Fleabane Herbs (Conyza)
Professional herbs | ||||||||||||
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South American fleabane ( Conyza boranensis ) |
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Systematics | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Conyza | ||||||||||||
Less. |
The erigeron ( Conyza ) are a genus within the family of the daisy family (Asteraceae). A common German name , like the closely related genus Erigeron, is “professional herbs”. From a systematic point of view, Conyza has often been incorporated into the genus Erigeron ; to distinguish the German names Conyza is also called Katzenschweif ; The name “Feinstrahl” can also be used for Erigeron . The genus Conyza is distributed with 25 to 155 species in the temperate and warmer areas, especially the New World .
description
Vegetative characteristics
Conyza are annual to perennial herbaceous plants , rarely shrubs or small trees . The alternate leaves are usually lanceolate, with entire margins to toothed or lobed.
Generative characteristics
In umbrella-shaped or annual total inflorescences, there are rather small, cup-shaped partial inflorescences in several to very numerous groups, rarely only a single flower head is present. The bottom of the cup is flat to slightly curved and mostly bare. The involucre is bell-shaped to urn-shaped. The bracts are in two to four rows, more or less overlapping, rarely herbaceous and soon protruding far. The ray-florets are numerous, their crown very narrow. They are female and stand in several rows. Your crown is tubular to thread-shaped. The tubular flowers are hermaphroditic or functionally male.
In contrast to the genus professional herbs ( Erigeron ), the ray florets are very short and the cups are only a few millimeters in diameter. The ray flowers are mostly whitish in color, but they can also be yellowish or purple. The tubular flowers are hermaphroditic or sometimes functionally male, usually a few, tubular flowers with (four to) five lobes.
The achenes are obovate to elongated, sometimes compressed, usually hairy. The pappus consists of many fine, fragile bristles.
Differences between Conyza and Erigeron
The distinguishing features between the two genera known as occupational herbs are not always clear. Conyza usually has asymmetrical involucral leaves and two to twenty times as many feminine as hermaphrodite flowers in each head, rarely more hermaphroditic than feminine. The crown of the female flowers usually have no tongue or it is at least shorter than 1 millimeter. The genus Erigeron has approximately symmetrical involucral leaves and more hermaphroditic than female flowers. The crown of the female flowers usually has a tongue from 2 to over 10 millimeters.
Systematics and distribution
The genus Conyza was established by Christian Friedrich Lessing .
There are 25 to 155 species depending on the source. According to molecular biological studies, the genus should be classified under the genus Erigeron . Conyza himself is likely to be polyphyletic, or at least paraphyletic.
The genus Conyza is mainly tropical and subtropical, both in the Old and New World. There are about two types of neophytes in Europe : South American fleabane ( Conyza bonariensis ; frequently naturalized in the Mediterranean area, rarely also in Central Europe.) And Whitish fleabane ( Conyza sumatrensis ; frequently naturalized in the Mediterranean area, increasingly also in Central Europe.)
- Conyza abyssinica Sch.Bip. ex A.Rich.
- Conyza ageratoides DC. : It is endemic to Madagascar.
- Conyza agnewii Mesfin
- Conyza agrostophylla F.G.Davies
- Conyza alluaudii Humbert
- Conyza altoandina Cabrera
- Conyza amboinica Crantz
- Conyza andina J. Remy
- Conyza andringitrana Humbert
- Conyza androrangensis Humbert
- Conyza arabidifolia Remy
- Conyza arenosa Cronquist
- Conyza atrixioides Chiov.
- Conyza attenuata DC.
- Conyza bakeri Humbert
- Conyza bampsiana (Lisowski) Lisowski
- Conyza baumii (O.Hoffm.) Wild
- Conyza blinii H.Lév.
- Conyza boelckei Cabrera
- South American fleabane ( Conyza boranensis (S.Moore) Cufod. )
- Conyza burkartii Zardini
- Conyza burmeana Miq.
- Conyza bustillosiana J. Remy
- Conyza capillipes S.Moore
- Conyza cardaminifolia Kunth
- Conyza catharinensis Cabrera
- Conyza cayennensis Spreng.
- Conyza chionea S.Díaz & A.Correa
- Conyza clarenceana (Hook. F.) Oliv. & Here
- Conyza collina Phil.
- Conyza copiapina Phil.
- Conyza cordata Kuntze
- Conyza coronopifolia Kunth
- Conyza dentonae McVaugh
- Conyza depilis Phil.
- Conyza deserticola Phil.
- Conyza edelbergii Rech. F.
- Conyza eucoma Miq.
- Conyza fastigiata Willd.
- Conyza feae (Bég.) Wild
- Conyza filaginoides (DC.) Hieron.
- Conyza flabellata Mesfin
- Conyza foliosa Phil.
- Conyza fruticulosa O. Hoffm.
- Conyza gallianii Chiov.
- Conyza garnieri Klatt
- Conyza gayana Phil.
- Conyza glabrata Phil.
- Conyza glabrescens Pax
- Conyza glandulitecta Cabrera
- Conyza gnaphalioides Kunth
- Conyza grahamii DC.
- Conyza hirtella DC.
- Conyza hochstetteri Sch.Bip. ex A.Rich.
- Conyza hypoleuca A. Rich.
- Conyza incana (Vahl) Willd. : It occurs in Ethiopia, Yemen and Saudi Arabia.
- Conyza japonica (Thunb.) Less. ex Less.
- Conyza kahuzica Lisowski
- Conyza laevigata (Rich.) Pruski
- Conyza larrainiana J.Rémy
- Conyza lasseriana Aristeg.
- Conyza lateralis Phil.
