Dark round nose

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Dark round nose
Systematics
Superordinate : Laurasiatheria
Order : Bats (chiroptera)
Superfamily : Horseshoe bat (Rhinolophoidea)
Family : Round-leaf noses (Hipposideridae)
Genre : Old World Round-Leaf Noses ( Hipposideros )
Type : Dark round nose
Scientific name
Hipposideros ater
Templeton , 1848

The dark round-leaf noses ( Hipposideros ater ) is a bat belonging to the genus of the real round-leaf noses ( Hipposideros ), which is distributed from India and Sri Lanka to the Philippines , New Guinea and Northern Australia . The species belongs to the Hipposideros bicolor species complex and was sometimes viewed as a subspecies of H. bicolor in earlier classifications .

The genus name Hipposideros is derived from the Greek words for “horse” (ἴππος) and “iron” (σίδηρος) and means “horseshoe”, a reference to the complex nasal sheet that characterizes the species of the genus. The species name "ater" is Latin for "black" and refers to the relatively black fur color of this species.

features

The dark round-nosed bat is a small round-nosed bat with enormous, wide, round ears. The fur is long and soft. The top is gray-brown to gray, but sometimes also orange. The square nosepiece has a relatively simple shape. The structure of the nasal blade is similar to that of H. cineraceus , but the coloration is similar to that of H. pomona . Specimens from India as well as from Catanduanes have the karyogram 2n = 32, FN = 60 , just like most Hipposideros species.

In the table below, H. ater's measurements from different areas are compiled:

Dimensions Australia New Guinea Supiori Borneo Palawan Catanduanes
Head-torso length (mm) 33-46 45.6 41.5-50.0 - - -
Tail length (mm) - 19.0 27.7-29.1 - - -
Forearm length (mm) 34.5-40.5 40.0-42.8 40.6-42.5 40.4-40.7 39.4-40.4 40-43
Shin length (mm) - 16.9-19.6 16.7-18.5 - - -
Hind foot length (mm) - 8-8.4 - - - -
Ear length (mm) - 19.7-20 16.8-18.2 - - -
Weight (g) 3.4-5.6 8.3 5.9-8.3 - - -

distribution

Distribution area

In Australia, the dark round leaf nose occurs in the extreme north of Western Australia ( Kimberley ), the northern half of the Northern Territory and on Cape York and surrounding areas ( Queensland ). The species has been caught a number of times outside of its normal range in central Queensland and the south of the Northern Territory. In New Guinea , the dark round-leaf nose was only caught in three places, all three in Papua New Guinea . In the vicinity of New Guinea the species occurs on Ambon , the Aru Islands , Biak and Supiori , Buru , Seram , Halmahera , Yap , Kairiru , Morotai , New Britain , New Ireland and Woodlark . There may also be deposits in the Sangihe and Talaud Islands . In the Philippines , the dark round nose was found on Balabac , Bohol , Catanduanes , Leyte , Luzon , Marinduque , Maripipi , Mindanao , Negros and Palawan .

Habitat and behavior

In the Philippines, the species occurs in rainforests from sea level to 1200 meters. The sleeping places are located in caves both in forests and in agricultural areas. In Australia, the animal lives in mangroves and rainforests as well as in dry, open terrain. Like most bat species, the dark round-leaf nose is nocturnal. In Australia she sleeps during the day in caves, mine passages and occasionally in tree hollows, preferably in dark, warm and humid places. The food consists of small flying insects. The bat flies slowly but with great agility. They mate in April, the young are born between October and December and suckled until January.

Subspecies

The dark round leaf nose is divided into a number of subspecies: H. a. amboinensis (PETERS, 1871) from Ambon, H. a. antricola (PETERS, 1861) from the Philippines (including Palawan), H. a. ater of Sri Lanka and India , H. a. aruensis (GRAY, 1858) from the Aru Islands and New Guinea, H. a. gilberti from Australia, H. a. nicobarulae from the Nicobars and H. a. saevus from the area between southern Thailand and the Moluccas . Specimens from Borneo could not be assigned to a specific species, but it appears that H. a. antricola and H. a. saevus have a slightly longer skull. As with H. a. ater and H. a. antricola , some teeth are reduced in size. Only four museum specimens of Borneo are known, of which only one is undamaged.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Simmons, NB 2005. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 312-529 in Wilson, DE & Reeder, DM (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. 3rd ed. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2 vols., 2142 pp. ISBN 0-8018-8221-4
  2. ↑ a b c d e Flannery, TF 1995. Mammals of the South-West Pacific & Moluccan Islands. Chatswood: Reed Books, 464 pp. ISBN 0-7301-0417-6
  3. ↑ a b c d e f Menkhorst, P. & Knight, F. 2001. A Field Guide to the Mammals of Australia. South Melbourne: Oxford University Press, x + 269 pp. ISBN 0-19-550870-X
  4. ↑ a b c d e Flannery, TF 1995. Mammals of New Guinea. Chatswood: Reed Books, 568 pp. ISBN 0-7301-0411-7
  5. ↑ Borissenko, AV & Kruskop, SV 2003. Bats of Vietnam and adjacent territories. An identification manual. Moscow: Zoological Museum of Moscow MV Lomonosov State University, 212 pp.
  6. ↑ Rickart, EA, Mercier, JA & Heaney, LR 1999. Cytogeography of Philippine bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 112 (3): 453-469.
  7. ↑ a b c Hill, JE & Francis, CM 1984. New bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) and new records of bats from Borneo and Malaya. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology Series 47 (5): 305-329.
  8. ↑ Esselstyn, JA, Widman, P. & Heaney, LR 2004. The mammals of Palawan Island, Philippines. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 117 (3): 271-302.
  9. ↑ Heaney, LR, Gonzales, PC, Utzurrum, RCB & Rickart, EA 1991. The mammals of Catanduanes Island: implications for the biogeography of small land-bridge islands in the Philippines. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 104 (2): 399-415.
  10. ↑ a b http://archive.fieldmuseum.org/philippine_mammals/species/SP_107.asp

Web links

Commons : Dark Round Leaf Nose ( Hipposideros ater )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files