List of European champions in dressage riding

The French rider Hubert Perring with Diabolo Saint Maurice , European Dressage Championships 2009

The European Dressage Championships have been organized by the FEI since 1963 and take place every two years. As is common practice in equestrian competitions, the competitions are not separated by gender.

exams

Until 1991 the European Championships consisted of the Grand Prix and Grand Prix Spécial tests . Since 1991 the Grand Prix Freestyle (internationally known as Grand Prix Freestyle ) has also been included, where riders are ridden to music. The team competition is decided in the Grand Prix, which also serves as qualification for the Grand Prix Spécial. In 1991 and 1993 the Grand Prix Spécial and the Grand Prix Freestyle were two separate individual competitions. H. you could only start in one of the two tests. From 1995 to 2005 there was only one individual competition, all three tests were included in the evaluation, the Grand Prix Spécial served as qualification for the Grand Prix Freestyle. Since 2007 there have been two individual competitions again. The Grand Prix Freestyle can only be ridden by the best of the Grand Prix Spécial, so it is now possible to win two individual medals. For the individual competitions, only the results from the respective test (special or freestyle) count.

particularities

Official European championships were not introduced in dressage until 1963, later than in the two other Olympic equestrian disciplines. From the 1950s, however, the “FEI Grand Prix” was held once a year at different locations. With the victory, the winners achieved a status that came close to that of a European champion.

In the first year of the official European championships, a rider was allowed to start on two horses, which also included the possibility of one participant winning two medals. Henri Chammartin was able to use this opportunity with his horses Wolfdietrich and Wörman and won the gold and bronze medals.

In this first event, the British team would have won the team competition before Romania. However, since the other nations brought a maximum of two riders to the start (three riders are required for a team) and at least three teams were required according to the regulations, no team medals were awarded. Starting with the European Championship in 1965, the German team won the team gold medal at every event. This era only ended in 2007, when another team, the Dutch, managed to win the team championship for the first time.

Until 1967, the European Dressage Championships were held as open championships, so non-European riders could compete and win medals and titles. In 1995, non-European participants could compete, but neither won medals nor titles. As the 2003 European Championships were also a qualifying tournament for the 2004 Olympic Games , the FEI decided to award all medals twice - once for an intra-European and once for an open European championship. The open medals went to Ulla Salzgeber on Rusty (gold), Lisa Wilcox on Relevant (silver) and Jan Brink on Bjorsell's Briar 899 (bronze).

In addition to the western states of Europe, the Soviet Union was also a strong dressage nation, which won medals several times at the European Dressage Championships up to its last participation in 1991. The German Democratic Republic also took part in the 1969 and 1971 events. However, due to the high costs in comparison to the medal yield of the riders in the GDR, the equestrian sport funding was discontinued after the Olympic Games in 1972 in the GDR.

In 2021, for the first time since the first European championships, the two-year rhythm will be deviated from; due to the summer Olympic Games being postponed by a year, a European dressage championship will not take place again until 2023 after 2019.

Individual evaluation

From 2007

		Grand Prix Spécial			Grand Prix Freestyle
year	place	gold	silver	bronze	gold	silver	bronze
2019	Rotterdam	Isabell Werth Bella Rose	Dorothee Schneider Showtime FRH	Cathrine Dufour Cassidy	Isabell Werth Bella Rose	Dorothee Schneider Showtime FRH	Jessica von Bredow-Werndl TSF Dalera BB
2017	Gothenburg	Isabell Werth Weihegold OLD	Sönke Rothenberger Cosmo	Cathrine Dufour Cassidy	Isabell Werth Weihegold OLD	Sönke Rothenberger Cosmo	Cathrine Dufour Cassidy
2015	Aachen	Charlotte Dujardin Valegro	Kristina Bröring-Sprehe Desperados FRH	Hans Peter Minderhoud Glock's Johnson TN	Charlotte Dujardin Valegro	Kristina Bröring-Sprehe Desperados FRH	Beatriz Ferrer Salad Delgado
2013	Herning	Charlotte Dujardin Valegro	Helen Langehanenberg Damon Hill	Adelinde Cornelissen Parzival	Charlotte Dujardin Valegro	Helen Langehanenberg Damon Hill	Adelinde Cornelissen Parzival
2011	Rotterdam	Adelinde Cornelissen Parzival	Carl Hester Uthopia	Laura Bechtolsheimer Mistral Hojris	Adelinde Cornelissen Parzival	Carl Hester Uthopia	Patrik Kittel Scandic
2009	Windsor	Adelinde Cornelissen Parzival	Edward Gal Moorlands Totilas	Laura Bechtolsheimer Mistral Hojris	Edward Gal Moorlands Totilas	Adelinde Cornelissen Parzival	Anky van Grunsven Salinero
2007	La Mandria	Isabell Werth Satchmo	Anky van Grunsven Salinero	Imke Schellekens-Bartels Sunrise	Anky van Grunsven Salinero	Isabell Werth Satchmo	Imke Schellekens-Bartels Sunrise

