Dreiländerbrücke
Coordinates: 47 ° 35 ′ 29 " N , 7 ° 35 ′ 23" E
| Dreiländerbrücke | ||
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| use | Pedestrian and Cyclist Bridge | |
| Crossing of | Rhine | |
| place | Weil am Rhein - Huningue | |
| Entertained by | IG Rheinbogen | |
| construction | Steel arch bridge | |
| overall length | 248 m | |
| width | 12 m | |
| Longest span | 229.4 m | |
| Arrow height | 20 m | |
| building-costs | 9 million euros | |
| start of building | April 10, 2006 | |
| opening | March 30, 2007 | |
| planner | Wolfgang Strobl, Dietmar Feichtinger | |
| location | ||
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The Dreiländerbrücke ( French Passerelle des Trois Pays ), still called the Passerelle over the Rhine during the planning and construction phase , is the longest arched bridge for cyclists and pedestrians in the world. It connects the German city of Weil am Rhein in southern Baden and the French Huningue (Hüningen) in Alsace. The name is derived from the border triangle Germany-France-Switzerland, which is less than 200 meters from the bridge. A Franco-German state treaty was specially concluded before the bridge was built . The striking arch construction is intended to symbolize the strong connection between the two states . The bridge and its construction has several architectural and engineering awards received.
location
The three-country bridge connects the western part of Weil am Rhein with the eastern part of Huningue. In order not to disturb the line of sight between the main street of Weil and the opposite Rue de France to the central market square of Huningue, the three-country bridge was built a few meters offset. The actual point where the three countries France, Switzerland and Germany meet (→ triangle of Europe ) is around 150 meters south of the bridge. On the hamlet side there is the Rheinpark and a large shopping center right next to the bridge.
The Dreyland Dichterweg begins at the Rheinpark and leads over the Dreiländerbrücke to France and then to Switzerland. Alemannic poets and their works are presented on two dozen panels along the way.
history
Planning history
The Dreiländerbrücke is located exactly where the Hüningen ship bridge, which was destroyed by American fire bombs on October 20, 1944, was. The first crossing at this point was built for the Hüningen fortress and destroyed by French troops in 1797. Until the opening of the Palmrain Bridge for road vehicles on federal highway 532 , a car ferry operated at this point.
The idea of creating a new direct bridge connection between Weil am Rhein in Germany and Huningue in France goes back to 1996. A written declaration of intent was drawn up by both cities on October 20, 1997. On February 10, 2000, the local council approved a unanimous decision to build a bridge. On June 12, 2001, a summit meeting of representatives from both countries will take place in Freiburg im Breisgau , at which the agreement between the Federal Republic of Germany and the French Republic on the construction and maintenance of border bridges over the Rhine that are not the responsibility of the contracting parties is signed. On June 21, 2001, an architectural competition will be announced, from which the Austrian architect Dietmar Feichtinger and LAP Leonhardt, Andrä und Partner will be chosen as the winners on October 19 of the same year . The development plan process lasted from May 23, 2000 to July 22, 2005. The construction work was tendered across Europe on May 31, 2005 and awarded on October 6 to the Bavarian-based construction company Max Bögl .
Construction and assembly
After the start of construction on the French bank on April 10, 2006, the foundation stone was laid on May 2 in Huningue. On June 19th the assembly of the steel elements began. The bridge superstructure was floated in on November 12th. The main section of the bridge as a whole was initially installed around one kilometer downstream on the French bank of the Rhine, only then "floated in" and "lifted in". The individual assembly sections were delivered by water and welded on site.
The lateral displacement on the pontoon ships was carried out on November 8, 2006 with heavy trucks. One day later, the pontoon ships were slowly turned into their final position between the supports on both banks of the Rhine with the help of cable winches . The turning in and lowering of the bridge was carried out by slowly flooding the pontos. Then the bolt connections of the end bracing were fixed and, after the final measurement and control of the forces, poured into the bearings. The bridge construction could already be finished on November 24th, 2006.
