Dunabogdány

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Dunabogdány
Dunabogdány coat of arms
Dunabogdány (Hungary)
Dunabogdány
Dunabogdány
Basic data
State : Hungary
Region : Central Hungary
County : pest
Small area until December 31, 2012 : Szentendre
Coordinates : 47 ° 48 '  N , 19 ° 2'  E Coordinates: 47 ° 47 '40 "  N , 19 ° 2' 5"  E
Area : 25.50  km²
Residents : 3,199 (Jan 1, 2011)
Population density : 125 inhabitants per km²
Telephone code : (+36) 26
Postal code : 2023
KSH kódja: 25362
Structure and administration (as of 2016)
Community type : local community
Mayor : Gergely Schuszter (independent)
Postal address : Kossuth L. et al. 76
2023 Dunabogdány
Website :
(Source: A Magyar Köztársaság helységnévkönyve 2011. január 1st at Központi statisztikai hivatal )
Aerial view

Dunabogdány is a Hungarian municipality in Pest County . It belongs to the Szentendre County.

history

Quarry near Dunabogdány

According to archaeological excavations, the community area was already inhabited in the Copper Age. In the vicinity of the Dunabogdány Fort (Castellum cipri in ancient times), several different Roman troop associations and types were stationed over the centuries.

The first written mention, as Bogud , dates from 1285, in the 14th century the village was mentioned as Bogdanryw. After the Turkish rule, Dunabogdány was owned by the Zichy family, and in 1767 they gave the village to the crown possession. At the beginning of the 18th century there was immigration of Germans, in 1724 about 300 Catholic Swabians settled in the area, and in 1767 more newcomers arrived in Dunabodány. The tolerance patent issued by Joseph II in 1781 ensured an intra-denominational balance between the Catholic majority and the Reformed. As a result, an independent Protestant church was built.

In 1812 there were already almost 2,000 inhabitants in the community, which was affected several times, including in 1838, by floods and fire disasters. In the middle of the 19th century, a first quarry was opened on the Csódi in the local andesite deposits , which made stone extraction and stone processing the main source of income. The craft tradition is also reflected in facades and architectural elements. In the quarries, among other things, paving stones and hydraulic engineering rubble stones were mined for the regulation of the Danube ; on a smaller scale, table tops, gravestones and boundary stones as well as steps were made.

Self-image and role of the Danube Swabians

Györgyi Bindorffer made the community the subject of an investigation into the specific historical awareness of the Danube Swabian minority in Hungary, according to him initially a double structure in which both the Swabian and the Hungarian identity had place. This came to a break in the course of the Second World War due to the ethnic German ideology, Pan-Germanism, the Volksbund movement and their consequences. The organization of the pro-national socialist Volksbund of Germans in Hungary began with the agreement concluded in Vienna in 1940 to protect the German minority. The association did not extend to the whole of Hungarian Germanism, it only included a part of the population that was no longer part of the Magyars.

In Hungary the resistance of the German minority to the expulsion was stronger than in other countries of Eastern Europe, there was also support for the expellees from Magyars. The evictions between 1945 and 1947 affected almost 900 people in Dunabogdány, almost every Swabian family was affected, and in some cases evictions took place with an advance warning of only two hours. Due to the chaotic organization, contradicting and changing criteria of the state power in the expulsions and delays in the admission of the displaced in the American zone of occupation, there was not a complete eviction. In addition, wealthier settlers bought themselves free through bribery and were able to stay that way.

The year 1946 was also marked by riots by Hungarians against surviving Jews, real pogroms took place in Kunmadaras and Miskolc as well as in Dunabogdány.

The remaining Danube Swabians were forced to move together and give up considerable shares and property to Hungarians who had been expelled from Slovakia. The common fate, a real hatred of the Slovak Hungarians known as the settlers, reinforced the ethnic identity of those who remained, the village community remained divided for a long time, which was also reflected in the parishes and had a very strong effect until the 1950s. Resistance to land reform, as well as domestic political tensions, lessened the division. Despite a reduction in the number of German speakers, the ethnic (self) classification is still important.

present

Evening mood on the Danube near Dunabogdány

Dunabogdány has a rich musical and club life. The venues include the two churches, a secular community center, a soccer field, the nearby Danube bank, the kindergarten and the elementary school and music school. In addition to the traditional tradition of brass music, a string orchestra, pop music bands and a church choir are also active. Since 1990 the place has been a partner community of the Württemberg Volkbach , which had taken in many former residents of Rudolfsgnad in the Banat after their expulsion and flight.

Individual evidence

  1. a b c d e f The role of history in the life of the Hungarian Germans, the example of Dunabogdány , In M. Erb - E. Knipf - M. Orosz - L. Tarnói (eds.) "And Thut ein Gnügen seine Ambt" Festschrift for Karl Manharz on his 60th birthday. Budapest: ELTE German Institute, 2002. 467–480.
  2. ^ Journal of Crystallography, Mineralogy and Petrography, July 1934, Vol. 46/4, pp. 237–255, About the minerals of the Csódi mountain near Dunabogdány (Hungary), by R. Reichert, J. Erdélyi
  3. ↑ also mentioned in Integrating minorities: traditional communities and modernization, Agnieszka Barszczewska Editura ISPMN, 2011
  4. a b Correct transfer: the expulsion of the Germans after the Second World War. RM Douglas, CHBeck, 2012
  5. ^ The Nazis' Last Victims: The Holocaust in Hungary, Randolph L. Braham , Scott Miller, Wayne State University Press, 2000 p. 155
  6. Dunabogdány - a language island of the Hungarian Germans: Attempt to illustrate the connections between language and society in a Hungarian-German village Kammerer Zsófia VDM Publishing, 2009

Web links

Commons : Dunabogdány  - collection of images, videos and audio files