1995 to 2005

year	place	gold	silver	bronze
2005	Hagen	Anky van Grunsven Salinero	Hubertus Schmidt Wansuela Suerte	Jan Brink Björsell's Briar
2003	Hickstead	Ulla Salzgeber Rusty	Jan Brink Björsell's Briar	Beatriz Ferrer Salad Beauvalais
2001	Verden	Ulla Salzgeber Rusty	Arjen Teeuwissen Goliath T	Nadine Capellmann Colorful
1999	Arnhem	Anky van Grunsven Bonfire	Ulla Salzgeber Rusty	Arjen Teeuwissen Goliath T
1997	Verden	Isabell Werth Gigolo FRH	Anky van Grunsven Bonfire	Karin Rehbein Donnerhall
1995	Mondorf	Isabell Werth Gigolo FRH	Anky van Grunsven Bonfire	Sven Rothenberger Olympic Bo

1991 and 1993

		Grand Prix Spécial			Grand Prix Freestyle
year	place	gold	silver	bronze	gold	silver	bronze
1993	Lipica	Isabell Werth Gigolo FRH	Monica Theodorescu Grunox Tecrent	Emile Faurie Virtu	Nicole Uphoff Herrmann's Grand Gilbert	Sven Rothenberger Andiamo	Gyula Dallo's action
1991	Donaueschingen	Isabell Werth Gigolo FRH	Nicole Uphoff Rembrandt	Margit Otto-Crépin Corlandus	Sven Rothenberger Andiamo	Klaus Balkenhol Goldstern	Nina Menkova Dikson

1963 to 1989

year	place	gold	silver	bronze
1989	Mondorf	Nicole Uphoff Rembrandt	Margit Otto-Crépin Corlandus	Ann-Kathrin Linsenhoff Courage
1987	Goodwood	Margit Otto-Crépin Corlandus	Ann-Kathrin Linsenhoff Courage	Johann Hinnemann Ideal
1985	Copenhagen	Reiner Klimke Ahlerich	Otto Hofer Limandus	Anne Grethe Jensen Marzog
1983	Aachen	Anne Grethe Jensen Marzog	Reiner Klimke Ahlerich	Uwe Sauer Montevideo
1981	Laxenburg	Uwe Schulten-Baumer Madras	Christine Stückelberger Garnet	Gabriela Grillo Galapagos
1979	Aarhus	Elisabeth Theurer Mon Chérie	Christine Stückelberger Garnet	Harry Boldt Woyceck
1977	St. Gallen	Christine Stückelberger Garnet	Harry Boldt Woyceck	Uwe Schulten-Baumer Slibowitz
1975	Kiev	Christine Stückelberger Garnet	Harry Boldt Woyceck	Karin Schlueter Liostro
1973	Aachen	Reiner Klimke Mehmed	Jelena Petuschkowa Pepel	Ivan Kalita tariff
1971	Wolfsburg	Liselott Linsenhoff Piaff	Josef Neckermann Van Eick	Ivan Kisimov Ichor
1969	Wolfsburg	Liselott Linsenhoff Piaff	Ivan Kisimov Ichor	Josef Neckermann Mariano
1967	Aachen	Reiner Klimke Dux	Ivan Kisimov Ichor	Harry Boldt Remus
1965	Copenhagen	Henri Chammartin Wolfdietrich	Harry Boldt Remus	Reiner Klimke Arcadius
1963	Copenhagen	Henri Chammartin Wolfdietrich	Harry Boldt Remus	Henri Chammartin Wörman

