Dorzolamide

Structural formula
General
Non-proprietary name	Dorzolamide
other names	(4 S , 6 S ) -4-Ethylamino-6-methyl-7,7-dioxo-5,6-dihydro-4 H -thieno [5,4- b ] thiopyran-2-sulfonamide; (all- S ) -4-Ethylamino-6-methyl-7,7-dioxo-5,6-dihydro-4 H -thieno [5,4- b ] thiopyran-2-sulfonamide;
Molecular formula	C 10 H 16 N 2 O 4 S 3 (dorzolamide) ; C 10 H 16 N 2 O 4 S 3 HCl (dorzolamide hydrochloride ) ;
External identifiers / databases
PubChem	5284549
DrugBank	DB00869
Wikidata	Q415401
Drug information
ATC code	S01 EC03
Drug class	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
properties
Molar mass	324.44 g · mol -1 (dorzolamide) ; 360.9 g · mol -1 (· dorzolamide hydrochloride) ;
Physical state	firmly
Melting point	264 ° C (dorzolamide hydrochloride)
safety instructions
	Please note the exemption from the labeling requirement for drugs, medical devices, cosmetics, food and animal feed
GHS hazard labeling ; no classification available
Toxicological data	> 250 mg kg −1 ( LD 50 , dog , oral ) ; 1320 mg kg −1 ( LD 50 , mouse , oral ) ; 1927 mg kg −1 ( LD 50 , rat , oral ) ;
	As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Dorzolamide is a sulfur- and nitrogen- containing, chiral heterocyclic chemical compound that is derived from thiophene . Due to its effectiveness as a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor , the pure (4 S , 6 S ) isomer is used as a medicinal substance in eye drops to lower intraocular pressure .

A structurally related and similarly acting drug is brinzolamide .

properties

Dorzolamide is a white, crystalline powder that dissolves well in water, but slightly in methanol or ethanol. Instead of the base, the hydrochloride is used as a medicinal substance due to its better handleability and water solubility .

Clinical studies

The efficacy of Dorzolamide as a finished product Trusopt has been tested in clinical studies in patients with glaucoma and increased intraocular pressure (over 23 mmHg). The preparation was able to reduce the pressure by 13 to 22% in a 2% dosage. These values were constant over a test period of one year. In combination with the beta blocker timolol , dorzolamide is commercially available in Germany as a finished medicinal product Cosopt ^® . It is used to treat increased intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with open-angle glaucoma or pseudoexfoliation glaucoma when monotherapy with a beta blocker is insufficient.

Side effects

Common side effects are: nausea, bitter taste, headache, weakness and tiredness, on the eye: burning and stinging, superficial punctiform corneal inflammation, tears, conjunctivitis, eyelid inflammation, eyelid irritation, itching of the eyes, blurred vision.

Trade names

Monopreparations

Trusopt (D, A, CH), Dorzo-Vision (D)

Combination preparations

Cosopt (D, A, CH), as well as generics (A)

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c FDA : dorzolamide hydrochloride ophthalmic solution (PDF; 250 kB).
↑ This substance has either not yet been classified with regard to its hazardousness or a reliable and citable source has not yet been found.
↑ ^a ^b ^c Kiso to Rinsho . Clinical Report. Vol. 28, p. 1241, 1994.
↑ Trusopt specialist information, as of February 2007.

[fda-1] FDA : dorzolamide hydrochloride ophthalmic solution (PDF; 250 kB).

[NV-2] This substance has either not yet been classified with regard to its hazardousness or a reliable and citable source has not yet been found.

[ktr-3] Kiso to Rinsho . Clinical Report. Vol. 28, p. 1241, 1994.

[4] Trusopt specialist information, as of February 2007.