Duffel (landscape)

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The typical landscape of the Düffel, here the Kranenburger Bruch
Duffel landscape near Mehr (Kranenburg)

The Düffel (also known as Düffelt ) is a German-Dutch cultural and natural landscape on the Lower Rhine between Kleve and Nijmegen ( German  Nijmegen ).

expansion

The historical office of Düffel included the villages of Düffelward , Keeken , Bimmen , Mehr , Niel and the Dutch villages of Kekerdom and Leuth . In today's parlance the whole Rhine valley is below with "duffel" Niederrheinische ridge between Kleve and Nijmegen counted, so that cattle , Donsbrüggen , Nütterden , Kranenburg , Zyfflich as well as the Dutch villages Millingen , Persingen , Beek , Ubbergen , Erlecom and Oij to be expected.

history

From the 8th to 10th century, a Düffelgau ( pagus Dublinsis , Tubalgouw etc.) is mentioned several times in the sources . In the 13th century, the Düffel belonged to the judiciary and district of Nijmegen and was in the following years an office in the county or in the Duchy of Geldern . In 1473 the Düffel came to the Duchy of Kleve and was soon afterwards administratively united with the Land Kranenburg , the administrative seat was the House of Germenseel . With the Duchy of Cleves, the Düffel fell to Brandenburg-Prussia in 1609/14 and to France in 1794 ; the French era began. After the Congress of Vienna in 1815, the duffel came back to Prussia , but Kekerdom and Leuth were ceded to the Netherlands in 1816.

There were major floods in 1809, 1855, 1861 and 1926.

At the beginning of 1945, troops of the Western Allies crossed the Rhine in the course of Operation Veritable . Wehrmacht troops blew up numerous Rhine dikes; Numerous civilians also died from the artificially generated floods .

When the Rhine floods in 1995, all dikes (contrary to what was feared) withstood the floods. Nevertheless, this flood as well as the Oder flood in 1997 , the Elbe flood in 2002 and other large floods were an occasion to think about improvements to the existing dykes.

Social and economic history

At the beginning of the 19th century, the Düffel was a fertile agricultural surplus area (which, however, was occasionally affected by floods (e.g. in 1816):

“The Düffelt is known to be a diked polder [...] Its only trade is agriculture: about 2/3 of the very fertile fields are intended for cattle breeding and 1/3 for arable farming. With the exception of a few boatmen and fishermen, the residents are divided into farmers and day laborers. The former have larger or smaller farms, depending on their financial circumstances, and livestock appropriate to them, but always very rich; on the other hand, the ownership of the latter is limited to a small hut and a so-called cabbage garden, a cow and a pig, next to it, which covers a few rods, and very rarely do they also have a few rods of arable land. The farmers use rye, buckwheat, vegetables (especially potatoes) and hay for cattle feed, but sell wheat, barley, oats and tobacco. Everyone, depending on their circumstances, grazes a few head of fat cattle and still sells young cattle and pigs. "

literature

  • Friedrich Gorissen : The duffel. On the history of a cultural landscape . In: D. Teunissen u. a. (Ed.): Die Düffelt. Festschrift for the first Lustrum of the Heimatverein “Die Düffelt” . Numaga, Nijmegen 1975, p. 97-166 .
  • Local history association "Die Düffel": Düffel, land where we live . Millingen 1990.
  • Theodor Ilgen: Duchy of Kleve. I. Offices and courts . Bonn 1921.
  • Robert Scholten : A few things about the Düffel and the localities in the same . Kleve 1903.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ See 'Hochwasser in der Düffel' ( #Literature ), page 46 ff.
  2. ↑ Anton Johann Nepomuk of Coeverden : Gehorsamster report, the hunger emergency in the Düffelt on. dated September 9, 1816, HStA Düsseldorf, Reg. Kleve 91, fol. 5 ff., Quoted in: Hans-Heinrich Bass : Hungerkrisen in Prussen during the first half of the 19th century. Scripta Mercaturae Verlag, St. Katharinen 1991, pp. 129-130. (Note: 1816 was the year without a summer ; it was caused by a large volcanic eruption in Indonesia)

Coordinates: 51 ° 49 ′ 45.8 "  N , 6 ° 1 ′ 22.1"  E