Since opening
The bridge has been in use since December 31, 2006. On January 13, 2007, 600 volunteers on both sides of the Rhine tested the new pedestrian connection for its vibration behavior. The final opening to traffic took place on March 30, 2007 after all official inspections had been completed. The official inauguration with a large bridge festival took place on June 30 and July 1, 2007 in the presence of the Baden-Württemberg Prime Minister Günther Oettinger and the French Senate President Christian Poncelet and with 75,000 Visitors. The two cities also celebrated the 45th anniversary of their twinning. Due to the great success (40,000 to 50,000 visitors were expected beforehand), a repetition of the festival every five years was thought of and also celebrated in 2017, for the tenth anniversary of the bridge.
description
The Dreiländerbrücke, an arch bridge with a central carriageway, has the world's longest span of a pedestrian bridge at 229.4 meters . Their total length without access ramps is 248 meters. The arch stitch measures only 20 meters, the arch apex is a maximum of 26 meters above the water, the bridge deck about 14 meters below the arch apex. The width of the bridge deck is 5 meters in the middle of the bridge, which widens to 7 meters on both banks. It is connected to the quayside with ramps and stairs. There is also an elevator on the French bank.
The steel supporting structure of the bridge is asymmetrical: on the north side of the bridge deck, two vertical arches with a hexagonal hollow cross-section of 900 millimeters stand side by side and carry the main load. On the other side there is an inwardly inclined arch made of a steel tube. The arches are connected by narrow trusses. They are stored on concrete plinths standing close to the bank. The stronger, vertical arch is oriented to the north, the southern arch is inclined by 16 degrees and is formed by a steel tube with a diameter of 609 millimeters.
As with a modified tied arch bridge , the bearings only take up the vertical forces, while the horizontal thrust of the arches is directed through struts into the bridge deck above, which acts as a tension band and thereby neutralizes the horizontal forces. Eye rods between the ends of the bridge deck and separate concrete bases in the bank area that act as tension piers counteract upward forces. The support of the base points on the French bank side is realized by two spherical bearings in the northern arch and three in the southern arch. They rotate on different radii, but towards the common center.
The bridge deck consists of an orthotropic plate , which is slightly arched in the longitudinal direction in order to keep the required clearance profile free for navigation on the Rhine . It is attached to the arches with fully locked steel cables . The ropes are arranged at an angle so that they are anchored close together at the top and bottom in the arches or the bridge deck. A total of 805 meters of cable with a diameter between 30 and 60 millimeters were used for the steel cables.
The steel structure has a total mass of 1000 tons and a total of 1798 cubic meters of concrete were used.
Dreiländerbrücke at dusk
Route and asymmetrical arch construction
Ramp and elevator on the French side
Detailed view of the steel arch construction
Detailed view of the steel arch construction
Construction costs and situation
The net construction costs amounted to around seven million euros, the gross total costs are given as ten million euros. The costs were borne by different parties and are made up as follows:
| Carrier or source | Contribution |
|---|---|
| State of Baden-Württemberg | 2,900,000 euros |
| Communauté de Communes des Trois Frontières | 2,165,000 euros |
| European Union | 1,680,000 euros |
| City of Weil am Rhein | 1,194,000 euros |
| Refund of French VAT | 780,000 euros |
| Haut-Rhin department | 706,000 euros |
| Alsace region | 425,000 euros |
| Ville de Huningue | 150,000 euros |
In addition, a donation of 125,000 euros from the association “Bürgerbrücke eV Weil am Rhein” contributed to the financing.
Since April 1, 2007, the three-country bridge has been approached every Sunday from Basel-Kleinhüningen by a solar-powered ferry. It is operated by the "IG Rheinbogen" newly founded on March 28, 2007. Since the bridge and its surroundings have quickly become a heavily frequented attraction since it was opened, the Basler Schifffahrtsdirektion is now considering a footbridge from the Dreiländereck monument to the northern tip of the Kleinhüninger Hafen (with the northern bridgehead at the glass house behind the "Rhein-Center" shopping center) to be built to enable a circuit through all three countries. Starting at the Dreirosenbrücke in Basel, the circular route would run along the banks of the Rhine and through the Kleinhüningen port area to the Dreiländerbrücke, then on the French side of the Rhine via Huningue back to the Dreirosenbrücke.