Team ranking

year	Place teams	gold	silver	bronze	further placements
2019	Rotterdam	Germany Jessica von Bredow-Werndl TSF Dalera BB Dorothee Schneider Showtime FRH Sönke Rothenberger Cosmo Isabell Werth Bella Rose	Netherlands Anne Meulendijks Avanti Hans Peter Minderhoud Dream Boy Emmelie Scholtens Desperado Edward Gal Zonik	Sweden Antonia Ramel Brother de Jeu Therese Nilshagen Dante Weltino OLD Juliette Ramel Buriel Patrik Kittel Well Done de la Roche	04. Great Britain 5. Denmark 6. Spain 7. Ireland 8. Portugal 9. Russia 10. France 11. Switzerland 12. Austria 13. Finland 14. Belgium 15. Luxembourg  0  0  0  0  0
2017	Gothenburg	Germany Helen Langehanenberg Damsey FRH Dorothee Schneider Sammy Davis Jr. Sönke Rothenberger Cosmo Isabell Werth Weihegold FRH	Denmark Agnete Kirk Thinggaard Jojo AZ Anna Zibrandtsen Arlando Anna Kasprzak Donnerignon Cathrine Dufour Cassidy	Sweden Rose Mathisen Zuidenwind Tinne Vilhelmson Silfvén Paridon Magi Therese Nilshagen Dante Weltino OLD Patrik Kittel Delaunay	04. Great Britain 5. Netherlands 6. Portugal 7. Spain 8. Switzerland 9. Austria 10. France 11. Russia 12. Poland 13. Finland 14. Hungary 15. Ukraine 16. Belarus  0  0  0  0  0
2015	Aachen	Netherlands Patrick van der Meer Uzzo Diederik van Silfhout Arlando Hans Peter Minderhoud Johnson Edward Gal Undercover	Great Britain Michael George Eilberg Marakov Fiona Bigwood Orthilia Carl Hester Nip Tuck Charlotte Dujardin Valegro	Germany Jessica von Bredow-Werndl Unee Isabell Werth Don Johnson FRH Matthias Alexander Rath Totilas Kristina Sprehe Desperados FRH	04th Spain 5th Sweden 6th France 7th Russia 8th Denmark 9th Austria 10th Belgium 11th Portugal 12th Switzerland 13th Finland 14th Luxembourg 15th Norway 16th Ukraine 17th Poland 18th Italy  0  0  0  0  0
2013	Herning	Germany Fabienne Lütkemeier D'Agostino Isabell Werth Don Johnson FRH Kristina Sprehe Desperados FRH Helen Langehanenberg Damon Hill NRW	Netherlands Danielle Heijkoop Siro Hans Peter Minderhoud Romanov Edward Gal Undercover Adelinde Cornelissen Parzival	Great Britain Gareth Hughes Nadonna Michael George Eilberg Half Moon Delphi Carl Hester Uthopia Charlotte Dujardin Valegro	04. Denmark 5. Sweden 6. Austria 7. Belgium 8. France 9. Switzerland 10. Finland 11. Portugal 12. Italy 13. Norway 14. Luxembourg  0  0  0  0  0
2011	Rotterdam	Great Britain Emile Faurie Elmegardens Marquis Charlotte Dujardin Valegro Carl Hester Uthopia Laura Bechtolsheimer Mistral Hojris	Germany Helen Langehanenberg Damon Hill NRW Christoph Koschel Donnperignon Isabell Werth El Santo NRW Matthias Alexander Rath Totilas	Netherlands Sander Marijhaben Moedwill Hans Peter Minderhoud Nadine Edward Gal Sisther de Jeu Adelinde Cornelissen Parzival	04. Sweden 5. Spain 6. Denmark 7. Finland 8. Austria 9. Poland 10. Belgium 11. Norway 12. Portugal 13. Italy 14. Switzerland 15. France 16. Russia  0  0  0  0  0
2009	Windsor 12	Netherlands Imke Schellekens-Bartels Sunrise Adelinde Cornelissen Parzival Anky van Grunsven Salinero Edward Gal Moorlands Totilas	Great Britain Maria Eilberg Two Sox Carl Hester Liebling II Laura Bechtolsheimer Mistral Hojris Emma Hindle Lancet	Germany Susanne Lebek Potomac Ellen Schulten-Baumer Donatha S Matthias Alexander Rath Sterntaler-Unicef Monica Theodorescu Whisper	04. Sweden 5. Denmark 6. Austria 7. Spain 8. Belgium 9. Portugal 10. Italy 11. Poland 12. France  0  0  0  0  0
