Little Karlsruhe
Klein-Karlsruhe , regionally known primarily as "Dörfle" , was initially a settlement southeast of Karlsruhe , which arose at the same time as the city was founded and work began on building the Karlsruhe Palace . In 1795, Klein-Karlsruhe was given municipal status . As the first incorporation of Karlsruhe, the previously independent community was incorporated into the city in 1812. The former municipal area, which was redeveloped in the 1960s and 1970s, is now part of the Karlsruhe City Center East district and is considered the old town of Karlsruhe. There are numerous residential buildings as well as restaurants and pubs there, and the red light district of Karlsruhe is located in the northeastern part.
area
The area of Klein-Karlsruhe was about 9 hectares. In the west it was bounded by the Adlerstrasse, in the north by the eastern section of the Kaiserstrasse , in the east by the Durlacher Tor and the Kapellenstrasse, which runs to the southwest and which today covers the Landgraben , and to the south through Mendelssohnplatz and Kriegsstrasse .
Alternative names
Some alternative names for Klein-Karlsruhe were formed:
- Dörfle: The most common name for the area, which is used almost exclusively today.
- Pfannenstiel: nickname that is due to the location of the extension of the street that ends the fan-shaped or pan-shaped Karlsruhe floor plan.
- Calabrian: Name based on the origin of numerous Italian construction workers from Calabria .
- Poultry district: the western part in which some streets with animal names were or are (swan, eagle, pheasant, duck street).
history
Independent settlement and municipal status
Klein-Karlsruhe was initially created as a settlement at the same time as Karlsruhe was founded and work on the construction of the Karlsruhe Palace began. In 1718, 3 years after the city was founded, the settlement consisted of 78 buildings, mainly stone barracks, wooden huts and tent-like emergency shelters, with 360 inhabitants. The first school was built in the 1720s.
In the 1780s, there were already approaches to an own administration in the form of a municipal treasury to collect taxes and fees. From 1789 the settlement was headed by a mayor, and there was also a community calculator and a judge. From 1793 there was also a pastor's office , but there was never a church of its own on site.
Until 1795 Klein-Karlsruhe had neither a legal status nor an official administration of its own. All residents were rear residents and as such initially had to provide various services for the margrave or, from 1752, provide cash benefits. On September 21, 1795, Klein-Karlsruhe received the status of a municipality and thus the right to be granted the citizenship title , which was valid for independent residents with assets of over 200 guilders.
At this point in time, further development as independent municipalities of Karlsruhe and Klein-Karlsruhe was becoming increasingly difficult due to the structural integration and the blurred settlement boundaries.
Incorporation
In 1802 the government set up a commission to prepare the union of the two communities. At this point in time, the residents of Karlsruhe were very concerned about such an association, especially because of the likely high costs caused by the poor financial situation of Klein-Karlsruhe. On the other hand, in the event of a union, the Klein-Karlsruher demanded that all citizens should be given city citizenship rights and that the craftsmen should be accepted into the guilds and independent institutions. When no unification could be enforced until 1809, Klein-Karlsruhe asked for an unconditional incorporation, as the increasing costs could not be met. This led to an edict for incorporation in September 1810, which was only announced in October 1812.
The incorporation agreement did not provide any privileges for the residents of Klein-Karlsruhe or any investments in the community. The citizens of Klein-Karlsruhe had to prove assets of 1,200 guilders for their entry into Karlsruhe civil rights like new citizens . However, only four citizens met this requirement, the rest were left behind. Overall, the population of Karlsruhe, which at that time amounted to around 7,700, grew by around 3,000 as a result of the incorporation, and the district grew by 9 hectares . Klein-Karlsruhe was represented on the city council by its own lawyer . In addition, the creation of a second mayor's post became necessary, which meant that a mayor had to be appointed. The second mayor, Bernhard Dollmaetsch , received an honorary trophy from the Klein-Karlsruher to thank him for his services to the incorporation.
Development as a district
In the 1820s, prostitution began to concentrate in the town of Klein-Karlsruhe, from 1875 onwards it was largely restricted to its eastern part. A short time later, the idea of blocking Kleine Spitalstrasse and, later, Entengasse, with gates, and thus creating a separate red-light area. In 1966 the local council finally decided to concentrate prostitution in the old town.
At the time of the Third Reich , around 150 Sinti were forcibly placed in apartments in the “Dörfle” and lived in a kind of ghetto with poorer Jews. Some stumbling blocks in the area remind of this today .
During the Second World War, large parts of the inner city were destroyed, while the old town was largely spared. Because of this, the area was overpopulated after the war.
