Eduard Graeffe

Eduard Graeffe (born December 27, 1833 in Zurich , † April 23, 1916 in Laibach ) was a zoologist and naturalist .

Life

Eduard Graeffe was born in Zurich, where he spent his childhood and youth. His father Karl Heinrich Gräffe was a student of Carl Friedrich Gauß and professor of mathematics and mechanics. Encouraged by his mother and the school teachers, Graeffe found an early interest in investigating nature. In the summer semester of 1853 he began to study medicine and natural sciences at the University of Zurich . During his studies he got to know the Hamburg manufacturer Heinrich Adolph Meyer , who was interested in oceanography. Graeffe spent a study visit with him in Nice , where he examined the sea animals there. The results of these studies led to his doctorate, he was appointed doctor on March 15, 1859. In autumn 1859 he followed HA Meyer to Hamburg, where he researched marine animals and came into contact with the businessman Johan Cesar Godeffroy .

On behalf of Godeffroy, Graeffe left Hamburg on board the barque Sophie at the end of 1861 to explore the nature of the Samoan islands . He first reached Sydney in Australia in early 1862 . After a stay, he took the ship to Apia , where he began his natural research and collection activities. Graeffe sent collected objects for the newly opened Museum Godeffroy to Hamburg by ship. Starting from Apia, the researcher made trips to various South Sea islands, including Mac Keans Island , the archipelago of the Fiji Islands and the islands of the Tonga Archipelago . He published travel reports for these trips.

After ten years in the Pacific, Graeffe took the ship Wandrahm back to Hamburg. Godeffroy planned to publish a journal about the South Seas and offered him to take over the editing. Graeffe agreed and became editor of the Journal of the Museum Godeffroy . He published further articles on the results of his research stay in Samoa and edited various reports by other researchers.

Around 1873 Godeffroy got increasingly into economic difficulties with his enterprises and the journal of the museum came under the influence of the publisher Ludwig Friederichsen . This moved Graeffe to give up his activity in Hamburg and to take the position of director of the aquarium in Vienna . Once there, he soon met his student friend Carl Claus , who, together with Franz Eilhard Schulze , was planning to set up a station for zoological research on the Adriatic . Graeffe stopped working for the Vienna Aquarium and was appointed inspector of the new zoological station in Trieste . From 1875 he set up the station and began to put together a collection of marine animals from the Adriatic. He wrote works on the fauna of the Gulf of Trieste.

Eduard Graeffe was married to Maria Rosa Pancol (* 1838) and had a son (Eduard, * 1864).

