Daniel Beckher the Elder

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Daniel Beckher the Elder (born September 13, 1594 in Danzig ; † October 14, 1655 in Königsberg i. Pr. ) Was a German physician . He is known as the "Prussian Hippocrates ".

Life

The son of the Danzig merchant Johann Beckher and his wife Barbara Tidicäus initially attended the schools in his hometown. Then his parents sent him to Poland to learn the Polish language . Returning to Danzig, he went to the local high school, where he acquired knowledge in logic , metaphysics , physics , mathematics and ethics . In 1615 he moved to the University of Marburg to study medical science. Here he had mainly attended the lectures of Johann Hartmann , Nicolaus Braun (1558–1639) and Heinrich Petraeus (1589–1620). In 1617 he continued his studies at the University of Heidelberg with Peter de Spina III. (1592–1655) and Simon Opsopäus (1576–1619). At Opsopäus he had held the disputation de pulmonibus .

From Heidelberg he went on a trip to France, but soon returned to Danzig because he had run out of money. A year later he made a trip through Poland, Silesia , Moravia , Austria , Franconia , Meißen and in 1618 came to the University of Wittenberg , where he attended the lectures of Daniel Sennert . Found in Balthasar Meisner's house , he was made familiar with the views of Lutheran orthodoxy . In November 1620 he moved to the University of Rostock , where he held the Disputation de Catarrho that same year . From here he moved to Sweden and Denmark, where, among other things, he continued his studies at the University of Copenhagen . He then traveled back to Wittenberg, where in 1623 Georg Loth the Elder made him the third full professor of medicine and physics at the Albertus University of Königsberg .

For this purpose, he obtained a licentiate in medicine in Königsberg on September 1, 1623, became a city ​​physician in Kneiphof in 1625 and was promoted to second full professor in Königsberg in 1635. Associated with this, he became personal physician at the Polish court and, after he had been promoted to the first full professorship in 1636, he became personal physician to the Elector of Brandenburg in 1639. As a professor at the Königsberg University, he also took part in its organizational tasks and was rector of the Alma Mater in the winter semesters 1635/36, 1639/40, 1643/44, 1647/48 and 1651/52 . Beckher introduced a catalog of lessons at the university in 1636 . He received his doctorate in medicine on March 14, 1640 and gained an excellent reputation as a medical doctor. As a follower of Paracelsus teachings, he was still an arrested person in his time. He became a victim of his profession and died of the plague .

We owe Beckher the description of the first gastric operation that Daniel Schwabe carried out in 1635 to remove a swallowed knife.

family

Beckher had married Maria (born March 28, 1602 in Wittenberg; † March 29, 1665 in Königsberg) in Wittenberg in 1624.

This was the daughter of the Wittenberg mayor Johann Lentz and his wife Barbara Sumius, the daughter of the Bremen pastor Johannes Sumius. The two sons Daniel Beckher the Younger and Christian Friedrich Beckher come from this marriage .

