Cimburgis of Mazovia

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Cimburgis of Masovia, posthumous portrait by Antoni Boys , ca.1580, Kunsthistorisches Museum Vienna

Cimburgis ( Cymburgis , Cimburga , "Zimburg" or Cymbarka of Masovia ; * 1394 or 1397 in Warsaw , Duchy of Masovia ; †  September 28, 1429 in Türnitz , Lower Austria ) was a Polish princess from the Piast dynasty and by marriage an (arch- ) Duchess of Austria . She is the mother of Emperor Friedrich III. and thus one of the ancestral mothers of all later Habsburgs .

Origin and family

Cimburgis was the daughter of Duke Siemowit of Mazovia and Alexandra of Lithuania . Her mother Alexandra was the sister of the Polish king Władysław II Jagiełło and maternal granddaughter of the Grand Duke of the Grand Duchy of Vladimir-Suzdal , Alexander Michailowitsch . Her brother Alexander was Prince-Bishop of Trento from 1424 to 1444 .

Marriage and offspring

Cimburgis was married to Duke Ernst I of Austria from the Styrian - Inner-Austrian line from around 1412 .

Children:

Life

There is hardly any information on Cimburgis in the literature that has also been scientifically proven.

There are different, contradicting versions of how their marriage came about and the political aims of the marriage, which originated in the chronicles of the 15th century. While in the older research King Sigmund was ascribed an essential role in the creation, the more recent research assumes that he was not involved in the creation of the marriage and that it was originally part of an alliance system against him. Cimburgis brought some followers to their new home, who settled in Wiener Neustadt . Most of the time during their marriage, she was likely to have resided in this city, where she has been proven even after the death of her husband. She also kept in touch with her family.

After her husband had accepted the title of Archduke on March 18, 1414, she officially carried the title of Archduchess. After his death, Duke Friedrich IV of Austria took over the guardianship of their children, as agreed with his brother in this case, and thus also the rule over the inner Austrian states. The children initially stayed with Cimburgis. She died in 1429 on a pilgrimage to Mariazell in Türnitz and was buried in the Lilienfeld collegiate church.

Among the larger than life bronze statues that her grandson Emperor Maximilian I had cast for his tomb in the Innsbruck Court Church is a statue of her.

Legends

Franz Dobiaschofsky: Duke Ernst the Iron Rescues Cimburgis of Masovia (1850)

It is believed that she originated the famous Habsburg lip , which was a prominent feature of the dynasty up to the 18th century and is still to be found today, although not so prominently, in later descendants such as the former King Juan Carlos I of Spain . In her time, she is said to have been famous for her exceptional physical strength: She is said to have pulled iron nails out of the wall with her bare hands and lifted hay powder.

About their marriage, Johann Jakob Fugger (1516–1575) passed on a legend in his mirror of honor of the House of Austria (1555/1559) about a bridal journey during which Cimburgis met her future husband Ernst for the first time on a hunt and he met her life saves. In the Belvedere Museum there is a history painting by Franz Dobiaschofsky from 1850, in which this legend is depicted.

Fiction

  • Josephine von Kviatovska: Hedwiga and Cimburgis or the strong women . A historical novel from the 14th century. Vienna: Mausberger 1820

literature

  • Monika Schellmann: On the story of Duke Ernst the Iron (1386 / 1402-1424) . Dissertation (unprinted), University of Vienna, 1966, especially p. 243f.

Web links

Commons : Cimburgis of Mazovia  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. Monika Schellmann: On the story of Duke Ernst the Iron (1386 / 1402-1424) , p. 246
  2. Monika Schellmann: On the story of Duke Ernst the Iron (1386 / 1402-1424) , p. 246
  3. Monika Schellmann: On the story of Duke Ernst des Eisernen (1386 / 1402-1424) , pp. 105-108
  4. Monika Schellmann: On the story of Duke Ernst the Iron (1386 / 1402-1424) , p. 243
  5. Konstantin Moritz A. Langmaier: Archduke Albrecht VI. von Österreich (1418–1463) , 2013, p. 24
  6. Monika Schellmann: On the story of Duke Ernst the Iron (1386 / 1402-1424) , p. 243
  7. Konstantin Moritz A. Langmaier: Archduke Albrecht VI. von Österreich (1418–1463) , 2013, p. 24
  8. Monika Schellmann: On the story of Duke Ernst the Iron (1386 / 1402-1424) , p. 244
  9. cf. Monika Schellmann: On the history of Duke Ernst the Iron (1386 / 1402-1424) , p. 243. According to Schellmann, however, their role in the origin of the Habsburg lip is not really proven.
  10. cf. Painting: Duke Ernst the Iron Rescues Cimburgis of Mazovia. Retrieved July 5, 2018 .