Delavay's fir
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Delavay's fir ( Abies delavayi ) |
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Delavay's fir ( Abies delavayi ) is a species of the pine family (Pinaceae). Their distribution area is in southeast Asia.
description
Delavays fir grows as an evergreen tree that can reach heights of 25 meters, in exceptional cases up to 40 meters, and diameters from 1 to 1.5 meters at chest height . The crown is pyramidal. The rough, longitudinally cracked bark is gray-brown in color. Young twigs have a reddish brown to brown bark , which is rarely hairy. The bark turns darker in color on twigs that are two to three years old.
The spherical winter buds are resinous. The dark green needles are 1.5 to 3 centimeters long and 1.7 to 2.5 millimeters wide. They are mostly straight, curved, or S-shaped. They are arranged in two rows in a spiral or star shape on the branches. There are two white stomatal bands on the underside of the needle .
The flowering period includes the month of May. The short-stalked cones are cylindrical to ovoid-cylindrical in shape. They grow to be 6 to 11 inches long and 3 to 4 inches thick. When they are ripe in October, they are black in color. The obovate seeds have brown wings.
Distribution and location
The natural range of Delavay's fir includes the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh , the north of Myanmar and Vietnam as well as the northwest of the Chinese province of Yunnan , the river valleys of Sichuan and the southeast of the Tibet Autonomous Region .
Delavays fir grows at altitudes between 2400 and 4300 meters in locations with high annual rainfall between 1000 and 3000 mm. The locations are characterized by cool summers and cold, long winters. The soils are mostly covered with snow from October to April. The species usually grows on gray-brown podsol soils .
Delavays fir forms pure stands or mixed stands with other conifer species such as the Sargent spruce ( Picea brachytyla ) and the Likiang spruce ( Picea likiangensis ) , especially on northern slopes near the tree line . In lower altitudes it usually forms mixed stands with the Chinese red birch ( Betula albosinensis ), Betula platyphylla , Quercus semicarpifolia , the Formosa juniper ( Juniperus formosana ), the Taiwan hemlock ( Tsuga chinensis ) and the Himalayan hemlock ( Tsuga dumosa ) .
Systematics
Delavay's fir is assigned to the Pseudopicea section and the Delavayianae subsection within the genus of firs ( Abies ) . It was named after its discoverer, the French missionary and plant collector Pierre Jean Marie Delavay , who collected this type of fir at altitudes between 3500 and 4000 meters on the Cangshan near Dali in Yunnan in April 1887. The description of the species Abies delavayi by the French botanist Adrien René Franchet was published in 1899. Under this taxon, sometimes also as a variety or subspecies within this species, several East Asian taxa were previously subsumed, which are now called differently and are considered independent taxa. Examples are Abies beshanzuensis M.H.Wu , Abies fabri (Mast.) Craib , Abies fargesii var. Faxoniana (Rehder & EHWilson) Tang S.Liu , Abies forrestii Coltm.-Rog. and Abies ziyuanensis L.K.Fu & SLMo .
Varieties
The species is divided into three or four varieties :
- Abies delavayi var. Delavayi the type variety. This variety occurs in southeast Tibet, northwest Yunnan, and northern Myanmar. You can find them there at altitudes of 3300 to 4300 meters.
- Abies delavayi var. Motuoensis W.C.Cheng & LKFu occurs in southeastern Tibet at altitudes of 3000 to 3800 meters. This variety differs from the type variety in that the young shoots are paler and thickly haired with rusty brown hair and the needles, which are 2 to 3.2 centimeters longer, are less dense than the type variety.
- Abies delavayi var. Nukiangensis (WCCheng & LKFu) Farjon & Silba (Syn .: Abies nukiangensis W.C.Cheng & LKFu ) occurs in north-east India, north Myanmar, north Vietnam, north-west Yunnan and Sichuan at altitudes of 2400 to 3000 meters. It differs from the type variety in that the needles are more variable in length, but mostly longer with a length of up to 4.3 centimeters, which are also wider with 1.5 to 2.8 millimeters. The young shoots are purple-brown and hairless.
After the WCSP there is another variety:
- Abies delavayi subsp. fansipanensis (QPXiang, LKFu & Nan Li) Rushforth (Syn .: Abies fansipanensis QPXiang, LKFu & Nan Li ): It occurs in northern Vietnam.
use
The wood from Delavays fir is used as construction and construction wood , as well as for furniture and paper production. Tannin can be extracted from the bark .
Hazard and protection
Delavays fir is listed on the IUCN Red List as "not endangered". It is pointed out that a renewed examination of the hazard is necessary.
swell
- Christopher J. Earle: Abies Delavayi. In: The Gymnosperm Database. February 24, 2011, accessed November 4, 2011 .
- Liguo Fu, Nan Li, Thomas S. Elias, Robert R. Mill: Abies delavayi . In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China . Volume 4: Cycadaceae through Fagaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 1999, ISBN 0-915279-70-3 , pp. 48 (English).
Single references
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l Christopher J. Earle: Abies delavayi. In: The Gymnosperm Database. February 24, 2011, accessed November 4, 2011 .
- ↑ Abies delavayi. In: Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN). USDA, accessed December 30, 2010 .
- ↑ Abies delavayi. In: The Plant List. Retrieved January 3, 2011 .
- ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Abies. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved April 5, 2019.
- ↑ Abies delavayi in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2010. Posted by: Conifer Specialist Group, 1998. Retrieved on 3 January 2011th
Web links
- Abies delavayi. In: Plants for a Future. Retrieved November 4, 2011 .