Works

  • Spagyria Microcosmi, tradens medicinam e corpore hominis, turn vivo, tum extincto, docte eruendam, scite praeparaudani et dextre propinandam . Wittenberg 1622
New edition: Medicus Microcosmus seu Spagyria Microcosmi triplo auctior & correctior, exbibens Medicinam Corpore Hominis tnm vivo, turn extincto docte eruendam, scite praeparandam & dextre propinandam. Leiden 1633 ( Digitalisat , public library Lübeck ); London 1660
  • Disputatio inaug. pro licentia 1623 d. 1st December have. sistens centuriam thesium de adfectu Hypochondriaco
  • Disp. physiol. inaug. de calido innato; per obtinendo loco in facult med. ordinano. Koenigsberg 1624
  • Fifteen useful questions about the ten-year plague and pestilence that is still creeping in Prussia . Koenigsberg 1630
  • Kurtzes and simple-minded covering of the sulfur rain, so here in the Fürstenthumb Prussen, anno 1633. June 8th near Liepstadt: As also the unnatural and diverse Meusen auffm field causes and meanings . Koenigsberg 1633
  • Disp. circularis de sudore in genere et in specie de sangoineo. Koenigsberg 1633
  • Disqusitio physica de variis Draconnm generibus. Koenigsberg 1633
  • Xenium regi Bethlehemitico sacrum de Myrrha . Königsberg 1634. (Jan. 27)
  • De natura et constitutione Spagyricae. 1634.
  • Μικροκοσμολογιας pars I continens infimi ventris anatomiam, XII disputationibus publice habitis delineatam. Koenigsberg 1634
  • Disputatio physica de Lachrymis. Koenigsberg 1634
  • Disquisitio phys. De glacie cruenta, anno 1633 mense Decembri Regiomonti observata. Regiom. 1634
  • Theses med. de Phthisi. Regiom. 1636
  • De cultrivoro Prussiaco observatio & curatio singularis Decade Positionum, varijs rariorum observationum historijs refertarum, illustrata & proposita. Königsberg 1636, Leiden 1638, 1640
  • Problematum medicoram decas III. de epilepsia . Koenigsberg 1637
  • Theses medicao de methodo medendi generali . Koenigsberg 1639
  • Plague regiment . Koenigsberg 1639, 1653
  • Theriacologia. Koenigsberg 1642
  • Centuriae III problem. medicorum Decas 5 de Asthmate . Koenigsberg 1642
  • Centuriae III problem, medicorum Decas 7 de Empyemate . Koenigsberg 1642
  • Centuriae III problem, medicorum Decas 8th de Phthisi . Koenigsberg 1642
  • Centuriae III problem, medicorum Decas 9. de palpitatione cordis . Koenigsberg 1642
  • Disputatio de Pipere et Opio . Koenigsberg 1642
  • Useful little house pharmacy: it contains the description partly of the elder, from the Martini Blochwitij Latin treatise translated into German, partly of the juniper . Königsberg 1642, 1650, 1665, Leipzig 1685
  • Historical description of the Prussian knife-swallower, how he not only freed by a cut of the knife, happily healed, but now freed a woman, and taken his apartment in Landsberg in Prussia, which is still fresh and healthy up to now. In addition to his natural contrafayt and the swallowed knife of its own shape and length as well as discussions of five-toe medicinal questions . Koenigsberg 1643
  • Decas positionum medicarum probantium, podagram diaetae beneficio et praeservari et curari posse . Koenigsberg 1644
  • Disputation. med. ultima primi Centenarij de Dysenteria . Koenigsberg 1644
  • Disputation. med. exhibens quaedam Problemata . Koenigsberg 1645
  • Disputation. med. nosologica I, II, III.
    • I. De morbi natura ejusdemque differeutiis essentialibus in genere. Königsberg 1646. (Jan. 12)
    • II. De accidentalibos morborum differentiis. Königsberg 1646 (Sept. 21)
    • III. De temporibos morborum. Koenigsberg 1647. (Jan 4th)
  • Problemata medica de Calculo renum. Koenigsberg 1647
  • Dispatationom therapenticarum I – III. V
    • I. De medendi method in genere et sectis medicinae. Königsberg 1647 (Aug. 30)
    • II. De indicationibus et indicantibus in genere. Königsberg 1647 (Sept. 20)
    • III. De indicantibus secundariis ut et consensu et dissenso indicantinm. Koenigsberg 1648. (4th Sept.)
    • V. De vitali indicatione et victus ratione in genere. Königsberg 1649. (March 5th)
  • Historia morbi Academici Regiomontani seu febris malignae epidemiae civibus Academicis imprimis Communis Electoralis Mensae Convictoribus funestae . Koenigsberg 1649
  • Commentatio de theriaca . Koenigsberg 1649
  • Useful report from the blood flow . Koenigsberg 1650
  • De febre tertiana intermittent epidemica . Koenigsberg 1651
  • Observatio de unguento armamentario s. magnetica vnlnerum curatione . Königsberg (reprinted in the "Theatrum sympatheticum to." Norimb. 1662.)
Unproven works
de angina
de synope
de paresi ex colica
de hermaphroditis & evnuchis
de igne & aqua elementary
de spuro
de pleuritide
de lethargo
de convulsione
de phrenitide
de vertigine
de apoplexia
de partibus utriusque sexua generationi dicatis
de anima rationali
de suffusione
de spiritibus vitalibus et animalibus
de affectibus saporosia
de melancholia
de peripneumonia
de tussi
de haemoptysis
de cardialgia
de spasmo
de hydragogis
de therapia
de materia therapeutics
de pilis et unguibus
de muaculis
de catarrbo.

literature

  • J. Gallandi: Königsberg councilors. In .: Rudolf Reinicke, Ernst Wichert: Old Prussian monthly new series. Ferdinand Beyer, Königsberg in Pr. 1883, p. 32
  • Daniel Heinrich Arnoldt : Detailed and documented history of the Königsberg University. Johann Heinrich Hartung, Königsberg in Prussia, 1746, Part 2, pp. 301, 310, 314
  • August Hirsch : Biographical lexicon of the outstanding doctors of all times and peoples. (BÄL) Urban and Schwarzenberg, Vienna and Leipzig, Vol. 1, p. 356
  • Jöcher : General Scholar Lexicon. 1750, 1st vol., Col. 901
  • August Hirsch:  Beckher, Daniel . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 2, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1875, p. 236 f.
  • Becker or Beckher, Daniel, the older, a doctor. In: Johann Heinrich Zedler : Large complete universal lexicon of all sciences and arts . Supplement 3, Leipzig 1752, column 406 f.
  • Carl Beckherrn: Genealogy of the Beckherrn family along with biographical reports about the same. A contribution to the knowledge of the Königsberg city families. In: Rudolf Reinicke, Ernst Wichert: Old Prussian monthly new series. Ferdinand Beyer, Königsberg in Pr., 1884, 261 f
  • Hanspeter Marti, Manfred Komorowski: The University of Königsberg in the early modern period. Verlag Böhlau, Cologne, 2008, ISBN 978-3-412-20171-5 , p. 63 f.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Carl Pohl: Beckher - the Prussian Hippocrates . Ostpreußenblatt 16/3. 1968
  2. ↑ Entry in the Rostock matriculation portal
  3. ↑ * February 21, 1565 in Wittenberg, father Johann Lentz, mother Magaretha Möbius, studied law at the University of Wittenberg in 1585, married. 1589 did an internship in Dresden in 1594, in 1607 court attorney in Wittenberg, 1615 councilor in Wittenberg, 1617 mayor, † July 10, 1627 in Wittenberg (Paul Gottlieb Kettner: Historical news from the Raths-Collegio of the Chur-Stadt Wittenberg. 1734, p . 58)
  4. ↑ * 1630; † October 28, 1653 at the plague, merchant in Königsberg
  5. ↑ Useful little house pharmacy: it contains the description partly of the elder, from Martini Blochwitij's Latin treatise translated into German, partly of the juniper . Leipzig: Fuhrmann / Giessen: Utzen, 1665 ( digitized edition of the University and State Library Düsseldorf )
personal data
SURNAME Beckher, Daniel the Elder
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German medic
DATE OF BIRTH September 13, 1594
PLACE OF BIRTH Danzig
DATE OF DEATH October 14, 1655
Place of death Königsberg (Prussia)