Publications

• Observations on radiations and worms in Nice . Printed by Zürcher and Furrer, Zurich 1858 ( catalog.hathitrust.org - dissertation).
• The freshwater aquarium . Short instructions for the best construction and maintenance of the aquariums, as well as a description of the freshwater animals. Otto Meißner, Hamburg 1861 ( catalog.hathitrust.org ).
• A trip to Mac Keans Island . In: Quarterly publication of the Natural Research Society in Zurich . Ninth year. Third booklet. In commission from S. Höhr, Zurich 1864, p. 205-217 ( ngzh.ch ).
• Travel to various islands in the South Pacific . Book printing of the JG Cotta'schen Buchhandlung, Augsburg 1868, doi : 10.3931 / e-rara-8834 .
• Travel in the interior of the island of Viti-Levu . Printed by Zürcher and Furrer, Zurich 1868 ( books.google.de ).
  • The colonization of the Viti Islands and Dr. Eduard Graeffe's journey in the interior of Viti-Levu . In: August Petermann (Hrsg.): Mittheilungen from Justus Perthes' geographical institute about important new researches in the whole area of ​​geography . tape 1869 , no. II , p. 59–69 ( archive.org - The introduction describes colonization).
• Samoa or the Schiffer Islands . In: Journal of the Museum Godeffroy . tape 1 , booklet 1. L. Friederichsen & Co., Hamburg 1873, Section I: Topography of Samoa , p. 1-32 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
• Huahine bird hide . In: Journal of the Museum Godeffroy . tape 1 , booklet 1. L. Friederichsen & Co., Hamburg 1873, p. 48-51 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
• Samoa or the Schiffer Islands . In: Journal of the Museum Godeffroy . tape 1 , booklet 2. L. Friederichsen & Co., Hamburg 1873, Section II: The meteorological phenomena in Samoa , p. 73-83 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
• The Carolinen Island of Yap or Guap . according to the communications of Alf. Tetens and Johann Kubary. In: Journal of the Museum Godeffroy . tape 1 , booklet 2. L. Friederichsen & Co., Hamburg 1873, p. 84-130 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
• Samoa or the Schiffer Islands . In: Journal of the Museum Godeffroy . tape 3 , issue 6, 1873/74. L. Friederichsen & Co., Hamburg 1902, III. Section: Notes on the geological conditions of Samoa , p. 119-122 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
• Samoa or the Schiffer Islands . Section IV: The natives in relation to racial character and diseases. In: Journal of the Museum Godeffroy . Booklet XIV. L. Friederichsen & Co., Hamburg 1879, p. 225-240 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
• Overview of the sea animal fauna of the Gulf of Trieste with notes on occurrence, way of life, appearance and reproduction time of the individual species . I. The echinoderms. In: Works from the Zoological Institute of the University of Vienna and the Zoological Station in Trieste . tape 3/3 . Alfred Hölder, Vienna 1881, p. 333–344 ( PDF on ZOBODAT ).
• Overview of the sea animal fauna of the Gulf of Trieste with notes on occurrence, way of life, appearance and reproduction time of the individual species . II. Coelenterates. In: Works from the Zoological Institute of the University of Vienna and the Zoological Station in Trieste . tape 4/2 . Alfred Hölder, Vienna 1882, p. 313–321 ( PDF on ZOBODAT ).
• Overview of the sea animal fauna of the Gulf of Trieste with notes on occurrence, way of life, appearance and reproduction time of the individual species . III. Coelenterates. In: Works from the Zoological Institute of the University of Vienna and the Zoological Station in Trieste . tape 5/3 . Alfred Hölder, Vienna 1884, p. 333–362 ( PDF on ZOBODAT ).
• Overview of the sea animal fauna of the Gulf of Trieste with notes on occurrence, way of life, appearance and reproduction time of the individual species . IV. Pisces (fish). In: Works from the Zoological Institute of the University of Vienna and the Zoological Station in Trieste . tape 7/2 . Alfred Hölder, Vienna 1887, p. 445-470 ( PDF on ZOBODAT ).
• Overview of the fauna of the Gulf of Trieste with notes on occurrence, way of life, appearance and spawning time of the individual species . V. Crustacea. In: Works from the zoological institutes of the University of Vienna and the zoological station in Trieste . tape 13 . Alfred Hölder, Vienna 1902, p. 33–80 ( PDF on ZOBODAT ).
• Overview of the fauna of the Gulf of Trieste with notes on occurrence, way of life, appearance and spawning time of the individual species . VI. Mollusca. In: Works from the zoological institutes of the University of Vienna and the zoological station in Trieste . tape 14 . Alfred Hölder, Vienna 1902, p. 89–136 ( PDF on ZOBODAT ).
• The apid fauna of the Austrian coastal region . In: Negotiations of the Imperial-Royal Zoological-Botanical Society in Vienna . 52 (born 1902). A. Hölder, Vienna 1902, p. 113–135 ( PDF on ZOBODAT , biodiversitylibrary.org ).
• Overview of the fauna of the Gulf of Trieste as well as notes on occurrence, appearance and spawning time of the individual species . VIII. Molluscoidea (Brachiostomata JV Crs.). In: Works from the zoological institutes of the University of Vienna and the zoological station in Trieste . tape 15/1 . Alfred Hölder, Vienna 1904, p. 97–112 ( PDF on ZOBODAT ).
• Overview of the fauna of the Gulf of Trieste as well as notes on occurrence, appearance and spawning time of the individual species . X. Vermes. I. part. In: Works from the zoological institutes of the University of Vienna and the zoological station in Trieste . tape 15/2 . Alfred Hölder, Vienna 1905, p. 317-332 ( PDF on ZOBODAT ).
• About two new Cynips species and their galls . In: Negotiations of the Imperial-Royal Zoological-Botanical Society in Vienna . 55 (born 1905). A. Hölder, Vienna 1905, p. 370–373 ( PDF on ZOBODAT , biodiversitylibrary.org ).
• Contributions to the insect fauna of Tunis . In: Negotiations of the Imperial-Royal Zoological-Botanical Society in Vienna . 56 (born 1906). A. Hölder, Vienna 1906, p. 446–471 ( PDF on ZOBODAT , biodiversitylibrary.org ).

literature

• Eduard Graeffe: My biography was written when I was 80 years old . In: Hans Schinz (Hrsg.): Quarterly publication of the natural research society in Zurich . Sixty-first year, first and second issue. on commission from Beer & Co., Zurich 1916, p. 1-39 ( ngzh.ch ).
• Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 . tape 2 (serial 6), 1957, p. 42 ( biographien.ac.at [PDF]).
• Eduard (Eduardo) Heinrich Gräffe . In Herbert Weidner : History of Entomology in Hamburg , (in: Treatises and negotiations of the Natural Science Association in Hamburg, Vol. IX), Commission publisher Cram, de Gruyter & Co., Hamburg, 1967, pp. 144–149.
• Jan-Peter Frahm, Jens Eggers: Lexicon of German-speaking bryologists . Books on Demand, 2001, ISBN 3-8311-0986-9 , pp. 148 ( reading sample ).
• The researchers of the Museum Godeffroy - Biographien, II. Eduard Graeffe in: Treatises of the natural science association in Hamburg. Birgit Scheps: The sold museum. The South Sea companies of the trading house Joh. Ces. Godeffroy & Sohn, Hamburg, and the collections “Museum Godeffroy” , Goecke & Evers, Keltern, Weiler, 2005, ISBN 3-937783-11-3 , pp. 72–86, ( table of contents PDF).

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Matriculation Edition. Graeffe Eduard (Heinrich). In: University of Zurich. Retrieved May 21, 2014 .  
2. ↑ Sophie. (No longer available online.) In: Mariners and ships in Australian Waters. Archived from the original on June 23, 2014 (English, ship notification of the barque Sophie from February 3, 1862 in Sydney; original document ).