Dřevíč
| Dřevíč | ||
|---|---|---|
 Chapel of St. Wenceslas on the Dřevíč |
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| height | 464 m nm | |
| location | Czech Republic | |
| Mountains | Džbán | |
| Coordinates | 50 ° 14 '51 " N , 13 ° 49' 33" E | |
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| Type | plateau | |
| rock | Plans | |
The Dřevíč (German Drewitsch , also Drewic ) is a planer plateau in the Džbán ( Krugwald ) in the Czech Republic . It is located east of Smilovice on the cadastre of Kozojedy in Okres Rakovník .
Position and extent
The Dřevíč rises east of the valley of the Smolnický potok or Pochválovský potok ( Winarschitzer Bach ). Surrounding villages are Vinařice in the north, Pochvalov in the southwest, Smilovice in the west and Kozojedy in the northwest. With an extension of only 12.5 hectares, the Dřevíč is one of the most striking and at the same time smallest plateau of the Džbán, which is in a narrow connection to the south with the main eastern plateau Pšanská plošina and has the character of a table mountain . To the west, the Dřevíč drops steeply over wooded rocky cliffs to the 165 m lower valley of the Pochválovský potok.
The Dřevíč castle stables, the baroque chapel of St. Wenceslas and the former Dřevíč keeper's house are located on the Dřevíč. The plateau is not forested and is used for agriculture. With the exception of the eastern slope, the Dřevíč is surrounded by forests.
history
Archaeological finds show that the plateau was settled during the Neolithic , Bronze and Hallstatt periods .
Later, a large Slavic castle complex was built, which was located on the north-western border of their territory during the Přemyslids and was built into the first bulwark against the Lutschanen .
The fortified castle Dřevíč ( munitissimum castrum nomine Drevic ) was first mentioned in 1004 in the Chronica Boemorum in connection with its conquest by Prince Udalrich . It was one of the administrative centers of the Přemyslids until the 13th century and formed the center of the Drevice Gaues ( Dřevíčský kraj ) until 1175 . The castle was later abandoned and its rights were transferred to the town of Slaný before 1239 . There was probably an early medieval sanctuary on the Dřevíč.
Since the 14th century is on the plateau a provost of the Benedictine proven. This became extinct during the Hussite Wars and was assigned as a chapel to the parish of Vinařice. According to tradition, the farmer and judge Georg Hauda from Kozojedy is said to have found a treasure at the former provost's office and in 1576 he gave it to the Church of St. Aegidius donated the big Hauda bell in Vinařice .
At the end of the 17th century, the owner of the Cítoliby estate with Divice, Ernst Gottfried Schütz von Leipoldsheim, had the dilapidated chapel removed and the pilgrimage church of St. Wenceslas including a hermitage . In the course of the Josephine reforms in 1782 the pilgrimage church was closed and the hermitage became the Alt-Dřewic or Ober-Dřewic forest hedge. The nave of the Church of St. Wenceslas was demolished in 1892–93. There were pilgrimages to the chapel until the end of the 20th century.
Structural systems
- Dřevíč castle stables, only ramparts and moats remain from the important Přemyslid castle. The layout had the plan of an isosceles triangle with a point pointing to the southwest. The two long sides had a length of 600 meters, the short side in the northeast of 200 meters. The castle was protected by three to six meter high walls made of tarpaulin and clay. The path leading through the Iron Gate from the south was probably the main entrance to the castle. A second gate was on the east corner.
- Desert fortress Hrádek at the northwestern foot of the Dřevíč, the complex built on a spring was probably the ancestral seat of the Knights of Kozojedy. It went out in the 15th century. At the end of the 19th century, its building material walls were demolished. Remains of trenches and ramparts as well as the dam of the cistern have been preserved.
- desert fortress Rychvald on the southern tip of Dřevíč by the Iron Gate, it was first mentioned in 1379 as the property of the Poor Clare Monastery of Panenský Týnec . It was last mentioned in 1522 as the property of Diepolt Popel von Lobkowitz. Remains of ramparts and walls have been preserved.
- Baroque chapel of St. Wenceslas from the end of the 17th century, it originally formed the choir of the church, which was demolished in 1892–93 and is protected as a cultural monument. The chapel is abandoned and devastated today.
- Dřevíč farm at the eastern foot of the plateau, the former Meierhof was built at the transition from the 17th to the 18th century and was initially known as Nový dvůr . The owner of the listed courtyard is the artist František Skála , who created the work of art Dřevíčská archa ( Drevich's Ark ) there.