brought some followers to their new home, who settled in Wiener Neustadt . Most of the time during their marriage, she was likely to have resided in this city, where she has been proven even after the death of her husband. She also kept in touch with her family.
After her husband had accepted the title of Archduke on March 18, 1414, she officially carried the title of Archduchess. After his death, Duke Friedrich IV of Austria took over the guardianship of their children, as agreed with his brother in this case, and thus also the rule over the inner Austrian states. The children initially stayed with Cimburgis. She died in 1429 on a pilgrimage to Mariazell in Türnitz and was buried in the Lilienfeld collegiate church.
Among the larger than life bronze statues that her grandson Emperor Maximilian I had cast for his tomb in the Innsbruck Court Church is a statue of her.
Legends
It is believed that she originated the famous Habsburg lip , which was a prominent feature of the dynasty up to the 18th century and is still to be found today, although not so prominently, in later descendants such as the former King Juan Carlos I of Spain . In her time, she is said to have been famous for her exceptional physical strength: She is said to have pulled iron nails out of the wall with her bare hands and lifted hay powder.
About their marriage, Johann Jakob Fugger (1516–1575) passed on a legend in his mirror of honor of the House of Austria (1555/1559) about a bridal journey during which Cimburgis met her future husband Ernst for the first time on a hunt and he met her life saves. In the Belvedere Museum there is a history painting by Franz Dobiaschofsky from 1850, in which this legend is depicted.
Fiction
- Josephine von Kviatovska: Hedwiga and Cimburgis or the strong women . A historical novel from the 14th century. Vienna: Mausberger 1820
literature
- Constantin von Wurzbach : Habsburg, Cimburgis von Masovien . In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 6th part. Imperial-Royal Court and State Printing Office, Vienna 1860, p. 158 f. ( Digitized version ).
- Franz von Krones : Ernst the Iron . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 6, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1877, pp. 294-297. (Sideline)
- Monika Schellmann: On the story of Duke Ernst the Iron (1386 / 1402-1424) . Dissertation (unprinted), University of Vienna, 1966, especially p. 243f.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Monika Schellmann: On the story of Duke Ernst the Iron (1386 / 1402-1424) , p. 246
- ↑ Monika Schellmann: On the story of Duke Ernst the Iron (1386 / 1402-1424) , p. 246
- ↑ Monika Schellmann: On the story of Duke Ernst des Eisernen (1386 / 1402-1424) , pp. 105-108
- ↑ Monika Schellmann: On the story of Duke Ernst the Iron (1386 / 1402-1424) , p. 243
- ↑ Konstantin Moritz A. Langmaier: Archduke Albrecht VI. von Österreich (1418–1463) , 2013, p. 24
- ↑ Monika Schellmann: On the story of Duke Ernst the Iron (1386 / 1402-1424) , p. 243
- ↑ Konstantin Moritz A. Langmaier: Archduke Albrecht VI. von Österreich (1418–1463) , 2013, p. 24
- ↑ Monika Schellmann: On the story of Duke Ernst the Iron (1386 / 1402-1424) , p. 244
- ↑ cf. Monika Schellmann: On the history of Duke Ernst the Iron (1386 / 1402-1424) , p. 243. According to Schellmann, however, their role in the origin of the Habsburg lip is not really proven.
- ↑ cf. Painting: Duke Ernst the Iron Rescues Cimburgis of Mazovia. Retrieved July 5, 2018 .
personal data | |
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SURNAME | Cimburgis of Mazovia |
ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Cymburgis; Cimburga; Cymbarka |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Duchess of Austria; Ancestral mother of all later Habsburgs |
DATE OF BIRTH | 1394 or 1397 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | Warsaw , Duchy of Mazovia |
DATE OF DEATH | September 28, 1429 |
Place of death | Türnitz , Lower Austria |