Redevelopment
In Klein-Karlsruhe there were initially no specifications for model-based construction, quite the opposite of the planned city of Karlsruhe. As a result, nested and leaned together, primitive accommodations were created, which, as the population increased, took up an ever larger area. Since the incorporation, Klein-Karlsruhe was considered a poor and problematic district. The buildings were inadequately maintained, some of the houses lacked bathrooms and direct access to water.
A renovation was therefore planned at the end of the 1950s. Starting in 1962, the redevelopment was initially the responsibility of the “Gemeinnützige Aktiengesellschaft für Angestellen-Heimstätten”, which provided for the area to be redeveloped ; there was practically no public participation.
For a large-scale demolition of the existing development, initially in the western part, 3,000 residents were relocated, including to the other districts of Oberreut , Durlach , Grünwinkel and Rintheim . The original street scene began to disappear. The newly created Fritz-Erler-Straße , consisting of four lanes, two tram tracks and a sidewalk and partly parking lanes on both sides, is located in a formerly built-up area. While there were over 400 companies with almost 2000 jobs in the area before the renovation, this number had been reduced to fewer than 200 companies with a little under 800 jobs by 1972.
As the work progressed, public criticism of the area renovation increased. As a result, the city of Karlsruhe finally commissioned the architect Nikola Dischkoff to organize an international urban planning competition at the end of the 1960s . The winner of the competition was the Hilmer & Sattler architecture firm . The draft provided for a reorientation from the previous area renovation to a property renovation, through which the previously intact part east of Waldhornstrasse was to be retained. In the course of this reorientation, the "Neue Heimat Baden-Württemberg" took over the implementation of the renovation from 1971. At the end of the renovation, around two thirds of the structures had been demolished.
population
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 1718 | 360 |
| 1775 | 1,720 |
| 1812 | 3,000 |
| 1900 | over 18,000 |
| 1961 | 6,646 |
| 1974 | 2,225 |
The population initially consisted mainly of workers from the city of Karlsruhe, which was being built up. Little by little, more, mainly poor people settled in the settlement, including lower court servants, Jewish second-hand dealers, innkeepers, craftsmen and soldiers, so that the population steadily increased. While Klein-Karlsruhe had 360 inhabitants in 1718, there were 1,720 inhabitants in 1775. Around 1790 the population consisted of a majority of day laborers and soldiers (60 percent) as well as court servants (20 percent) and craftsmen and junk dealers (17 percent) as well as a few landlords (3 percent).
At the time of incorporation in 1812, the community had 3,000 inhabitants. This number rose to over 18,000 by 1900, by far the largest population density of all parts of the city at that time. Since Klein-Karlsruhe was largely spared in World War II, the district was heavily overpopulated after the end of the war.
In 1961, before the renovation, the area had 6,646 inhabitants. In the course of the resettlement of many residents and the demolition of large parts of the district, the population shrank to 2,225 in 1974.
literature
- City archive Karlsruhe (Hrsg.), Bürgererverein Altstadt Karlsruhe eV (Hrsg.): The village - old town Karlsruhe: Forays through the local history . Info-Verlag, Karlsruhe 2012, ISBN 978-3-88190-699-9 .
- City of Karlsruhe, Urban Redevelopment Coordination Office (Ed.): Old town redevelopment “Dörfle” Karlsruhe 1954–1994. 1995.
- Kurt Kranich , Werner Kornhas: "s Dörfle": illustrated history of Karlsruhe's old town 1715–1964 , 1965.
Web links
- Old town historically. A little review of Karlsruhe - the old town - as it used to be. Bürgererverein Altstadt eV (BVA), accessed on December 2, 2014 .
- Dörfle in the Stadtwiki Karlsruhe
- Local history: 200 years of “Dörfle”. Audio report. SWR4 Nachrichten Studio Karlsruhe, accessed on December 8, 2014 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Dr. Manfred Koch: Karlsruhe: City History. Glimpse into history no.86. City of Karlsruhe, March 19, 2010, accessed on November 29, 2014 .
- ^ The fate of the Karlsruhe Sinti and Roma. (No longer available online.) Stadtjugendausschuss eV Karlsruhe, in cooperation with the Stadtarchiv Karlsruhe, archived from the original on December 14, 2014 ; Retrieved December 9, 2014 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ The village in Karlsruhe. KA.mpus - The university magazine for Karlsruhe, November 15, 2008, accessed on November 29, 2014 .
- ↑ Helmut Frei: You fell by the wayside. A lesson from Karlsruhe; How an old part of town was ruined for over twenty years. DIE ZEIT, April 1, 1983, accessed on November 29, 2014 .
Coordinates: 49 ° 0 ' N , 8 ° 25' E