2007	La Mandria 12	Netherlands Hans Peter Minderhoud Exquis Nadine Laurens van Lieren Hexagon's Ollright Anky van Grunsven Salinero Imke Schellekens-Bartels Sunrise	Germany Monica Theodorescu Whisper Ellen Schulten-Baumer Donatha S Nadine Capellmann Elvis VA Isabell Werth Satchmo	Sweden Per Sandgaard Orient Louise Nathhorst Isidor Tinne Vilhelmson Silfvén Solos Carex Jan Brink Björsell's Briar	04. Switzerland 5. Great Britain 6. Denmark 7. Russia 8. Austria 9. France 10. Spain 11. Portugal 12. Belgium  0  0  0  0  0
2005	Hagen 14	Germany Klaus Husenbeth Piccolino Ann-Kathrin Linsenhoff Sterntaler-Unicef Hubertus Schmidt Wansuela Suerte Heike Kemmer Bonaparte	Netherlands Laurens van Lieren Hexagon's Ollright Edward Gal Lingh Anky van Grunsven Salinero Sven Rothenberger Barclay II	Spain Ignacio Rambla Distiguido 2 José Ignacio López Nevado Santa Clara Juan Antonio Jiménez Guizo Beatriz Ferrer salad Beauvalais	04. Sweden 5. Great Britain 6. Denmark 7. France 8. Switzerland 9. Russia 10. Austria 11. Portugal 12. Poland 13. Belgium 14. Belarus  0  0  0  0  0
2003	Hickstead 14	Germany Ulla Salzgeber Rusty Heike Kemmer Bonaparte Klaus Husenbeth Piccolino Isabell Werth Satchmo	Spain Beatriz Ferrer salad Beauvalais Rafael Soto Andrade Invasor Ignacio Rambla Distinguido Juan Antonio Jiménez Guizo	Great Britain Emma Hindle Like Weltmeyer Nicola McGivern Active Walero Richard Davison Ballaseyr Royale Emile Faurie Rascher Hopes	04. Netherlands 5. Sweden 6. Denmark 7. Austria 8. Canada 9. Switzerland 10. Russia 11. Australia 12. Finland 13. France 14. Belarus  0  0  0  0  0
2001	Verden 10	Germany Nadine Capellmann Colorful Heike Kemmer Albano 7 Ulla Salzgeber Rusty 47 Isabell Werth Anthony FRH	Netherlands Ellen Bontje Gestion Silvano N Arjen Teeuwissen Gestion Goliath T Gonnelien Rothenberger Jonggor's Weyden Anky van Grunsven Gestion Idool	Denmark Jon Pedersen Esprit De Valdemar Lone Jörgensen FBW Kennedy Lars Petersen Blue Hors Cavan Nathalie zu Sayn-Wittgenstein Fantast S	04. Spain 5. Sweden 6. Great Britain 7. Austria 8. Italy 9. France 10. Russia  0  0  0  0  0
1999	Arnhem 12	Germany Nadine Capellmann Gracioso 008 Alexandra Simons-de Ridder Chacomo 003 Ulla Salzgeber Rusty Isabell Werth Antony FRH	Netherlands Anky van Grunsven Gestion Bonfire Ellen Bontje Gestion Silvano N Coby van Baalen Olympic Ferro Arjen Teeuwissen Yakumo's Goliath T	Denmark Lone Jörgensen FBW Kennedy Lars Petersen Blue Hors Cavan Jon Pedersen Esprit d'Valdemar Anne van Olst-Koch Any How	04. Spain 5. Great Britain 6. Switzerland 7. Sweden 8. France 9. Russia 10. Austria 11. Ireland 12. Belarus  0  0  0  0  0
1997	Verden 9	Germany Isabell Werth Gigolo FRH Karin Rehbein Donnerhall Ulla Salzgeber Rusty Nadine Capellmann Gracioso	Netherlands Sven Rothenberger Jonggor's Weyden Gonnelien Rothenberger Olympic Bo Anky van Grunsven Gestion Bonfire Ellen Bontje Gestion Silvano N	Sweden Jan Brink Kleber Martini Louise Nathhorst LRF Walk on Top Annette Solmell Flyinge Strauss Ulla Håkansson Flyinge Bobby	04. Spain 5. Russia 6. France 7. Switzerland 8. Great Britain 9. Finland  0  0  0  0  0
