Dracocephalum palmatum
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Dracocephalum palmatum on an extrazonal steppe slope in Chersky on the lower Kolyma, Sakha Republic (Yakutia) |
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| Dracocephalum palmatum | ||||||||||||
| Steph. ex Willd. |
Palmatum Dracocephalum is a plant from the genus of scorpion ( Dracocephalum ) within the family of Labiatae (Lamiaceae). It is native to Siberia .
description
Appearance and leaf
Dracocephalum palmatum grows as a perennial herbaceous plant . Creeping or ascending rhizomes are formed as persistence organs . The many stems have a diameter of 5 to 8 millimeters and are 5 to 12 centimeters in length lying to ascending; they are covered with spreading hairs ( trichomes ).
The opposite arranged leaves are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The clearly hairy petiole is 0.5 to 2 centimeters long and somewhat thickened towards its base. The pinnate (but not up to the midrib) leaf blade is egg-shaped-circular or broad-egg-shaped with a truncated to slightly heart-shaped blade base. The leaf lobes, which are often rolled upwards, are oblong with a length of 4 to 10 millimeters and almost the same width with a blunt upper end. Both leaf surfaces are densely hairy or densely, short, white-gray hairy. The uppermost leaves are smaller and shorter stalked to almost sessile.
Inflorescence, flower and fruit
At the ends of the stems, the false whorls stand together in elongated inflorescences . The wedge-shaped bracts have lanceolate, spiky teeth.
The short-stalked flowers are hermaphrodite, zygomorphic and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The five approximately 10 millimeter long sepals are fused, curved, 15-veined, two-lipped and five-toothed; they are often purple. The middle calyx tooth of the upper lip is rounded, obovate, three times as wide as the side teeth and weakly serrated and spiky. The edge of the incisions between the teeth is thickened. The lower lip consists of two narrow, lanceolate calyx teeth. The five light straw-colored to yellowish petals have grown together to form a 20 to 30 millimeter long, two-lipped crown. The crown is narrowed at the base and widened at the throat; it has shaggy hair on the outside. The curved, bilobed upper lip is much longer than the trilobed lower lip, with the middle corolla lobe being the largest. There are four stamens, the two rear ones being longer than the two front ones. The tip of the stylus is evenly divided into two and often protrudes clearly above the corolla.
The nutlets are egg-shaped with a length of about 2 millimeters and a diameter of 1 mm and hardly recognizable three-edged.
Chromosome number
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 12.
Occurrence
The distribution area extends over the mountainous regions of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in eastern Siberia over the Khabarovsk region and the Magadan Oblast in the Far East of Russia . Dracocephalum palmatum is characteristic of mountain steppes and alpine mats on coarse clastic substrates, such as gravel or block heaps , but also occurs in light, dry mountain forests and open dwarf pine trees ( Pinus pumila ).
Use in folk medicine and pharmacological study
Dracocephalum palmatum is used by the northern Yakut nomads in folk medicine . The ingredients and medicinal effects of Dracocephalum palmatum were last examined in a 2013 study.
Taxonomy
The first description of Dracocephalum palmatum was made in 1800 by Christian Friedrich Stephan in Carl Ludwig von Willdenow : Species Plantarum , 4th edition, volume 3, pp. 151-152. There the German common name hand-shaped dragon head is also mentioned. Synonyms for Dracocephalum palmatum Steph. ex Willd. are: Dracocephalum schelechowii Turcz. ex Ledeb. , Ruyschiana palmata (Steph. Ex Willd.) House . The specific epithet palmatum means hand-shaped.
swell
- Vladimir Leontyevich Komarov (founder), BK Shishkin, SV Yuzepchuk (ed.): Flora of the USSR , Volume XX: Labiatae. Jerusalem 1976. ISBN 070-6515609 ( Russian original: Moscow / Leningrad 1954) Dracocephalum palmatum , p. 299 - scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org .
- LI Malyschev (Ed.): Flora of Siberia , Volume 11 - Pyrolaceae-Lamiaceae (Labiateae) , Novosibirsk, 1997. ISBN 1-57808-110-6
- Eric Hultén: Flora of Alaska and Neighboring Territories: A Manual of the Vascular Plants , Stanford University Press, 1968. ISBN 0-80470-643-3 : Dracocephalum palmatum on p. 786 in the Google book search
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Vladimir Leontyevich Komarov (concept), BK Shishkin, SV Yuzepchuk (ed.): Flora of the USSR , Volume XX: Labiatae. Jerusalem 1976. ISBN 070-6515609 ( Russian original: Moscow / Leningrad 1954) Dracocephalum palmatum , p. 299 - scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org .
- ↑ Eric Hultén: Flora of Alaska and Neighboring Territories: A Manual of the Vascular Plants , Stanford University Press, 1968. ISBN 0-80470-643-3 : Dracocephalum palmatum on p. 786 in the Google book search
- ↑ Dracocephalum palmatum at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ↑ LI Malyschev (Ed.): Flora of Siberia , Volume 11 - Pyrolaceae-Lamiaceae (Labiateae) , Novosibirsk, 1997. ISBN 1-57808-110-6
- ↑ Daniil N. Olennikov, Nadezhda K. Chirikova, Zhanna M. Okhlopkova & Ismayl S. Zulfugarov: Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Tánara Ótó (Dracocephalum palmatum Stephan), a Medicinal Plant Used by the North-Yakutian Nomads , In: Molecules , 2013, Volume 18, Issue 11, pp. 14105-14121: doi : 10.3390 / molecules181114105 .
- ↑ First publication scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org .
- ↑ Dracocephalum palmatum at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed January 16, 2014.