- Conyza leucantha (D.Don) Ludlow & PHRaven
- Conyza lignescens Rusby
- Conyza limosa O. Hoffm.
- Conyza longipedunculata Klatt
- Conyza Lorentzii Griseb.
- Conyza loueirii Poir.
- Conyza macrophylla Spreng.
- Conyza magnimontana Cabrera
- Conyza mandrarensis Humbert
- Conyza maxima inches. & Mor.
- Conyza megensis F.G. Davies
- Conyza messeri Pic.Serm.
- Conyza microcephala Hemsl.
- Conyza microglossa (SFBlake) Cronquist
- Conyza mima S.F. Blake
- Conyza minutiflora Phil.
- Conyza mixta Fouc. & Neyr.
- Conyza modesta Kunth
- Conyza moelleri Phil.
- Conyza monorchis (Griseb.) Cabrera
- Conyza montigena S.Moore : It occurs in two subspecies in Tanzania, Uganda and Congo.
- Conyza muliensis Y.L.Chen
- Conyza myriocephala J. Remy
- Conyza nana Sch.Bip. ex Oliv. & Here
- Conyza neglecta R.E.Fr.
- Conyza nemoralis Phil.
- Conyza neocandolleana Humbert
- Conyza newii olive. & Here
- Conyza obscura DC.
- Conyza oligantha Cabrera
- Conyza pallidiflora R.E.Fr.
- Conyza pampeana (Parodi) Cabrera
- Conyza pannosa Webb
- Conyza pectinata (Sch.Bip.) Sch.Bip. ex Oliv. & Here
- Conyza pencana Phil.
- Conyza perennis Hand.-Mazz.
- Conyza perijaensis S.Díaz & A.Correa
- Conyza perrieri Humbert
- Conyza pinnata (L. f.) Kuntze
- Conyza pinnatifida (Thunb.) Less.
- Conyza podocephala DC.
- Conyza popayanensis (Hieron.) Pruski
- Conyza principis Gagnep.
- Conyza procumbens Balb.
- Conyza prolialba Cuatrec.
- Conyza pterocaulon Bolle
- Conyza pulsatilloides O. Hoffm.
- Conyza pusilla Houtt.
- Conyza pycnophylla Phil.
- Conyza pyrrhopappa Sch.Bip. ex A.Rich.
- Conyza ramosissima Cronquist
- Conyza reitziana Cabrera
- Conyza retirensis Cabrera
- Conyza ruderalis Phil.
- Conyza rufa Wall. ex DC.
- Conyza ruwenzoriensis (S.Moore) REFr.
- Conyza saltensis Cabrera
- Conyza sarmentosa Humbert
- Conyza scabrida DC.
- Conyza divorced ana (Less.) Cronquist
- Conyza schimperi Sch.Bip. ex A.Rich.
- Conyza sinnendalii Bolle
- Conyza semipinnatifida Wall. ex DC.
- Conyza sennii Chiov.
- Conyza serrana Cabrera
- Conyza setulosa F. Phil. ex Phil.
- Conyza spiciformis (Griseb.) Zardini
- Conyza spiculosa (Hook. & Arn.) Zardini
- Conyza spinellosa Miq.
- Conyza spinosa (Sch.Bip.) Sch.Bip. ex Oliv. & Here
- Conyza stenophylla Phil.
- Conyza steudelii Sch.Bip. ex A.Rich.
- Conyza subscaposa O. Hoffm .
- Conyza subspicata Phil.
- Conyza suffruticosa Phil.
- Whitish fleabane ( Conyza sumatrensis (SFBlake) Pruski & G.Sancho )
- Conyza tenera Phil.
- Conyza thapsoides M.Bieb.
- Conyza thermarum Phil.
- Conyza thesiifolia Kunth
- Conyza tigrensis olive. & Here
- Conyza trihecatactis (SFBlake) Cuatrec.
- Conyza tunariensis (Kuntze) Zardini
- Conyza ulmifolia (Burm. F.) Kuntze
- Conyza urticifolia (Baker) Humbert
- Conyza valdiviana Phil.
- Conyza varia (Webb) Wild
- Conyza variegata Sch.Bip. ex A.Rich.
- Conyza vernonioides (Sch.Bip. Ex A.Rich.) Wild
- Conyza viguieri Humbert
- Conyza viscida Wall. ex DC.
- Conyza welwitschii (S.Moore) Wild
For example, no longer belongs to the genus Conyza :
- Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronquist → Erigeron bonariensis L.
- Canadian fleabane ( Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist ) → Erigeron canadensis L.
- Conyza floribunda Kunth → Erigeron floribundus (Kunth) Sch. Gdp.
- Conyza ramosissima Cronquist → Erigeron divaricatus Michx.
swell
- John L. Strother: Conyza , p. 348 - text same online as printed work , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico , Volume 20: Magnoliophyta: Asteridae (in part): Asteraceae , part 2 , Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 2006. ISBN 0-19-530564-7 (Description section)
Individual evidence
- ^ Robert Zander : Zander. Concise dictionary of plant names. Edited by Walter Erhardt , Erich Götz, Nils Bödeker, Siegmund Seybold . 17th edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-8001-3573-6 .
- ↑ a b c d e f John L. Strother: Conyza , p. 348 - the same text online as the printed work , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico , Volume 20: Magnoliophyta: Asteridae (in part): Asteraceae, part 2 , Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 2006. ISBN 0-19-530564-7
- ^ Bochum Botanical Association: Contributions to the flora of North Rhine-Westphalia from 2013. Yearbook of the Bochumer Botanical Association. Vol. 5, 2014, pp. 130–163 ( PDF 6.4 MB)
- ^ A b c Conyza in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved January 16, 2019.