Eduard Meyer (domain tenant)

Eduard Meyer (born November 13, 1859 in Hanover , † January 30, 1931 in Schwöbber near Hameln , Lower Saxony) was a German landowner, domain councilor, and plant and animal breeder.

Life

Meyer came from a long-established merchant family and after ten years of schooling began an agricultural apprenticeship in Lutter am Barenberge and in Griefstedt (Prov. Saxony, Thuringia from 1945). This was followed by one year of military service with the Strasbourg Uhlans. He was a guest auditor in natural and political science lectures at the University of Strasbourg. He then completed his professional training as an administrator in Hoym (Anhalt) and with Baron von Hake on the Eggersen domain near Hameln.

On March 15, 1885, Meyer took over the ducal Saxon-Gothaischen domain Friedrichswerth with the Vorwerk Neufrankenroda , then further goods in Sonneborn , Wangenheim , later leases in Döllstädt and Kleinfahner (cultivated area 1915: together about 1,650 ha). From 1912 to 1918 Meyer owned his own estate in Schönwalde (East Prussia). In 1920 he acquired Schwöbber Castle and the associated Schwöbber manor near Aerzen near Hameln, where he retired in 1924 and also focused on seed propagation, pigs and sheep breeding. He had the palace and park extensively restored. The grave of Eduard Meyer and his wife Helene, née von Wangenheim , is located in Schwöbber on the family's own cemetery between the palace and the manor.

Focus of his activity

With the beginning of the lease (1885) Meyer expanded the sugar beet cultivation and tried the production of fine seeds. In 1887 he set up a seed breeding station and began breeding fodder beets, cereals, grain legumes and potatoes. The following new varieties were created in Friedrichswerth:

• Fodder beet : Fr. (Friedrichswerther) Zuckerwalze, Fr.
• Winter barley : Fr. mountain winter barley
• Wheat : Fr. mountain gold wheat, Fr. mountain coarse grain wheat, Fr. summer wheat, Fr. Squarehead
• Winter rye : Ms. mountain rye
• Oats : Ms. Berg-Hafer
• Pea : Fr. Mountain Victoria pea
• Field bean : Fr. Berg-Viehbohne
• Potatoes : July crown, Eldorado crown, Wohltmann crown

The seeds were distributed in central Germany and made Friedrichswerth very well known.

After the start of the lease, Eduard Meyer bought the majority of the breeding pig herd of his "teacher" von Hake from Eggersen in the summer of 1885 and moved them to Friedrichswerth. Hake had crossed his country pigs with Yorkshire boars since 1870. The purchase comprised 88 sows and five breeding boars. Meyer continued this breeding process by using more "English-blooded" boars and made a decisive contribution to the creation and naming of the new breed by describing his herd as a stock breed of the " large white noble pig ". This name was declared binding from 1904 by the German Agricultural Society (DLG). At her traveling exhibitions, which took place almost annually from 1887, Eduard Meyer presented his breeding pigs to the critical scrutiny of the judges. The Friedrichswerth herd of noble pigs achieved a total of 284 prizes with 38 gold or silver medals at 27 such exhibitions up to 1929. Eduard Meyer ran horse breeding (Belgian draft horse breed), sheep breeding (Merinoland sheep) and cattle breeding (Höhenfleckvieh, later also black and white lowland cattle) on his domains. His primary concern was the good utilization of the feed produced in his own farm.

Meyer promoted the breeding products from Friedrichswerth with professional public relations. For example, he published his own agricultural library in nine volumes (1905 to 1912) and the "Friedrichswerther note calendar", later as the "Friedrichswerther writing calendar" for the years 1906 to 1932 (successor to 1943) and edited a textbook on pig breeding in nine editions (1889 to 1931), which appeared in Parey-Verlag.

His strong commitment in the Friedrichswerth area was evident in the construction of a school in Neufrankenroda , a medical center in Sonneborn and the construction of residential buildings for employees. In addition, he campaigned for the rail connection, the establishment of a post office and the supply of electricity to the city of Friedrichswerth. From 1918 he issued emergency money in the form of coins and small banknotes, which are still traded antiquarian today. The formation of subsidiaries such as publishing, magazine sales and advertising for seeds and breeding animals from the Friedrichswerth domain also show initiative.

Eduard Meyer held several honorary positions: Member of the DLG technical committee for the white precious pig; Member of the German Agriculture Council ; Management of the Federation of Farmers ; Member of the state parliament; First chairman of the Gotha Chamber of Agriculture.

