Szentendre

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Szentendre
Szentendre coat of arms
Szentendre (Hungary)
Szentendre
Szentendre
Basic data
State : Hungary
Region : Central Hungary
County : pest
Small area until December 31, 2012 : Szentendre
Coordinates : 47 ° 40 '  N , 19 ° 5'  E Coordinates: 47 ° 39 '55 "  N , 19 ° 4' 39"  E
Height : 110  m
Area : 43.83  km²
Residents : 25,963 (Jan. 1, 2011)
Population density : 592 inhabitants per km²
Telephone code : (+36) 26
Postal code : 2000, 2001
KSH kódja: 15440
Structure and administration (as of 2020)
Community type : city
Mayor : Zsolt Fülöp (Társaság az Élhető Szentendrért (TESZ))
Postal address : Városház tér 1–3
2000 Szentendre
Website :
(Source: A Magyar Köztársaság helységnévkönyve 2011. január 1st at Központi statisztikai hivatal )
Serbian Orthodox Church of the Transfiguration (Preobrazsenszka)
View over Sankt-Andrä with the Serbian Orthodox Church of the Annunciation

Szentendre [ ˈsɛntɛndrɛ ] ( German Sankt Andrä ) is a Hungarian city ​​in Pest County . Due to its proximity to Budapest , the charming baroque cityscape and the location on the Danube , it is one of the most popular tourist destinations in Hungary.

location

Szentendre is located 20 km northwest of Budapest on the right (western) bank of a branch of the Danube, the Szentendrei Duna .

Szentendre is located on the eastern slope of the Hungarian low mountain range, which divides the Pannonian Plain into two parts. The opposite Szentendre Island (Szentendrei Sziget; German Sankt-Andrä-Insel) and the country east of the main arm of the Danube already belong to the Great Hungarian Plain .

history

The area around Szentendre was already inhabited in the Stone Age. Excavations in the urban area reveal settlements that are 20,000 years old. Later Illyrians settled there , followed by the Eravisker , a Celtic tribe. Under Emperor Augustus , the Romans conquered the region in the 1st century AD. In the urban area of ​​today's Szentendre they founded Ulcisia Castra (wolf camp ), a fort around which a camp village (vicus) with burial ground quickly developed. In the 4th century, the Roman garrison occupied by auxiliary troops ( Auxilia ) was renamed Castra Constantia and, in the Valentine period, was to receive a counter-fortress on the other bank of the Danube with the fort Göd-Bócsaújtelep , which was never completed. Today open-air ethnographic museum was established at the beginning of the 3rd century in several phases, a 5200 square meters large Roman Villa, Villa Rustica ) , one of the largest in Pannonia , which up to 380-390 n. Chr existed. And was subsequently abandoned. The structural remains of the complex can be viewed ( Villa Rustica Szentendre-Skanzen ).

In the 5th century, the migration of peoples destroyed the border protection system in the vicinity of the settlement, which consisted of camps and watchtowers. The settlement was an important place under the Longobards and especially the Avars who followed them . Various finds have been preserved from this period, including rings, earrings, weapons, iron stirrups and Byzantine gold coins. They come from a local burial ground.

At the time of the Hungarian conquest, Szentendre was occupied by the Hungarian Kurszán in 895 . The town was first mentioned in 1009. Located on a hill, the Church of St. Andrew, which gave the place its name was: from Latin Sankt Andrae was Hungarian Szentendre , German St. Andrew , Serbian Сентандреја (Sentandreja) , Slovak Senondrej and Croatian Sentandrija . The houses of the city were grouped around the church hill. In the 14th century the small town, which had grown in size and importance due to its convenient location between the centers of Buda and Visegrád , was fortified.

In 1541 the Turks captured the nearby Buda fortress; the country came under Ottoman rule. During the Turkish wars and the Turkish rule in the 16th and 17th centuries, the population fell sharply. When the city of Belgrade was recaptured by the Turks in 1690, the Serbs living there had to flee. Around 6,000 of them settled in Szentendre, granted privileges by Emperor Leopold I. In the period that followed, the city was filled with other emigrants, including from Dalmatia , Greece and Bosnia . With the Peace of Karlowitz in 1699, the hope of these new settlers to return to their home countries was dashed. In the 18th century the permanent churches and permanent houses of the various ethnic and religious communities were built, to which the city owes its baroque character to this day.

In the 19th century a large part of the Serbian population returned to their homeland, their share of the population sank from 45% to below 20%. Hungarians, Danube Swabians , most of whom came from Franconia , and Slovaks took their place . Some of their Serbian Orthodox churches have been converted into Catholic and Reformed churches. During the industrial revolution in the 19th century, Szentendre retained its character as a tranquil small town. In 1888, Szentendre was connected to Budapest with a suburban railway.

In 1926, Szentendre became the place of activity of an artists' colony. Its members have been working there since then and offer their works to the public in local galleries and exhibitions. In the 1990s the city opened up to tourism. In recent years this factor has determined the cityscape with an international audience and the usual side effects such as hotels, restaurants, cafes and small shops.

Religions

Of seven Szentendres churches, all of which were built in the 18th century with the exception of the Catholic parish church (13th / 14th century), four are still owned by the Serbian Orthodox Church , namely the churches: Pozsarevacska (Church of St. Archangel Michael ), the Blagoviesterka (Church of the Annunciation), the Preobrazsenszka (Church of the Transfiguration) and the Cathedral of the Assumption, also called Saborna and Belgrade Cathedral .

