Friedrichswerth

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Friedrichswerth
Rural community of Nessetal
Coat of arms of Friedrichswerth
Coordinates: 50 ° 59 ′ 40 ″  N , 10 ° 32 ′ 36 ″  E
Height : 257 m
Area : 4.9 km²
Residents : 474  (December 31, 2017)
Population density : 97 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : 1st January 2019
Postal code : 99869
Area code : 036254
The baroque Friedrichswerth Palace
Church in Friedrichswerth

Friedrichswerth (until 1685 "Erffa") is a district of the rural community Nessetal in the Thuringian district of Gotha .

Geographical location

Friedrichswerth is located on the right bank of the Nesse in a fertile valley that is surrounded by small hills to the south and west and which gradually widens to the northwest. The so-called "Nessetalwind" blows for most of the year, following the course of the Nesse, heading from east to west and vice versa. In the west you can see the legendary Great Hörselberg and in the south the Inselsberg , Thuringia's fourth highest mountain.

history

In today's local area there was a settlement with graves of the older linear ceramics . In the immediate vicinity there were also finds of the younger linear ceramics as well as the stitch ceramics .

At the beginning of the 9th century the place was first mentioned as villa Erphohi in a list of the goods of the Hersfeld monastery built by Archbishop Lullus († 786) of Mainz , but the family of the Lords of Erffa was first mentioned in 1170 with Hartungus de Erfaha. called. This formerly noble noble family was obliged to the German emperors and collected tithes for the monasteries . Since the Nesse was swampy in this section, they built their ancestral seat as the Wasserburg Erffa . Emperor Heinrich assigned the Wildbann to the monastery of Fulda in the Thuringian Gau and the Mark Lupenzo (around Großenlupnitz ). Today's Friedrichswerth falls within the boundaries of this area.

In the Middle Ages, the Nessetal was more affected by through traffic than it is today. A branch of the Hohe Strasse ran on the ridge of the opposite ridge from Hastrungsfeld via Ebenheim, Metebach, and the Krahnberg to Gotha . The Nesse area west of Gotha was part of the core of the Landgraviate of Thuringia. Some of the noble families in Eberstädt , Sonneborn , Goldbach and Wangenheim who lived here had already acquired high offices at the landgrave's court in the 13th century. Life for the rural population was less comfortable at the beginning of the 16th century. Almost all of the villages in the Nessetale took part in the assault on the Georgenthal monastery around Easter 1525 . They wanted to make their situation more bearable with the uprising, the so-called Peasants' War ended in Thuringia with a defeat. Many places involved had to pay harsh penalties as reparations; Erffa was fined 300 guilders, the neighboring Mechterstädt was punished with 800 guilders, farmers who were considered particularly troubled were executed as a deterrent.

In 1677 Duke Friedrich I came from Gotha on an excursion to the town. He liked it so much that he bought the moated castle and land from the Erffas. He had it torn down and the baroque in its place Castle Friedrichswerth build, originated in the south wing as built on the ground floor, the castle church . The "administrative district Friedrichswerth", which included the places Friedrichswerth, Metebach and Neufrankenroda, later belonged to the Gotha office . The castle is a protected cultural monument in the Gotha district.

On January 1, 2019, the previously independent municipalities Friedrichswerth, Ballstädt , Bufleben , Brüheim , Goldbach , Haina , Hochheim , Remstädt , Wangenheim , Warza and Westhausen were merged to form the rural municipality of Nessetal . Friedrichswerth was a member of the Central Nessetal administrative community .

