Colubrina asiatica
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Colubrina asiatica |
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| ( L. ) Brongn. |
Colubrina asiatica is a kind from the family of the cross thorn plants (Rhamnaceae). A distinction is made between two varieties. One variety grows on coastal strips in almost all tropical coastal areas of the Old and New World, the other in the highlands in several areas of Asia.
description
Colubrina asiatica forms evergreen, climbing or prostrate, woody lianas or climbing shrubs, more rarely trees up to 10 meters high. The branches are thin and often bent back and forth. The internodes are 5 to 50 millimeters long. The leaves are alternate. The leaf blade is ovate, 3 to 10 inches long and 1.5 to 6.3 inches wide. The leaf base is broadly rounded to slightly heart-shaped. The upper end of the leaf is pointed. The leaf margin is serrated or notched and has 15 to 34 teeth on each side, each with a small, dark gland. The top of the leaf is bare. The petiole is 7 to 17 millimeters long and about 0.5 millimeters thick. The stipules are triangular and about 1 millimeter long.
The inflorescences are little-flowered, 5 to 10 millimeter long thyrsen on 2 to 4 millimeter long stems. The flower stalks are thin and 1 to 2 millimeters long. Until the fruit is ripe, they extend to 5 to 15, sometimes up to 20 millimeters. The flowers are five-fold. The fruit cup is 2 millimeters wide and initially a bit silky hair. The sepals are triangular and keeled on top. The petals are obovate and about as long as the stamens . The discus is meaty. The stylus is deeply divided into three parts. The stamens mature in front of the ovary ( proterandry ). The fruits are round and 7 to 8 millimeters long. The seeds are 4.5 to 6 millimeters long and about 4.5 millimeters wide.
distribution
The natural range of the species is in Africa in Kenya , Mozambique , on Madagascar and the Seychelles ; in Asia in China, Taiwan, India, Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam; in Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea and the Philippines, Australia, Hawaii , Fiji , New Caledonia , the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu , Martinique, Jamaica, Cuba and the Florida Keys .
Despite the large distribution area, the differences between the representatives are relatively small. This is because the seeds float on water and can survive for several months in seawater. In addition, human spread probably also plays a role. The representatives in America were discovered late, the first documented finds date from around 1860.
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Systematics and research history
Colubrina asiatica is a kind of the genus Colubrina in the family of Buckthorn family (Rhamnaceae). Linnaeus has the kind in 1753 in his Species Plantarum as Ceanothus asiaticus ( Basionym ) first described . It was assigned to the newly created genus Colubrina by Adolphe Théodore Brongniart in 1827 . The generic name Colubrina comes from Latin and means "serpentine", it refers to the similarity of the shoots or the stamens with snakes. Further synonyms are Ceanothus capsularis G.Forst. , Colubrina capsularis G. Forst. , Pomaderris capsularis (G. Forst.) G. Don , Rhamnus acuminata Colebr. ex Roxb. , Rhamnus asiatica (L.) Lam. ex Poir. , Rhamnus splendens flower , Sageretia splendens (flower) G. Don and Tubanthera katapa Raf.
There are three varieties :
- Colubrina asiatica var. Asiatica : Young internodes show only a sparse, upward, golden and silky hair. The leaf blades are 1.3 to 2 times as long as they are wide, the leaf base is broadly rounded and the underside of the leaf is golden and silky hairy. The leaf margin is sawn. The seeds are 4.5 to 5 millimeters long. The representatives of the variety grow exclusively near the coast in the entire range described above.
- Colubrina asiatica var. Pubescens (short) MCJohnst.
- Colubrina asiatica var. Subpubescens (Pit.) MCJohnst. : Young internodes are rather thickly tomentose. The leaf blade is usually 2 to 2.5 times as long as it is wide and the leaf base is narrowly rounded. At least young leaves are tomentose on the underside. The leaf margin is notched. The seeds are 5 to 6 millimeters long. The distribution area of the variety is in Burma, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam in China in Yunnan and on Java . There it usually grows in the highlands at some distance from the coast. The variety is also considered a separate species Colubrina javanica Miquel due to the different habitat and the differences in hairiness , for example in the Flora of China .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d MC Johnston: Revision of Colubrina (Rhamnaceae). Pp. 46, 47.
- ↑ a b Yilin Chen, Carsten Schirarend: Colubrina asiatica In: Flora of China. Volume 12, p. 167.
- ↑ a b Yilin Chen, Carsten Schirarend: Colubrina javanica IN: Flora of China. Volume 12, p. 167.
- ^ A b Colubrina asiatica in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
- ↑ a b c d MC Johnston: Revision of Colubrina (Rhamnaceae). Pp. 48, 49.
- ^ Ceanothus asiaticus. In: The International Plant Name Index. Retrieved December 7, 2014 .
- ^ Colubrina asiatica. In: The International Plant Name Index. Retrieved December 6, 2014 .
- ↑ Umberto Quattrocchi: CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names . 1: A-C. CRC Press, 2000, ISBN 978-0-8493-2675-2 , pp. 588 ( online on Google [accessed December 6, 2014]).
- ^ Colubrina asiatica. In: The Plant List. Retrieved December 6, 2014 .
literature
- Marshall C. Johnston: Revision of Colubrina (Rhamnaceae) . In: Brittonia . tape 23 , no. 1 . New York Botanical Garden Press, 1971, pp. 2-53 , JSTOR : 2805841 .
- Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . Volume 12: Hippocastanaceae through Theaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2007, ISBN 978-1-930723-64-1 , pp. 167 (English).
