Diethylcarbamazine

Structural formula
General
Non-proprietary name	Diethylcarbamazine
other names	N , N- Diethyl-4-methyl-1-piperazinecarboxamide; DEC;
Molecular formula	C 10 H 21 N 3 O
Brief description	white, slightly hygroscopic, crystalline powder (citrate)
External identifiers / databases
EC number	202-023-3
ECHA InfoCard	100.001.840
PubChem	3052
DrugBank	DB00711
Wikidata	Q409267
Drug information
ATC code	P02 CB02
Drug class	Piperazine derivatives
properties
Molar mass	199.29 g · mol -1
Physical state	firmly
Melting point	47-49 ° C ; 138 ° C (citrate)
boiling point	108.5–111 ° C (0.39 KPa)
pK s value	7.7
safety instructions
	Please note the exemption from the labeling requirement for drugs, medical devices, cosmetics, food and animal feed
GHS labeling of hazardous substances danger
H and P phrases	H: 302-330
	P: 260-284-310
Toxicological data	240 mg kg −1 ( LD 50 , mouse , ip ) ; 180 mg kg −1 ( LD 50 , mouse , iv ) ; 660 mg kg −1 ( LD 50 , mouse , oral ) ; 1380 mg kg −1 ( LD 50 , rat , oral ) ;
	As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Diethylcarbamazine is a chemical compound from the group of piperazine derivatives , which is used as a drug against worm diseases ( anthelmintic ). Diethylcarbamazine is listed on the World Health Organization's Essential Medicines List .

Clinical information

Application areas (indications)

Diethylcarbamazine is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the treatment and temporary prophylaxis of loiasis . Diethylcarbamazine is also suitable for the treatment of lymphatic and occult filariasis .

Contraindications (contraindications)

A serious pre-existing illness or an existing pregnancy are considered relative contraindications for the use of diethylcarbamazine.

Side effects

The characteristic side effects include immunological disorders such as the Mazzotti reaction . This is caused by the killing of the pathogens and, associated with this, by a strong increase in toxic decay products. Headache, fever, tiredness, loss of appetite, rash or asthma attacks may occur in this context. These symptoms appear within a few hours and go away in about five days. A possible proteinuria is usually temporary.

pharmacology

Pharmacodynamics

Diethylcarbamazine is an orally and parenterally administered antiparasitic agent with action against nematodes (e.g. in onchocerciasis ) and the early larval stages of Dirofilaria immitis . Diethylcarbamazine is available as a citrate for oral and intramuscular administration. Today, however, it is being replaced by ivermectin .

Pharmacokinetics

After oral administration, diethylcarbamazine is almost completely absorbed and distributed outside of the adipose tissue . Its plasma half-life is about 6 to 12 hours.

Other Information

Diethylcarbamazine citrate is a white, slightly hygroscopic, crystalline powder with a melting point of approx. 138 ° C. It is very soluble in water. The solubility in alcohol (1 g in 35 ml) is only low. It was first patented by American Cyanamid in 1949 .

In Germany, preparations based on diethylcarbamazine are no longer permitted for animals, and use on food-producing animals is not permitted.

In India and China , table salt is enriched with the substance.

Trade names

Banocide Forte, Carbilazine, Caricide, Cypip, Ethodryl, Filaribits, Hetrazan, Notézine, Spatonin

Web links

Diethylcarbamazine (WHO) (PDF file; 369 kB)

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Entry on diethylcarbamazine at Vetpharm, accessed on August 11, 2012.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Entry on diethylcarbamazine. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on June 30, 2019.
↑ ^a ^b Datasheet Diethylcarbamazine citrate salt from Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on March 25, 2011 ( PDF ).
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Diethylcarbamazine . In: WHO model prescribing information. Drugs used in parasitic diseases , 2nd edition, World Health Organization, Geneva (Switzerland), pp. 117, 121-122.
↑ Patrick Lammie, Trevor Milner, Robin Houston: Unfulfilled potential: using diethylcarbamazine-fortified salt to eliminate lymphatic filariasis. WHO Bulletin , Volume 85 (7), July 2007, pp. 501-568.

[vp-1] Entry on diethylcarbamazine at Vetpharm, accessed on August 11, 2012.

[roempp-2] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Entry on diethylcarbamazine. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on June 30, 2019.

[Sigma-3] Datasheet Diethylcarbamazine citrate salt from Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on March 25, 2011 ( PDF ).

[WHO-4] Diethylcarbamazine . In: WHO model prescribing information. Drugs used in parasitic diseases , 2nd edition, World Health Organization, Geneva (Switzerland), pp. 117, 121-122.

[5] Patrick Lammie, Trevor Milner, Robin Houston: Unfulfilled potential: using diethylcarbamazine-fortified salt to eliminate lymphatic filariasis. WHO Bulletin , Volume 85 (7), July 2007, pp. 501-568.