Noble warmblood

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Noble warmblood
Statue of Kolibri, probably the most famous stallion of the Noble Warmblood breed

Statue of Kolibri , probably the most famous stallion of the Noble Warmblood breed

Important data
Origin: different races of the German Democratic Republic
Main breeding area: German Democrat republic
Distribution: for reasons of age only individual individuals today
Stick measure : 160-170 cm
Colors : all basic colors
Main application area: Riding and driving horse
Branding
Brand Nobles Warmblood.jpg

The noble warmblood , also known as the noble warmblood of the GDR due to its breeding area , was a German horse breed. It united the riding horse breeds of the German Democratic Republic (GDR) from 1971 to 1990.

Background information on horse evaluation and breeding can be found under: Exterior , interior and horse breeding .

Exterior

The aim of breeding the noble warmblood was to achieve a horse that should have a noble, dry, expressive head. This should be easily attached to the well-worn neck. The lower neck should be weakly muscled, the withers long and pronounced, the back should be firm but swing well; the croup should be well muscled. The aim was a dry foundation with clear joints and good appearance as well as elastic, well-formed hooves.

interior

The aim was a horse that has a tough constitution and can regenerate quickly. It should have benign character traits, with a lively temperament and nervous balance. For use in sports, a suitability for all types of riding and driving sports as well as tourism was sought. For this purpose, the noble warmblood should have rhythmic, expansive movements; The goal was shallow steps in walk and trot and a swinging, balanced canter.

Breeding history

After the Second World War

Refugees, including from East Prussia, brought their horses with them to their new homeland as far as possible
Land reform 1945: horses in the agriculture of the GDR

During the Second World War, horse breeding in what was later to become the GDR had to suffer severe cuts. In addition, many horses went to the Soviet Union as reparations. In return, the population also increased due to the horses that the refugees brought with them from the eastern German regions .

Due to the land reform that took place in the Soviet occupation zone from 1945 onwards , there were now many small farmers. They urgently needed horses for their work in the fields. Therefore, the stock of warm-blooded and cold-blooded stallions in the state studs, which were now called Stallion Depot , was purposefully expanded. At that time, breeding was focused on raising horses for the farms that came into being after the land reform.

In the 1960s there was a change in agriculture in the GDR , which had massive effects on horse breeding: After the creation of agricultural production cooperatives with large fields and increasing mechanization, horses became superfluous in agriculture. The horse population dropped significantly. As a result, the rearing of the foals was not supported by state feed subsidies, and concentrated feed had to be diverted from the capacities of other livestock.

However, under the sponsorship of the Society for Sport and Technology , the use of horses in sport by rural youth increased. As a result, the German Equestrian Association was founded in 1961 under the German Gymnastics and Sport Federation . From the 1960s onwards, thoroughbred horses were increasingly crossed for the export of horses to acquire foreign currency.

A new breed of horse

Breeding goal: sport horse and currency collector - the noble warmblood

As a result of these developments, the Central Office for Horse Breeding at the Ministry of Agriculture of the GDR was set up as the governing body for horse breeding. This organized the reorganization of horse breeding in the 1970s. On January 1, 1971, a new breeding goal for horse breeding in the GDR came into force. The aim was a further standardization of the warmblood population of the GDR, which should lead to a qualitatively higher suitability for sport horses. At the same time, the new brand was introduced, with this the uniform horse breed Nobles Warmblood was established.

From the existing horse breeds, the horses with aptitude for riding and driving were adopted for breeding. Stallion keeping was finally monopolized by the state, and the first farms with the horse breeding branch of production were awarded the “State-approved horse breeding company” (BaP) award.

However, the promotion of equestrian sport in the GDR ended almost at the same time as the change in horse breeding: While the Soviet Union was highly successful in dressage riding until 1991 (for example at the European Dressage Championships ), after the Summer Olympics in 1972, the promotion of equestrian sports in the GDR was discontinued. The dressage team around Horst Köhler , Wolfgang Müller and Gerd Brockmüller was the last team in the GDR at international championships.

In 1971 a central export stable was set up at the stallion depot Neustadt / Dosse . He was responsible for the marketing of sport horses to western countries, around 400 horses were exported each year.

Horse breeding in the new federal states

After 1990, when the federal states were re-established, the old, regional horse breeds were revived. In warmblood breeding, the Mecklenburg warmblood , the Brandenburg warmblood , the Saxony-Anhalt warmblood , the Saxon riding horse and the Thuringian warmblood were bred. The horses of the noble warmblood went on in these breeds.

The stud book of the Mecklenburg Warmblood, for example, defines:

“The breed 'Mecklenburg' includes those breeding horses of the breed 'Noble Warmblood' that were listed in the stud book 'Noble Warmblood' on December 31, 1990 and on 01.01.1991 in the stud book 'Mecklenburg Warmblood' of the Association of Horse Breeders Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania e. V. and their descendants. Furthermore, those breeding horses of the breed 'Noble Warmblood' are valid, which after 01.01.1991 in the stud book 'Mecklenburg Warmblood' of the Association of Horse Breeders Mecklenburg-Vorpommern e. V. were registered as 'Mecklenburgers' if they were drawn on the territory of the former GDR. "

In 2003, the horse breeding associations of the new federal states apart from Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania founded a joint breeding book of origin for their riding horse population with the German sport horse.

Aftermath of the Noble Warmblood

With German reunification, riders and horses now also had the chance to compete in international competition. Well-known examples are for example Gallus (with Christian Zehe participant in the European Eventing Championships in 1991, Horse of the Year 1991) and Missouri (initially successful in sport with Holger Wulschner , in 1996 with Kamal Bahamdan in the Summer Olympics).

The stallion Kolibri was formative for the breeding of the noble warmblood in the 1980s and the successor breeds from the 1990s . This left many offspring in sport up until the 2010s.

See also

Web links

Commons : Noble Warmblood  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c The history of horse breeding in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania from 1945 to the present , diploma thesis by Brit Risch, presented at the University of Rostock in 1995
  2. ^ History of the Moritzburg State Stud
  3. ↑ Cavallo : Horst Köhler - A legend turns 70 ( Memento from June 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
  4. ↑ Announcements of the Association of Horse Breeders Mecklenburg-Vorpommern e. V. for the 2010 breeding season and for the issue of 2010 breeding certificates - valid from January 1st, 2010 ( memento of October 9, 2011 in the Internet Archive ), Association of Horse Breeders Mecklenburg-Vorpommern e. V.