Cod hammer

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Cod hammer
City of Schauenstein
Coordinates: 50 ° 16 ′ 20 ″  N , 11 ° 44 ′ 9 ″  E
Height : 533 m above sea level NN
Postal code : 95197
Area code : 09252
Image by Dorschenhammer

Dorschenhammer is a district of the town of Schauenstein in the Upper Franconian district of Hof in Bavaria .

geography

The property is located in the Franconian Forest , between Schauenstein or the Lehstenmühle and Volkmannsgrün , about 800 m southwest of the old town center of Schauenstein in the Selbitz valley at an altitude of 533  m above sea level. NN . It is accessible by local roads to the east-running state road St 2195 .

Earlier names

The former hammer mill ( iron hammer ) and mint also served as a power station and textile factory.

Oberer Hammer von Schauenstein; August 8, 1381 first mentioned as "Spetlingshammer"; 16th century "Torschenhammer"; after 1640 "Drechselhammer"; since 17./18. Century "Dorschenhammer"; 1957–1980 "Erlenhof".

history

Hammer mill

Georg Kleinschmidt came from the Dorschenhammer , who later became Dr. Gregorius Curio personal physician of Martin Luther and Duke Barnim XI. from Pomerania was in Stettin. The hammer got its current name from Jakob Tore.

At the beginning of the Thirty Years' War , Vogt David Grenz Hammerherr was in Dorschenhammer, where, according to his own admission, he built a "handsome" house. The property was brought into the marriage by his wife. From April 4 to 27, 1622, coins of inferior quality were minted there, thus stimulating currency devaluation during the tipper and wipper period . David Grenz was killed on March 21, 1640 by Swedish mercenaries with a Swedish drink. His gravestone is in the Schauenstein cemetery.

After that, the Hammergut was owned by the Drechsel family for around 120 years. In 1679 Johann Georg Drechsel donated a mighty painting (oil on wood) depicting the Last Judgment to the Evangelical Lutheran parish church of St. Bartholomäus in Schauenstein. Drechsel had himself immortalized on the late Renaissance frame: “This is how the Last Judgment sees / What Christ the Lord speaks. / Anno 1679 has God in honor, all pious Christians for improvement, and the church as an ornament to Johann Georg Drechsel, whose time appointed mayor here and Lord on the cod hammer, such donated here. "

Longolius noted in 1761: "Now one half has been sold to Mr. Johann Christoph Löweln, Brandenburg Kulmbachischer Kommissar in February of the 1760th year and the other half on June 16 of the 1761th year to Mr. Hans Abraham Löweln of that brother and mining inspector." Johann Christoph Löwel owned the Lower Klingensporner Hammer, the Thierbacher Hammer and the “Marxgrüner high oven”. The family used the lion as a hammer sign. In addition to bar iron, i.e. pig iron for export, also plowshares and horseshoes were produced in the Dorschenhammer, at the other locations furnace ports, iron kettles and also Zaineisen .

At the end of the 18th century, the Hammergut came into the possession of the Dittmar family. In 1804/1805 five workers in the hammer mill produced 1,560 quintals of rod iron worth 14,040 Rhenish guilders (florins). The economic activities of the Dittmar family also included money lending.

In 1822 Franz Xaver Joseph Peter von Weech became the new owner of the Hammergut. In the next few years he was often referred to in public communications as the hammer owner, hammer master or Mr. Baron von Weech , iron and mine owner of Dorschenhammer. Von Weech did not have a family background comparable to that of his predecessors in the Eisenhammer. As a member of the royal Bavarian body regiment, he received a good education and was later able to acquire the economic and technical knowledge for the company himself. In addition, he held several public offices. In 1827 there were nine workers and one supervisor in the hammer mill. Every year 1,100 quintals of iron rods worth 11,550 Bavarian guilders were produced. Iron production ended with the death of Weechs in 1851. In 1864 the doctor Wilhelm Reichel wrote in Naila: “The blast furnaces are dormant because the owners of them are unable to deal with the English factories, which currently supply almost all of Germany with their iron products, given the high prices of the charcoal they use for smelting. can compete. "

Electricity company and textile factory

Abandoned textile factory in Dorschenhammer with embroidery machines from the pre-war period. 1980

In 1899 Heinrich Leupoldt founded a mechanical weaving mill in Dorschenhammer. The old hammer mill was demolished and a two-story factory building was built. Originally, Leupoldt wanted to operate his looms with water power. A newly installed waterwheel on the southern wall of the factory, aligned at a 90 ° angle to the Hammergraben, was supposed to ensure the operation of the machines. But the construction did not develop enough strength. In 1906 the Leupoldt company went bankrupt. Magistrate member Heinrich Schirmer acquired the factory and registered the Schirmer electricity company at Schauenstein on February 20, 1907. The mill wheel powered a 1000 volt alternator. Around 1907 there was electric light in Schauenstein for the first time. The electricity primarily served to operate the looms. In 2000 the dilapidated factory ruin was torn down.