Awards

For his great merits, Eduard Meyer was awarded the title of (Saxony-Gothaischer) Domain Councilor (around 1905) and an honorary doctorate (Dr. rer. Nat. Hc) from the United Friedrichs University of Halle-Wittenberg in 1925 . A memorial stone was erected on the road from Friedrichswerth to Brüheim in 1935 to mark the 50th anniversary of the start of the lease.

Publications

• Georg May : Pig breeding: practical instructions for race selection, breeding, nutrition, keeping and fattening of pigs . 1st edition, Berlin: Wiegandt, Hempel & Parey, 1880, 218 pp.
• Georg May: Pig breeding: practical instructions on breed selection, breeding, nutrition, keeping and fattening pigs . 2nd edition published by Eduard Meyer - Berlin: Parey, 1889,
• (Georg) May's pig breeding. Practical instructions for breed selection, breeding, nutrition, keeping and the like Fattening the pigs / Georg May. New edit. by Eduard Meyer, 3rd edition, Berlin: Parey, 1891 220 pp.
• Eduard Meyer: Pig breeding and husbandry ; Friedrichswerth b. Gotha: Self-published by Eduard Meyer, 1890, 99 pp.
• (Georg) May's pig breeding: practical instructions for breed selection, breeding, nutrition, keeping and fattening of pigs , Georg May. New edit. by Eduard Meyer, 4th edition, Berlin: Parey, 1896, 236 pp.
• May's pig breeding: practical guide to breed selection, breeding, nutrition, keeping and fattening of pigs , Georg May. New edit. by Eduard Meyer, 5th edition, Berlin: Parey, 1902, 220 pp.
• Eduard Meyer: Pig breeding and husbandry . Friedrichswerth (Gotha): Meyer, 1905; 104 pp.
• Eduard Meyer: Domain Friedrichswerth . 1905
• May's pig breeding: practical guide to breed selection, breeding, nutrition, keeping and fattening of pigs , Georg May. New edit. by Eduard Meyer, 6th edition, Berlin: Parey, 1907, 217 pp.
• Eduard Meyer: Domain Friedrichswerth in the Duchy of Gotha. 25 years of Thuringian agriculture . Niedersedlitz, 1910, 93 pp.
• Eduard Meyer: Pig breeding: Practical instructions for breed selection, breeding, nutrition, keeping and fattening of pigs . Zugl. 7th edition of (Georg) May's Schweinzucht, Berlin: Parey, 1913, 224 pp.
• Eduard Meyer: About fodder beet cultivation: practical tips; From practice For practice . Friedrichswerth: Verl-Dept. of the state property (approx. 1913)
• Eduard Meyer: About fodder beet cultivation: Useful hints; from years of experience . 4th edition, 76th - 100th thousand, Friedrichswerth: Verl-Abt. of the state property, 1915
• Eduard Meyer: Pig breeding: Practical instructions for breed selection, breeding, nutrition, keeping and fattening of pigs . Zugl. 8th edition of May's Schweinzucht, Berlin: Parey, 1918, 215 pp.
• Eduard Meyer: About winter barley cultivation: Useful hints from many years of experience . 3rd possibly edition - Friedrichswerth: Self-published, 1919
• Eduard Meyer: Pig breeding: Practical instructions for breed selection, breeding, nutrition, keeping and the like. Fattening the pigs . 9. Edit again Ed., Berlin: Parey, 1920, 204 pp
• Eduard Meyer: The importance of fodder beet cultivation . Self-published, 1921, 55 pp.
• Eduard Meyer: About winter barley cultivation: useful hints from many years of experience . N.-O. edition of the 5th probably edition - Friedrichswerth: Self-published, approx. 1923. 55 p .;
• Eduard Meyer: The winter barley cultivation . 6th edition, Friedrichswerth, 1926–1927; 50 p .;
• Eduard Meyer: Why is winter barley grown? , Friedrichswerth, approx. 1926, 56 p .;
• Eduard Meyer: About fodder beet cultivation: Useful hints from many years of experience . Friedrichswerth, 1928, 76 pp.
• Domain Councilor Dr. hc Eduard Meyer on his 70th birthday . 1929
• Eduard Meyer: About fodder beet cultivation: Useful hints from many years of experience . 9th edition, 167th - 176th thousand, Eisenach: Kahle, 1929, 76 pp.
• Eduard Meyer: Pig breeding: Practical instructions for breed selection, breeding, nutrition, keeping and the like. Fattening the pigs . 10. Edit again Ed., Berlin: Parey, 1931, 191 p .; Eduard Meyer has edited 9 editions of the textbook "Pig Breeding".
• Eduard Meyer: Pig breeding: Practical instructions for the selection, breeding, keeping, feeding and fattening of pigs, including building stalls and diseases . 11. Edit again Edition by Heinrich Lüthge., Berlin: Parey, 1943, 197 pp.
• Eduard Meyer: Pig breeding: Practical instructions for the selection, breeding, keeping, feeding and fattening of pigs, including building stalls and diseases . 12. Re-edit Ed., Supplemented and reviewed by Joachim Kliesch, Berlin: Parey, 1949, 208 pp.
• Agricultural library, edited by Eduard Meyer, Friedrichswerth,
  • 1st - 3rd Band Friedrichswerth (Gotha, available from Thiemanns Hofbuchhandlung)
  • 1. Pig breeding and husbandry. From Eduard Meyer. (100 pp.), 1905
  • 2. Horse breeding (Part I) General and breeding of cold-blooded horses
  • I. section by Simon v. Nathusius
  • Section II by Felix Hoesch (144 pages), 1906
  • 3. Horse breeding (part II)
  • The breeding of the warm-blooded horse. From Oetken (176 pp.), 1906
  • 4-9 Volume: Friedrichswerth (Gotha), Eduard Meyer (only available directly)
• Friedrichswerther note calendar (later Fr. writing calendar). Friedrichswerth (Gotha), linked to the agricultural library. 38 volumes were published (for the years 1906 to 1943)
• About fodder beet growing. Useful hints from many years of experience . 9th edition in Eduard Meyer GmbH Friedrichswerth (Thür.), 1929, 76 pp.

