Dmitri Konstantinowitsch Tschernow

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Dmitri Konstantinowitsch Tschernow

Dmitry Konstantinovich Chernov ( Russian Дмитрий Константинович Чернов ; born October 20 . Jul / 1. November  1839 greg. In St. Petersburg , † 2. January 1921 in Yalta ) was a Russian Metallurg and university teachers .

Life

Tschernow, son of a field surgeon , studied at the St. Petersburg State Technical University with a degree in 1858. He then worked at the St. Petersburg Mint . 1859–1865 he was a lecturer at the St. Petersburg State Technical University and supervisor of the local museum.

In 1866 Chernov became an engineer at the Obukhov factory in St. Petersburg. There he carried out his main work from 1866 to 1868. He noted that the steel , depending on the temperature changes its properties and polymorphic undergoes transformations, and designed the iron - carbon - phase diagram . He reported his results in 1868 in the article Critical Review of the Articles by Alexander Lavrov and Nikolai Kalakuzki on steel and steel cannons and his own investigations of these problems in the Notes of the Russian Technical Society . Many viewed this as the beginning of scientific metallography . The observed transition temperatures were immediately known as Chernov / Chernov points. In 1879 he published the monograph Investigations of the Structure of Cast Steel Blocks , in which he described the essential structural elements in steel and their importance for the block properties. The dendritic structures were named after Chernov. He also made a contribution to the theory of processes in the Siemens-Martin furnace . He was one of the first to suggest the use of pure oxygen in steel making. He looked for possibilities for the use of sponge iron and took part in the development of gun steel barrels as well as in developments that would later become important for aviation .

Iron-carbon diagram with the Chernov / Chernov points

Chernov was Honorary President of the Russian Metallurgical Society , Honorary Vice President of the British Iron and Steel Institute, and Honorary Member of the American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers (AIME) and many other Russian and foreign organizations.

1880–1884 Chernov examined the salt deposits in the Ukraine in the area of Bachmatsch . After returning to St. Petersburg, he worked in the naval engineering committee . In 1886 he became chief inspector of the Ministry of Transport for the control of orders to the metallurgy works. In 1889 he became a professor at the Mikhail Artillery Academy in St. Petersburg.

In the autumn of 1916 Chernov fell ill and went to the Crimea for a permanent cure . Streets in St. Petersburg and Yalta were named after him.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Information on Dmitri Konstantinowitsch Tschernow in the database of the Bibliothèque nationale de France , accessed on April 19, 2016.
  2. ↑ a b c d e Tschernow Dmitri Konstantinowitsch (Russian, accessed April 19, 2016)
  3. ↑ Dmitri Konstantinowitsch Tschernow (Russian, accessed April 19, 2016).
  4. ↑ Tschernow Dmitri Konstantinowitsch (Russian, accessed April 19, 2016).
  5. ^ AF Golovin: The centennial of DK Chernov's discovery of polymorphic transformations in steel (1868–1968) . Metal Science and Heat Treatment 10 No. 5 (1968).
  6. ↑ Chernov Points (Russian, accessed April 19, 2016).
personal data
SURNAME Tschernow, Dmitri Konstantinowitsch
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Чернов, Дмитрий Константинович (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian metallurgist and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH November 1, 1839
PLACE OF BIRTH St. Petersburg
DATE OF DEATH January 2, 1921
Place of death Yalta