Dodonaea viscosa

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Dodonaea viscosa
Foliage and flowers

Foliage and flowers

Systematics
Eurosiden II
Order : Sapindales (Sapindales)
Family : Soap tree family (Sapindaceae)
Subfamily : Dodonaeoideae
Genre : Dodonaea
Type : Dodonaea viscosa
Scientific name
Dodonaea viscosa
Jacq.

Dodonaea viscosa is a species of the soap tree family (Sapindaceae). Dodonaea viscosa occurs as a cosmopolitan in tropical, subtropical and temperate climates.

description

Dodonaea viscosa grows as an evergreen, strongly branched shrub with heights of 1 to 3 meters or less often as a small tree with heights of up to 9 meters. The trunk reaches a diameter of up to 30 cm. The branches, twigs, leaves and inflorescences are sticky (hence the specific epithet viscosa for sticky). The bark is dark brown and comes off in long, thin strips. The thin and slightly angular branches have a light brown, bare bark . The hard and heavy wood is yellow-brown and there is at most a little black heartwood.

The alternately arranged, very short-stalked leaves are 3 to 9 cm long and 0.5 to 2 cm wide, obverse-lanceolate to spatulate, yellowish-green, glabrous and secrete a sticky, resinous substance. especially while they are young.

Dodonaea viscosa is dioecious, separate sexes ( diocesan ) or it is a subdiocese . From September to January the flowers stand together in terminal, about 2.5 to 3 cm long, paniculate inflorescences . The flower stalk is 4 to 8 mm long. The small, functionally unisexual or hermaphrodite flowers are radial symmetry and about 6 mm long. The three to five durable, greenish-yellow, downy hairy sepals are egg-shaped with a length of 3 mm and fused at their base. Petals are missing. In the male flowers there are six to eight or ten free fertile stamens with almost sessile, elongated anthers with a length of 2 to 5 mm, which are sparsely hairy at the tip. The discus is ring-shaped and cushion-shaped. There are rudimentary stamens in female flowers and a rudimentary ovary in male flowers. The three-chamber ovary is 2.2 mm long and sparsely hairy. The approximately 3 mm long stylus is tiny papillous and ends in a three- or vierästigen scar.

The membranous, two- to fourfold, angular on the back capsule fruit has a length of 1.2 to 1.4 cm and a diameter of 1.5 to 1.9 cm, a swollen, rounded shape and sometimes ripens from November, often from January to March and turns light to chestnut brown or stays green. The capsule fruit usually has three or four, sometimes two paper-like wings that are spread out up to 2 cm. A capsule fruit contains one to four seeds. With a length of about 3 to 4 mm, the elliptical to almost spherical seeds are black.

Naming

The English common name "hopbush" (translated "hop bush") used for all species of the genus Dodonaea . For Dodonaea viscosa , “canyon hopbush”, “hopseed”, “hopseed bush” are common in the southwest of the USA.

Trivial names for Dodonaea viscosa in Australia are: "broad leaf hopbush", "candlewood", "giant hopbush", "narrow leaf hopbush", "sticky hopbush", "native hop bush", "soapwood", "switchsorrel", "wedge" leaf hopbush ", and" native hop ". According to the botanical explanatory panels in Uluru-Kata-Tjuta National Park, the Central Australian Aborigines call the bush "Tjininypa".

Other common names are: ʻaʻaliʻi, 'a'ali'i-ku ma kua and' a'ali'i ku makani in Hawaii , Akeake ( New Zealand in Māori forever ), Lampuaye ( Guam ); Mesechelangel ( Palau ); Chirca ( Uruguay , Argentina ); Romerillo ( Sonora in Mexico ); Jarilla (Southern Mexico); Hayuelo ( Colombia ); Ch'akatea ( Bolivia ); Casol caacol (in the language of the Mexican Seri ).

The generic name is reminiscent of the Flemish botanist Rembert Dodoens (Latinized Dodonaeus ).

use

The heartwood is very hard, heavy and durable.

The New Zealand Māori used the heartwood to make clubs and other weapons. The native Hawaiians made pou (house posts) as well as spears, laʻau melomelo (fish bait) and ʻōʻō (grave sticks) from the wood and obtained a red dye from the fruit. The Seri people in Mexico also use this type of plant medicinally.

The cultivar 'Purpurea' with purple foliage is used as an ornamental plant.

Occurrence

Dodonaea viscosa is widespread as a cosmopolitan in the tropical, subtropical and temperate climates of southern Africa, North America, southern Asia (China and the Indian subcontinent) and Australia and Oceania. In New Zealand this species occurs on the east coast from the North Cape to the Banks Peninsula , on the west coast near Greymouth .

Systematics

The species name Dodonaea viscosa was first published in 1760 by Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin in Enumeratio Systematica Plantarum, quas in insulis Caribaeis , 19th synonyms for Dodonaea viscosa Jacq. are: Dodonaea eriocarpa Sm., Dodonaea sandwicensis Sherff, Dodonaea stenocarpa Hillebr.

There are several subspecies:

  • Dodonaea viscosa subsp. angustifolia ( L. f. ) JGWest
  • Dodonaea viscosa subsp. angustissima ( DC. ) JGWest
  • Dodonaea viscosa subsp. burmanniana (DC.) JGWest
  • Dodonaea viscosa subsp. cuneata ( Sm. ) JGWest
  • Dodonaea viscosa subsp. mucronata J.G.West
  • Dodonaea viscosa subsp. spatulata (Sm.) JGWest
  • Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq. subsp. viscosa

photos

  • inflorescence

  • Habitus

  • Leaves and fruits

  • Dodonaea viscosa - Museum specimen

swell

  • Priscilla Abdulla: Sapindaceae in the Flora of Pakistan : Dodonaea viscosa - Online. (Section description, distribution and systematics)
  • Mark G. Harrington, Paul A. Gadek: A species well traveled - the Dodonaea viscosa (Sapindaceae) complex based on phylogenetic analyzes of nuclear ribosomal ITS and ETSf sequences. In: Journal of Biogeography Volume 36 (12), 2009, pp. 2313–2323. doi : 10.1111 / j.1365-2699.2009.02176.x

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Dodonaea viscosa - entry at GRIN - Germplasm Resources Information Network .
  2. ^ V. Selvam: Trees and Shrubs of the Maldives (PDF; 2.2 MB) Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2007. Retrieved November 21, 2009.
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l Elbert L. Little Jr., Roger G. Skolmen: ʻAʻaliʻi (PDF; 90 kB) In: Common Forest Trees of Hawaii . United States Forest Service. 1989. Archived from the original on December 28, 2010. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved January 23, 2011. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.ctahr.hawaii.edu
  4. ↑ a b c d e Helga Neubauer: Kahurangi National Park . In: The New Zealand Book . 1st edition. NZ Visitor Publications , Nelson 2003, ISBN 1-877339-00-8 , pp. 1149 .
  5. ^ PJ Robson: Checklist of Australian Trees , 1993.
  6. ^ A b c RS Felger & MB Moser: People of the Desert and Sea , University of Arizona Press, 1985, Tucson, AZ.
  7. ^ AC Medeiros, CF Davenport; CG Chimera: Auwahi: Ethnobotany of a Hawaiian Dryland Forest . (PDF) In: Cooperative National Park Resources Studies Unit, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa . 1998.
  8. ↑ Dodonaea viscosa . In: Australian Plant Name Index = APNI, IBIS database . Center for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government, Canberra. Retrieved May 26, 2009.

Web links

Commons : Dodonaea viscosa  - album with pictures, videos and audio files