literature

• Theophil Gerber: personalities from agriculture, forestry, horticulture and veterinary medicine . In: Biographical Lexicon . Dyck & Westerheide, 4th ext. Edition, 2014, Berlin, p. 505, ISBN 978-3-936735-67-3
• Bibliographical catalog of the Friedrich Schiller University Jena.
• Sigrid Meyer and Lienhard Rösler: Eduard Meyer . In: Biographical Lexicon for the History of Plant Breeding , 2nd part. Edited by Gerhard Röbbelen, Verlag Liddy Halm, Göttingen (2002), pp. 206–208.
• EA Brödermann and G. Freyer: The development of the German white noble pig, its breeding, assessment and distribution . DLG-Verlag (1930).
• 50 years of Friedrichswerther animal and plant breeding - a special day in Thuringia . In: Wochenblatt der Landesbauernschaft Thüringen (1935), no. 12 p. 17.
• Erika Thiele: The importance of Friedrichswerth for German noble pig breeding and the development of breeding after 1945 . Diploma thesis at the Humboldt University Berlin (1956).
• Conrad Pieper: What faith does in pig breeding . In: Communications from the Association of German Pig Breeders , (1911), pp. 153–155.
• Hans Hochberg and Hartmut Boettcher: 150 years of Eduard Meyer, Friedrichswerth . Lecture at the ceremony on November 14, 2009 in Friedrichswerth.
• Hartmut Boettcher : Eduard Meyer, Friedrichswerth (1859-1931) . In: Breeder personalities German Pig Museum Ruhlsdorf .
• Hartmut Boettcher: Edelschweinzucht Friedrichswerth near Gotha (1885 - 1965) . Archive Pig Breeding German Pig Museum Ruhlsdorf, 2004, 2007, 2020,
• Hartmut Boettcher, Ernst Ritter and Rolf Kürbs: The development of pig breeding in Thuringia . In: 4. History booklet of the Thuringian State Agency for Agriculture (TLL) , (1997) pp. 47–80. -
• Hartmut Boettcher: Eduard Meyer (1859-1931) . In: Lebenswege in Thüringen , 4th collection, 2011, Jena, pp. 241 - 244, ISBN 978-3-939718-57-4 .
• Joachim Neider: The Friedrichswerth domain from 1885 to 1945 (in pictures of the Meyer family, Schwöbber). Lecture by the Heimatverein Friedrichswerth on October 26, 2019 in the Friedrichswerth clubhouse.

Web links

• Literature in the pig museum Ruhlsdorf: historical contributions
• Literature by and about Eduard Meyer in the catalog of the German National Library