Dialects in Austria
Bavarian or Alemannic dialects are used quite often in Austria in addition to the standard Austrian German , a standard variety of German . There are also recognized and non-recognized minority languages in Austria .
The dialects belong to the Upper German dialects (Central and South Bavarian and Alemannic dialects in western Austria). Since the Austrian state border was historically not a language border and since the creeping dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire (HRR) until the founding of the (first) Republic of Austria there were numerous territorial shifts ( Salzburg is probably the most prominent example), the southern German spoken in Austria share Dialects have some linguistic peculiarities with the rest of the Bavarian language area in Bavaria and the Alemannic-Swabian language area on all sides of Lake Constance (see also German dialect continuum ).
In addition to the many different local dialects , which in their pure form are mostly only spoken by the older villagers , regional "state dialects" have formed in the individual federal states .
Colloquial language and regional dialect forms
See also: Viennese , Tyrolean , Carinthian , Vorarlberger , Böhmakeln , Hianzisch
Special features of the regional dialects
The dialectal vocabulary is recorded and described in the dictionary of Bavarian dialects in Austria . (For a detailed description of the Bavarian dialects in Austria, see the main article Bavarian language .)
The different dialects are the everyday language of everyday life for a large part of the population , although older people (as almost everywhere in the German-speaking area) usually use more dialect expressions than are used by subsequent generations, especially in urban environments. In some larger cities there is usually a peculiarity of the dialect spoken in the area. This makes do with fewer special dialect expressions (e.g. “always” is said instead of “ollawei”, or simply “pot” instead of “Tügi” / “crucible”) and instead uses more dialect forms of the more sophisticated language (e.g. . "Hintn" instead of "dreant" for "behind", or "in between" / "catch" instead of "daglaunga" / "attain" for "reach an object"). What is particularly striking is the displacement of the primitive dialect in and around Vienna, where a special “sophisticated Viennese dialect” has developed. a. characterized by the fact that the vowel “a” is pronounced as it is written instead of pronouncing it as “å” or “o”, as is otherwise common in Bavarian dialects. In general, words are pronounced much more often according to the script. Words like “I, you, me” are also spoken as such and not as “i, di, mi”; Another example is that the "net" has been replaced by the "not".
In contrast to the rest of Austria , Alemannic dialects are spoken in Vorarlberg and in parts of Tyrol's Ausserfern region. The vocabulary of the Vorarlberg dialects is described in the Vorarlberg dictionary . The linguistic geography of the dialects in Vorarlberg and Tyrol is described in the Tyrolean and Vorarlberg language atlas.
Examples of dialect and colloquial language
|
Main examples of dialect and colloquial language all expressions in the singular , unless otherwise stated |
|||
| in Austria | Standard German | Regional assignment, notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| angsti (n) | humid | Innviertel | |
| Barras (noun) | Armed Forces , Military Service | More like western Austria, common in Germany (military jargon) | |
| Bim (f) | tram | ||
| Bummerl (n) | Loss point in card game | ||
| Cunt (noun) | Mouth and snout in animals | also in old Bavaria | |
| Photo planer | Harmonica or Jew's Harp | also in old Bavaria | |
| Gatsch (m) | Mash, (street) dirt, morass | also in old Bavaria | |
| Göd (m) / God (e) l (f) | (Baptism) godfather / godmother | also in southern old Bavaria | |
| gschami (adj.) | shy, shy | Innviertel | |
| Greißler (m) | Shopkeeper, general store, corner shop, in old Bavaria : Kramer | Eastern Austrian (according to Duden), also in southern Old Bavaria | |
| Harbors (noun) | Pot (south: harbor ) | coll. also for prison | |
| (Full) suitcase (noun) | (Full) idiot | derogatory | |
| Milibidschn (S) | Milk can | Innviertel | |
| Pick (noun) | adhesive | also in old Bavaria | |
| Piefke (m / pl) | Disparaging term for (northern) Germans | supraregional | |
| Pracker (noun) | Carpet beater | also "to have a pracker" (Ö) - "to have someone at the waffle" (D) | |
| Sandler (m) | Vagrant, homeless man | also in old Bavaria | |
| Schlapfen (m) | Slippers, slippers | also in old Bavaria; coll. also for mouth, mouth (e.g. "Hoid in Schlapfen" ) | |
| Schmäh (m) | Joke, humor | ||
| Taxler (m) | taxi driver | also in Bavaria | |
| Tschick (m) | Cigarette | ||
| Tschusch (m) | pejorative for foreigners (mostly for south-eastern Europeans from the Balkans ) | ||
| Watsche (n) (f) | Slap | coll. also Fotzn ; both also in old Bavaria | |
| midget (adv) | across (across the field) | Innviertel | |
| n = neuter , f = feminine , m = masculine , pl = plural , adj. = Adjective , adv. = Adverb | |||
literature
- Ignaz Franz Castelli : Dictionary of the dialect in Austria under the Enns, a collection of words, expressions and idioms which deviate from the High German language, are peculiar to the Lower Austrian dialects, with the attached explanation, and as much as possible of them. Descent and Relationship , In Commission at Tendler und Compagnie, Vienna 1847 ( online in the Google book search)
- Hugo Mareta : Samples of a dictionary of the Austrian vernacular with consideration of the older German dialects , C. Gerold's Sohn, 1865 ( online in the Google book search)
- Dictionary of Bavarian dialects in Austria , published by the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1963 to probably 2020
- Leo Lutz: Vorarlberg Dictionary including the Principality of Liechtenstein , Austrian Academy of Sciences, 2 volumes, 1960–1965
- Lutz Jürgen Heinrich : Dictionary of Austriacisms , self-published, 7th revised and enlarged edition July 2006 About the IPO at the Johannes Kepler University Linz move in
See also
Web links
- Online dictionaries
- private dictionary German – Austrian , as well as an Austrian dictionary derived from it
- Database on the German language in Austria
- Lexicon dialect of the Austrians 1811
- (Upper) Austrian-German dictionary from the University of Linz
- additional
Individual evidence
- ↑ STATISTICS AUSTRIA - Population according to demographic characteristics . In: archive.is . January 23, 2010 ( STATISTICS AUSTRIA - Population by demographic characteristics ( Memento from January 23, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) [accessed on June 25, 2018]).