Delavaya toxocarpa

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Delavaya toxocarpa
Systematics
Eurosiden II
Order : Sapindales (Sapindales)
Family : Soap tree family (Sapindaceae)
Subfamily : Sapindoideae
Genre : Delavaya
Type : Delavaya toxocarpa
Scientific name of the  genus
Delavaya
Franch.
Scientific name of the  species
Delavaya toxocarpa
Franch.

Delavaya toxocarpa is the only plant species of the monotypic genus Delavaya within the soap tree family (Sapindaceae). It occurs in southwest China and northern Vietnam and is called 茶 条 木 cha tiao mu in China.

description

Appearance and leaf

Delavaya toxocarpa grows as a deciduous shrub or small tree and reaches heights of 3 to 8 meters. The bark is brownish-red. The bark of the slightly grooved branches is bare.

The alternate leaves arranged on the branches are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The petiole is 3 to 4.5 inches long. The leaf blade is pinnate in three parts. The stalks of the thin, leathery leaflets are about 1 centimeter long in the middle and very short in the lateral ones. The middle leaflet is with a length of 8 to 15 centimeters and a width of 1.5 to 4.5 centimeters elliptical, ovate-elliptical or sometimes lanceolate-ovoid with a wedge-shaped base and a long, pointed upper end. The bare leaf margin is a bit wide serrated or rarely smooth. The two lateral leaflets are smaller than the central one and are ovate or lanceolate-ovate. The lateral nerves are thin and slightly raised on the underside and top of the leaf. There are no stipules .

Inflorescence and flower

The flowering time in China is in April. Delavaya toxocarpa is dioecious separate sexes ( diocesan ). The inflorescence shaft is 5 to 10 millimeters long. The narrow, thyrsen-shaped inflorescences stand individually or in pairs up to three terminal or lateral and each contain several flowers. The bracts and bracts are relatively small. The flower stalks are 2 to 5 millimeters long.

The unisexual flowers are radial symmetry and five-fold with a double flower envelope . Of the five unequal, roof-tile-like overlapping, bare, almost circular, concave, durable sepals , the three longer ones are 4 to 5 millimeters long. The five white or pink petals are about 8 millimeters longer than the sepals, nailed, narrow-elliptical or obovate. At their base, the petals each have a wide, obovate scale on the inside, which is wedge-shaped or rectangular at its base and frayed in the upper area. The disc is stem-shaped in the lower area and cup-shaped in the upper area with a membranous, wavy edge. There are eight stamens in male flowers , which protrude slightly above the corolla. The stamens are thin and bare. The anthers are ellipsoid. In the female flowers two or three carpels are fused into a short-stalked, almost spherical, upper, two- or sometimes three- chamber ovary; it is hairless or sparsely hairy. There are two ovules per ovary chamber , which are arranged in pairs on the central column. The style inserted on the upper end of the ovary is sublet and erect.

Fruit and seeds

In China, the fruits ripen in August. The loculicidal capsule fruit , purple when ripe, is inverted heart-shaped and bilobed or trilobed. The fruit lobes are 1.5 to 2.5 cm long or slightly longer and obovate or almost spherical and each contain only one seed. The pericarp is leathery or almost woody.

The seed is obovate or almost spherical with a diameter of 1 to 1.5 centimeters. The seed coat (testa) is glossy black. The hilum is circular.

Chromosome number

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 28.

Occurrence

Delavaya toxocarpa occurs in the Chinese provinces of Guangxi and Yunnan and in northern Vietnam . In China it thrives in dense forests at altitudes of 500 to 2000 meters.

Systematics

The genus Delavaya was in 1886 by Adrien René Franchet in Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France , 33, pp. 462-463 with the type species Delavaya toxocarpa Franch. set up. A synonym for Delavaya toxocarpa Franch. is Delavaya yunnanensis franch.

Delavaya toxocarpa is the only species of the genus Delavaya in the subfamily Sapindoideae within the family Sapindaceae .

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Individual evidence

  1. a b c d e f g h i Nianhe Xia, Paul A. Gadek: Sapindaceae : genus Delavaya and species Delavaya toxocarpa , p. 8 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China , Volume 11 - Oxalidaceae through Aceraceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2008, ISBN 978-1-930723-73-3 .
  2. ^ Delavaya toxocarpa at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  3. ^ Franchet scanned in at biodiversitylibrary.org in 1886 .
  4. ^ Delavaya at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed October 10, 2013.
  5. Mark G. Harrington, Karen J. Edwards, Sheila A. Johnson, Mark W. Chase, Paul A. Gadek: Phylogenetic inference in Sapindaceae sensu lato using plastid matK and rbcL DNA sequences. In: Systematic Botany , Volume 30, Issue 2, 2005, pp. 366-382. doi : 10.1600 / 0363644054223549

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