1995	Mondorf 14	Germany Nicole Uphoff-Becker Rembrandt Borbet Klaus Balkenhol Goldstern Isabell Werth Gigolo FRH Martin Schaudt Durgo	Netherlands Tineke Bartels-de Vries Olympic Barbria Ellen Bontje Gestion Silvano N Sven Rothenberger Olympic Bo Anky van Grunsven Cameleon Bonfire	France Dominique Brieussel Acacia Dominique d'Esme Arnoldo Thor Margit Otto-Crépin Lucky Lord Marie-Helène Syre Marlon	04. Sweden 5. Switzerland 6. Spain 7. Denmark 8. Great Britain 9. Austria 10. Italy 11. Slovenia 12. Australia 13. Poland 14. Japan  0  0  0  0  0
1993	Lipica 9	Germany Isabell Werth Gigolo FRH Monica Theodorescu Grunox Tecrent Klaus Balkenhol Goldstern Nicole Uphoff Herrmann's Grand Gilbert	Great Britain Emile Faurie Virtu Laura Fry Quarryman Richard Davison Master JCB Ferdi Eilberg Arun Tor	Netherlands Gonnelien Rothenberger Ideaal Suzanne van Cuyk Mr Jackson Leida Strijk Bollvorm's W Jewel Jeanette Haazen Windsor JH	04. Switzerland 5. Denmark 6. Sweden 7. Italy 8. Austria 9. Slovenia  0  0  0  0  0
1991	Donaueschingen 10	Germany Isabell Werth Gigolo FRH Nicole Uphoff Rembrandt Borbet Klaus Balkenhol Goldstern Sven Rothenberger Andiamo	Soviet Union Nina Menkova Dikson Juri Kowschow Buket Inna Zhurakovskaya Podgon Olga Klimko Shipovnik	Netherlands Anky van Grunsven Olympic Bonfire Sjef Janssen Bo Tineke Bartels-de Vries Olympic Duphar's Corage Ellen Bontje Olympic Larius	04. Sweden 5. Italy 6. France 7. Switzerland 8. Denmark 9. Austria 10. Great Britain  0  0  0  0  0
1989	Mondorf 8	BR Germany Nicole Uphoff Rembrandt 24 Ann-Kathrin Linsenhoff Courage Isabell Werth Weingart Monica Theodorescu Ganimedes	Soviet Union Nina Menkova Dikson Juri Kowschow Bukot Olga Klimko Shipovnik Olga Udodenko	Switzerland Otto Hofer Andiamo Daniel Ramseier Random Samuel Schatzmann Rochus Ulrich Lehmann Xanthos	04. Sweden 5. Netherlands 6. Denmark 7. Great Britain 8. Yugoslavia  0  0  0  0
1987	Goodwood 8	BR Germany Ann-Kathrin Linsenhoff Courage Johann Hinnemann Ideaal Herbert Krug Floriano Gina Capellmann Ampere	Switzerland Daniel Ramseier Orlando CH Otto Hofer Limandus Ulrich Lehmann Xanthos Christine Stückelberger Gauguin de Lully CH	Netherlands Annemarie Sanders-Keijzer   Aubert   Tineke Bartels   Bert Rutten	04. France 5. Sweden 6. Great Britain 7. Finland 8. Italy  0  0  0  0
1985	Copenhagen 8	BR Germany Reiner Klimke Ahlerich Tilmann Meyer zu Erpen Tristan Uwe Sauer Montevideo Uwe Schulten-Baumer Madras	Denmark Anne Grethe Jensen Marzog Ernst Jessen Why Not Torben Ulsø Olsen Patricia Frisman	Soviet Union Olga Klimko   Jelena Petuschkowa   Juri Kowschow   Lanugin	04. Switzerland 5. Great Britain 6. Netherlands 7. Yugoslavia 8. France  0  0  0  0
1983	Aachen 11	BR Germany Uwe Schulten-Baumer Madras Uwe Sauer Montevideo Herbert Krug Muscadeur Reiner Klimke Ahlerich	Denmark Anne Grethe Jensen Marzog Finn Saksø-Larsen Coc D'Or Torben Ulsø Olsen Patricia René Igelski Baloo	Switzerland Otto Hofer Limandus Claire Koch Beau Geste II Christine Stückelberger Agate Amy-Catherine de Bary Aintree	04. Soviet Union 5. Netherlands 6. Yugoslavia 7. Sweden 8. France 9. Austria 10. Italy 11. Romania  0  0  0  0  0
1981	Laxenburg 8	BR Germany Uwe Schulten-Baumer Madras Gabriela Grillo Galapagos Reiner Klimke Ahlerich	Switzerland Christine Stückelberger Granat II Amy-Catherine de Bary Aintree Ulrich Lehmann Widin	Soviet Union Yuri Kowschow   Wera Misewitsch   Nenachova	04. Denmark 5. Great Britain 6. Austria 7. Netherlands 8. Hungary  0  0  0  0