Prices
The Dreiländerbrücke was awarded the German Bridge Construction Prize 2008 in the category “Pedestrian and Cycle Bridges ” because, according to the jury's verdict, “This building with outstanding innovative ideas perfectly harmonized design, function and construction.” On September 9, 2009, the Bridge as well as the architect and responsible engineer the “ Outstanding Structure Award ” from the International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE). Other awards from the Dreiländerbrücke include the Renault Traffic Future Award (2007), the Arthur G. Hayden Medal Award from the International Bridge Conference / Pittsburgh (2008), the first prize in the pedestrian and cyclist bridges category, awarded by the European Association based in Brussels the steelworker ECCS (2008), the Footbridge Award (2008) and the Structural Award (2008), which has been awarded by the Organization of the Civil Engineers Institution of Structural Engineers (IStructE) since 1968 .
literature
- Andreas Keil: Pedestrian Bridges. Walkways and ramps. Draft. Construction. Detail, Munich 2012, ISBN 978-3-920034-63-8 , p. 36.
- Gerhard Mehlhorn (Ed.): Handbook Bridges: Designing, Constructing, Calculating, Building and Maintaining. Springer, Berlin / Heidelberg 2010, ISBN 978-3-642-04422-9 , pp. 190–191 and 226–229.
- Three countries, one bridge. Dreiländerbrücke in Weil am Rhein . in: Steeldoc. Bauen in Stahl , Zurich 2008, pp. 16–19. ( here online )
- 11th engineering prize from Ernst & Sohn 2008 . Ernst & Sohn Verlag for Architecture and Technical Sciences GmbH & Co. KG, 2009, pp. 13–15. ( here online )
- Ursula Baus, Mike Schaich: Footbridges. Birkhäuser Verlag, 2007, ISBN 978-3-7643-8139-4 , pp. 176-177.
- Wolfgang Strobl, Imre Kovacs, Hans Peter Andrä, Uwe Häberle: A pedestrian bridge with a span of 230 m . in: Stahlbau , 2007, pp. 869–879.
Web links
- Passerelle over the Rhine , project description Büro Feichtinger Architectes
- Great success for a wide arc on nextroom.at
- Dreiländerbrücke Weil am Rhein on lap-consult.com
- Dreiländerbrücke. In: Structurae
- Series of images to swim in the Dreiländerbrücke
Individual evidence
- ↑ Three countries, one bridge. Dreiländerbrücke in Weil am Rhein , p. 17.
- ↑ Dreyland Poet's Path website , accessed on May 19, 2020
- ↑ a b c d e Weil am Rhein. Economy and tourism: The three-country bridge - the most important dates announced on May 18, 2020
- ↑ A pedestrian bridge with a span of 230 m . P. 874.
- ↑ regiotrends.de: 1./2. July: 10 years of the Bridge Festival - varied program and culinary delicacies from France and Germany , accessed on May 19, 2020
- ↑ a b Three countries, one bridge. Dreiländerbrücke in Weil am Rhein , p. 16.
- ↑ A pedestrian bridge with a span of 230 m . Pp. 871-872.
- ↑ solarfaehre-basel.org , accessed on May 19, 2020
- ↑ www.brueckenbaupreis.de ( Memento from March 23, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ Tri-Countries Bridge, Weil am Rhein, Germany, and Huningue, France on iabse.org
- ↑ baulinks.de: Renault Traffic Future Award 2007 decided , accessed on May 19, 2020.
- ↑ eswp.com Arthur G. Hayden Medal , accessed May 19, 2020
- ↑ bridgeweb.com: Footbridge Awards 2008: winners , accessed May 19, 2020
- ↑ Press release from the city of Weil am Rhein: Dreiländerbrücke at the forefront of the Structural Awards 2008 , accessed on May 19, 2020.
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The next bridge upstream: Dreirosenbrücke |
Bridges over the Rhine |
The next bridge downstream: Palmrain Bridge |