owner

  • 1386/1388: The Schauenstein knights Wolfstriegel sold the hammer and other localities to the Nuremberg burgrave Friedrich V.
  • around 1495: The Kleinschmidt family (also Kleinschmied, Kleinschmid, Kleynschmidt): Widow Els Kleinschmidt and her sons Heinz and Andreas
  • around 1552: Jakob Tore, probably married to a daughter of Contz Kleinschmidt
  • 16th century: Kayser
  • until 1640: David Grenz (died 1640), since 1611 Vogt von Schauenstein
  • until 1760: Drechsel family: first hammer owner Johann Georg Drechsel (died 1708), mayor of Schauenstein; Georg Dreschel (1657–1728); Johann Georg (1680-1739); last hammer owner Johann Nicol Drechsel
  • 1760– ?: Family Löwel (also Löweln, Loewel): Johann Christoph Löwel, Mining Commissioner and his brother Hans Abraham Löwel
  • ? –1820: Adam Johannes Dittmar (born 1729); Johann Georg Erhard Dittmar (1768–1820)
  • 1822–1851: Franz Xaver Joseph Peter von Weech (1797–1851), subordinate à la suite in the 1st Line Infantry Regiment “König” (Bavaria), District Administrator, Major and Commander of the Landwehr Battalion of the Naila District Court
  • 1854–1957: Wolfrum family: Jacob Wolfrum, master dyer; Heinrich Karl Wolfrum (1854–1938), economist; Adolf Wolfrum (1886–1957), farmer
  • 1957–1980: Ilse Groß (born 1907), daughter of the textile manufacturer Seyffert in Selbitz and owner of the grinding wheel factory in Schauenstein
  • private since 1980

monument

Door framing

The listed manor house has been preserved from the former Hammergut . With file number D-4-75-165-15 it is described as: “Two-story residential stable house with three to eight axes, slate-covered hip roof and dormers over the eaves . Solid ground floor and half-timbered upper floor plastered. ”The front door's walls are made of sandstone, the top stone is labeled“ D. 1813 “(Dittmar). Stable door with granite frame and crown “D”. The first floor was probably fitted with barrel and cross vaults at the beginning of the 19th century. Stucco ceilings, probably created around 1768, are similar to those in the rectory of Schauenstein and in the hammer lock Unterklingensporn . Hammerherr Dittmar rebuilt the house between 1813 and 1818: ironwork grilles in the stairwell were adorned with the first letters of his name "JGED / 1818", surrounded by a laurel wreath.

legend

The town coat of arms of Schauenstein shows a "Moor" who is holding up a red iron stone. This is followed by the story of a German merchant who was captured and enslaved by African pirates on his way home from Spain. A "Mohr" helped him to escape and returned with him to his destroyed home. Here the African, who was skilled in metalworking, found an iron stone, held it up and exclaimed: “Look at the stone!” From which the name Schauenstein is supposed to be derived. He persuaded his master to "build a hammer here on the banks of the Selbitz instead of dying bleakly in the wilderness". The city coat of arms refers to the centuries-old tradition of iron processing in the area.

literature

Web links

Commons : Dorschenhammer  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ See Gerhard Schön, Coin and Monetary History of the Principality of Ansbach and Bayreuth in the 17th and 18th Centuries, Dissertation, Munich 2008.
  2. ↑ See Karl Heinrich Ritter von Lang , Regesta sive Rerum Boicarum Autographa, Volume 9, Munich 1841, p. 79.
  3. ^ Privilege for a paper mill near Schauenstein for the governor David Grenz on his Torschenhammer estate, 1650. Bamberg State Archives , Geheime Landesregierung (with predecessor authorities), no. 2846.
  4. ^ Report on the place names of the former Principality of Bayreuth, Archive for History and Antiquity of Upper Franconia , Bayreuth from 1920, Volume 27, Issue 3, p. 153.
  5. ↑ Schauenstein, in: Carl Friedrich Gebert, Die Brandenburg-Fränkischen Kippermünzstätten (1620-1622), Nuremberg 1901, pp. 36–41, here p. 37.
  6. ↑ Parish Church of St. Bartholomew in Schauenstein. The picture is to the left of the altar.
  7. ^ Paul Daniel Longolius : Lordship and Court of Schauenstein 1761. Documentation by Hans Hofer 1973, p. 68. Hof Stadtarchiv, signature: M 169.
  8. ↑ Gerhard H. Anders, Hammerwerke im Nailaer Bergamts-Revier from 1770, in: Our homeland, local history supplement of the Nailaer Zeitung, 1966, No. 4, pp. 31–32.
  9. ↑ News from the hammer mills and smelters located in the Margravial Bayreuthische Berg-Amts-Revieren Naila and Wunsiedel, from the types and prices of the goods manufactured there, 1770 (taken from handwritten tables.), In: Johann III Bernoulli , Johann Bernoulli's Collection of short travelogues and other news serving to expand knowledge of countries and people. Volume 1, Berlin 1781, pp. 264-265.
  10. ↑ Carl Erenbert Freiherr von Moll , Neue Jarbücher (sic!) Der Berg- und Metallkunde, Volume 3, Nuremberg 1815, pp. 72–80.
  11. ↑ See Flora. An entertainment sheet, Munich 1829, p. 790 (table). - See Royal Bavarian privileged intelligence sheet for the Upper Main District, 1828, p. 930.
  12. ↑ Heinrich Mörtel, Eisenhämmer in the Franconian Forest (5. The Rudhart tables from 1827), in: Our homeland, local history supplement of the Nailaer Zeitung, May 1, 1956, No. 6., pp. 41-48.
  13. ^ Heinrich Mörtel, Iron Hammers in the Franconian Forest. A report from the end times of huts and hammers, in: Unser Heimat, 1955, No. 16, November 22, 1955, pp. 121–126.
  14. ↑ The electricity works in Schauenstein operates under this name to this day (as of 2017).
  15. ^ Karl-Ludwig Lippert : Naila district . In: The art monuments of Bavaria , short inventories, XVII. Band . Deutscher Kunstverlag , Munich 1963, p. 23.
  16. ↑ JG A Hübsch, History of the City and the District of Naila, Helmbrechts 1863, pp. 113–114.