1979	Aarhus 8	BR Germany Gabriela Grillo Ultimo Harry Boldt Woyceck Uwe Schulten-Baumer Slibowitz	Soviet Union Viktor Ugrjumow   Irina Karatzheva   Jelena Petuschkowa	Switzerland Christine Stückelberger Granat II Amy-Catherine de Bary Aintree Ulrich Lehmann Widin	04. Austria 5. France 6. Denmark 7. Netherlands 8. Great Britain  0  0  0  0
1977	St. Gallen 7	BR Germany Harry Boldt Woyceck Gabriela Grillo Ultimo Uwe Schulten-Baumer Slibowitz	Switzerland Christine Stückelberger Granat II Ulrich Lehmann Widin Claire Koch Scorpio	Soviet Union Irina Karatzheva   Kopeykin   Vera Mizewitsch	04. Denmark 5. Netherlands 6. Great Britain 7. Austria  0  0  0
1975	Kiev 5	BR Germany Harry Boldt Woyceck Karin Schlueter Liostro Ilsebill Mug Mitsouko	Soviet Union Ivan Kalita   Kopeykin   Jelena Petuschkowa Pepel	Switzerland Christine Stückelberger Granat II Ulrich Lehmann Widin Doris Ramseier Roch	04. Denmark 5. Bulgaria  0
1973	Aachen 5	BR Germany Reiner Klimke Mehmed Karin Schlueter Liostro Liselott Linsenhoff Piaff	Soviet Union Iwan Kalita   Iwan Kisimow   Jelena Petuschkowa Pepel	Switzerland Christine Stückelberger Merry Boy II Marita Aeschbacher Charlamp Hermann Dür Sod	04. Great Britain 5. Austria  0
1971	Wolfsburg 5	BR Germany Liselott Linsenhoff Piaff Reiner Klimke Dux Josef Neckermann Mariano	Soviet Union Iwan Kalita   Iwan Kisimow   Jelena Petuschkowa Pepel	Sweden Maud from Rosén Lucky Boy Ulla Håkansson Ajax Lindgren	04. German Democratic Republic 5. Austria  0
1969	Wolfsburg 4	BR Germany Liselott Linsenhoff Piaff Reiner Klimke Dux Josef Neckermann Mariano	German Democratic Republic Horst Köhler   Wolfgang Müller   Gerhard Brockmüller	Soviet Union Iwan Kalita   Iwan Kisimow   Jelena Petuschkowa Pepel	04. Denmark
1967	Aachen 8	BR Germany Reiner Klimke Dux Harry Boldt Remus Josef Neckermann Mariano	Soviet Union Kopeykin   Iwan Kisimow   Jelena Petuschkowa Pepel	Switzerland Henri Chammartin Wolfdietrich Marianne Gossweiler Stephan Hansrüdi Thomi Mekka	04. Sweden 5. Romania 6. Great Britain 7. Netherlands 8. United States  0  0  0  0
1965	Copenhagen 3	BR Germany Reiner Klimke Arcadius Harry Boldt Remus Josef Neckermann Antoinette	Switzerland Henri Chammartin Wolfdietrich Gustav Fischer Forest Marianne Gossweiler Stephan	Soviet Union Iwan Kalita   Iwan Kisimow   Jelena Petuschkowa Pepel

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Team placements at the European Championships ( Memento from October 11, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 74 kB)
2. ↑ Ulla Salzgeber and Rusty Retain Their European Crown ( Memento from July 5, 2008 in the Internet Archive ), dressagedaily.com, August 17, 2003 (English)
3. ↑ Press kit: FEI European Dressage Championships Rotterdam (NED), August 17-21, 2011 ( Memento of the original from March 30, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (English) 
4. ↑ Every story has its prehistory , Hannelore Skirde based on contemporary witness statements by Joachim Prokopp, Heinrich Stürmer, Christoph Kundler, Dr. Siegfried Schmolinski and Dietmar Uhlig
5. ↑ FEI European Championships in Olympic & Paralympic disciplines canceled for 2021 , FEI press release, May 8, 2020