The Church of St. Peter and Paul took over the Roman Catholic Church, the Reformed Church took over the Opovacska Church and the Church of the Descent of the Holy Spirit (Zbeška Crkva) took over the Greek Catholic Church.

Town twinning

Szentendre has had a partnership with Wertheim ( Baden-Württemberg , Germany ) since 1989 .

Culture and sights

  • Christmas atmosphere on the Fő tér (main square) with the illuminated Blagovstenszka templom (Orthodox Church)

  • Plague column on the Fő tér (main square)

  • Cross on the plague column

  • Marzipan Museum

  • Church hill with Roman Catholic church

  • Serbian Orthodox Belgrade Cathedral

  • reformed Church

  • Sunset, one of the seven churches of Szentendre

  • Evening mood on the Danube promenade

  • town hall

  • Busy tourism in the city

Museums

Skanzen, Szentendre
In 2012, an old mansion on Kossuth-Lajos-Straße was converted into the new Károly Ferenczy Museum.
  • The ethnographic open-air museum Szabadtéri Néprajzi Múzeum (Ethnographic Open-Air Museum), built in 1967 , 1 km northwest of Szentendre, illustrates the rural architecture and living culture of Hungary. There are 80 houses, three churches, 200 farm buildings, several bridges and a variety of traditional utensils and art objects on display.
  • The Margit Kovács collection , in a baroque house from 1750, shows works by the ceramic artist Margit Kovács (1902–1977), who belonged to the Szentendre artists' colony.
  • The Kmetty Museum.
  • The Szentendre Gallery shows exhibitions of contemporary art.
  • The Lajos Vajda Museum shows works by Lajos Vajda (1908–1941), who captured the hopelessness of the Hungarian interwar period in pictures
  • Czóbel Museum. Béla Czóbel (1883–1976) was an expressionist and fauvist artist.
  • The Károly Ferenczy Museum , built in 1951 on Fő Square in a historic baroque building (old Serbian school, 1793), shows in its branch, the Roman open-air lapidarium on Dunakanyar Ring, many stone monuments from the ancient Ulcisia Castra or Castra Constantia . On October 1, 2010, the previous museum building on Fő Square was returned to the local Serbian Orthodox Church as compensation. The collections themselves moved to a much larger restored mansion on Kossuth-Lajos-Straße in 2012. You can see Hungarian handicrafts as well as works by the impressionist painter Károly Ferenczy and his children, the sculptor Béni Ferenczy and the tapestry artist Noémi Ferenczy . One of the city's most famous sons, the archaeologist Sándor Soproni , was the museum director from 1951 to 1961.
  • The pastry museum deals, among other things, with the world-famous Hungarian Dobo cake .
  • The Ámos Imre – Anna Margit Museum shows works by these two artists

Buildings

Culinary specialties

  • National Wine Museum
  • Szabó marzipan museum in the center of the village offers marzipan in all imaginable forms

traffic

Road No. 11 connects Szentendre to the north with Vác, 20 km away, and with Esztergom . In a southerly direction you can reach nearby Budapest in the same direction. Budapest can also be reached very quickly via the frequent suburban railway ( HÉV ) . There is heavy commuter traffic to and from Budapest in the mornings and evenings.

A small car ferry runs to the opposite Szentendre Island a little north of the town center.

sons and daughters of the town

literature

  • Gyula Tahin, Stojan Vujičić: Szentendre. 4th edition, Corvina, Budapest 1990, ISBN 963-13-2819-8 .

Web links

Commons : Szentendre  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikivoyage: Szentendre  - travel guide

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Zsolt Visy : The Pannonian Limes in Hungary . Konrad Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart 1988, ISBN 3-8062-0488-8 , p. 78.
  2. ^ Ádám Szabó , Endre Tóth : Bölcske. Roman inscriptions and finds - In memoriam Sándor Soproni (1926–1995) . Hungarian National Museum, Budapest 2003, (Libelli archaeologici Ser. Nov. No. II), ISBN 963-9046-83-9 , p. 40.
  3. ^ Zsolt Mráv : Castellum contra Tautantum. To identify a late Roman fortress. In: Ádám Szabó, Endre Tóth : Bölcske. Roman inscriptions and finds - In memoriam Sándor Soproni (1926–1995) . Hungarian National Museum, Budapest 2003, (Libelli archaeologici Ser. Nov. No. II), ISBN 963-9046-83-9 , p. 331.
  4. ^ Judit Topál : The import of the so-called Mosel wine ceramics in Pannonia. In: Rei Cretariae Romanae Fautorum Acta. 27/28. Rei Cretariae Romanae Fautores , 1990, p. 177.
  5. ^ Péter Prohászka: New information on the Avar tombs of Szentendre from the estate of Flóris Rómer . In: Acta Archaeologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae . tape 67 , 2016, p. 135-143 .
  6. ↑ Gyula Tahin, Stojan Vujičić, 1990, p. 8 f.
  7. ^ Zsolt Visy: The Pannonian Limes in Hungary . Konrad Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart 1988, ISBN 3-8062-0488-8 , p. 79.