Dichlobenil

Structural formula
General
Surname	Dichlobenil
other names	2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile; Casoron;
Molecular formula	C 7 H 3 Cl 2 N
Brief description	light gray powder with a characteristic odor
External identifiers / databases
EC number	214-787-5
ECHA InfoCard	100.013.443
PubChem	3031
Wikidata	Q416231
properties
Molar mass	172.01 g mol −1
Physical state	firmly
density	1.349 g cm −3
Melting point	144-145 ° C
boiling point	270 ° C
Vapor pressure	0.073 Pa (20 ° C)
solubility	practically insoluble in water (0.02 g l −1 at 20 ° C)
safety instructions
H and P phrases	H: 312-411
	P: 273-280
Toxicological data	2710 mg kg −1 ( LD 50 , rat , oral ) ; 1350 mg kg −1 ( LD 50 , rabbit , transdermal ) ;
	As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Dichlobenil is a chemical compound from the group of nitriles and organic chlorine compounds .

history

Dichlobenil was discovered in the mid-1950s and its herbicidal properties were studied in the 1960s. It was found that it strongly suppressed germination .

Extraction and presentation

Dichlobenil can be obtained by reacting 2,6-dichlorobenzaldehyde with hydroxylamine .

properties

Dichlobenil is a flammable solid that is practically insoluble in water.

use

Dichlobenil has been used as a herbicide . Its half-life outdoors is around 60 days. Among other things, it forms in the soil when chlorothiamide is broken down .

Admission

In Germany, the approval of the product was revoked on August 23, 2004 by the Federal Office for Consumer Protection and Food Safety (BVL).

In Switzerland, dichlobenil was removed from the approval list on February 1, 2013, where it was used in the cultivation of ornamental trees and in forest plant gardens. After the end of the one-year period, sale and use has been prohibited since February 1, 2014.

In the EU countries including Germany and Austria as well as in Switzerland no pesticides with dichlobenil as an active ingredient are available.

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Entry on dichlobenil in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on February 14, 2017(JavaScript required) .
↑ ^a ^b International Chemical Safety Card (ICSC) for dichlobenil at the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), accessed on December 9, 2014.
↑ Entry on dichlobenil in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), accessed on February 1, 2016. Manufacturers or distributors can expand the harmonized classification and labeling .
↑ ^a ^b V S Rao: Principles of Weed Science, Second Edition. Taylor & Francis, 2000, ISBN 978-1-578-08069-4 , p. 87 ( limited preview in Google book search).
↑ Thomas A. Unger: Pesticide Synthesis Handbook. Elsevier Science, 1996, ISBN 978-0-080-95716-6 , p. 820 ( limited preview in Google book search).
↑ Beynon, KI; Wright, AN: Persistence, Penetration, and Breakdown of Chlorthiamid and Dichlobenil Herbicides in Field Soils of Different Types , in: J. Sc. Fd. Agric. 1968 , 19 , 718-722.
↑ General decree on the return of plant protection products with the active ingredient dichlobenil ( Memento of April 19, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
↑ Federal Department of Economic Affairs: Ordinance on the placing of plant protection products on the market , amendment of December 11, 2012.
↑ General Directorate Health and Food Safety of the European Commission: Entry on dichlobenil in the EU pesticide database; Entry in the national registers of plant protection products in Switzerland , Austria and Germany ; accessed on March 8, 2016.

[GESTIS-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Entry on dichlobenil in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on February 14, 2017(JavaScript required) .

[ICSC-2] International Chemical Safety Card (ICSC) for dichlobenil at the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), accessed on December 9, 2014.

[CLP_100.013.443-3] Entry on dichlobenil in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), accessed on February 1, 2016. Manufacturers or distributors can expand the harmonized classification and labeling .

[PWS-4] V S Rao: Principles of Weed Science, Second Edition. Taylor & Francis, 2000, ISBN 978-1-578-08069-4 , p. 87 ( limited preview in Google book search).

[5] Thomas A. Unger: Pesticide Synthesis Handbook. Elsevier Science, 1996, ISBN 978-0-080-95716-6 , p. 820 ( limited preview in Google book search).

[Beynon-6] Beynon, KI; Wright, AN: Persistence, Penetration, and Breakdown of Chlorthiamid and Dichlobenil Herbicides in Field Soils of Different Types , in: J. Sc. Fd. Agric. 1968 , 19 , 718-722.

[7] General decree on the return of plant protection products with the active ingredient dichlobenil ( Memento of April 19, 2009 in the Internet Archive )

[8] Federal Department of Economic Affairs: Ordinance on the placing of plant protection products on the market , amendment of December 11, 2012.

[PSM-9] General Directorate Health and Food Safety of the European Commission: Entry on dichlobenil in the EU pesticide database; Entry in the national registers of plant protection products in Switzerland , Austria and Germany ; accessed on March 8, 2016.