Tourism and sightseeing

  • Friedrichswerth has a largely preserved location with some baroque buildings that were created in connection with the palace. They include the property to the north and an orphanage built near the church.
  • The baroque garden belonging to the palace is a listed park.
  • The construction of the orphanage ( Lage → ) began on June 3, 1712. The councilor and Landdrost Otto Christoph Schulze and his wife Dorothea Margaretha appeared as donors . At that time the couple owned, among other things, the Molsdorf Castle . The stones of the village church begun in 1690 but not completed were used for the construction (see below). It took two years to build. Before the construction work began, the donor had bought two farms and land in order to carry out the project. The deed of foundation was issued in Schloss Molsdorf on February 6, 1723. Already in it the building was defined as an orphanage, in which widows and orphans were to be taken in and raised to be godly and good people . The first recordings were made on July 10, 1724 with twelve orphans, two wives, a house servant along with an orphan father and his wife . In addition to the construction costs of 16,000 thalers, the foundation received a further 12,000 thalers from the Schulz family for maintenance and, after their death, another 12,000 thalers. The house was under the direct supervision of the Gotha State Ministry, while the local pastor held the office of inspector. He accepted the applications for admission and checked the eligibility of the registered boys. Full and half orphans between the ages of seven and ten were admitted. Non-orphans were also admitted for an annual fee of 210 marks. The boys were released after their confirmation , after which they were placed as apprentices in craft businesses in the region. The house housed orphans until the 20th century. After the Second World War, some rooms were used as apartments. A vocational school moved in in 1947. A polytechnic high school was housed here from 1960 until the fall of the Berlin Wall , after which the building was redesigned. Today it houses the mayor's office and rooms for meetings and celebrations. On the first floor there is a local history museum and an apartment. The second floor is still in need of renovation; Exhibitions and benefit concerts are intended to help finance the work.
  • In 1858 the 500-year-old church that stood on the "Kirchplatz" (corner of Haackstrasse and the street to Villa Meyer) was torn down. Today's Gustav Adolf Church in the center of the village was built in 1855. The village church, built in the neo-Gothic style from 1855 to 1860, was donated by a childless couple, the then domain councilor Eduard von Hagen and his wife Wilhelmine. The building was inaugurated in 1860 and has a four-story tower on the west side. The rectangular nave has a polygonal choir. The interior painting comes from the Franz brothers from Gotha, the organ from the organ builder Knauf from Tabarz . The ringing of three bells creates the chord of E, G sharp and H. A memorial grave in honor of the donor couple is located in the cemetery. The construction of a church had already begun in 1690, but this could not be completed due to the sudden death of Friedrich I at his castle in Friedrichswerth. The stones were used to build the orphanage mentioned above.
  • The most famous son of Friedrichswerth is the cartographer Hermann Haack , he was born here on October 29, 1872 in Friedrichswerth, his parents' house is marked with a sign.
  • 1.5 km north of Friedrichswerth, immediately beyond the boundary, in the area of Behringen , is the Leichberg at 325 m above sea level. NN as the highest elevation in the district, on the summit a monument was erected for Prince Bismarck in 1896 . The memorial was restored in 2009.
  • On the structural remains of the former Nessetalbahn , a cycle path from Gotha to the Eisenach-Kindel airfield with a connection to the southern edge of the Hainich National Park and the Wartburg town of Eisenach was built as an infrastructure project .
  • See also: List of cultural monuments in Nessetal

Economy and Infrastructure

Water and sewage

The water supply and wastewater disposal is ensured by the water and wastewater association Mittleres Nessetal.

telecommunications

The German Telekom operates in Friedrichswerth the main distributor for the area code 036,254th

traffic

The Nessetal cycle path leads past Friedrichswerth. Via the state road 1029 Friedrichswerth is connected with the places Behringen and Weingarten and the state road 1030 connects the place with Brüheim . Haina and Friedrichswerth are connected by Friedrichswerther Straße.

Others

Meyer monument
  • The scientific interpretation of the place name Friedrichswerth is Friedrichs Insel - which is also true, because the castle stands like an island in the middle of wide moats. The name is derived from the locals as follows: Because the village of Erffa was once so 'worthy' to Duke Friedrich, he immediately named the whole village after himself (Friedrichswerth: "Friedrich is worth it"!)
  • Eduard Meyer founded the well-known animal and plant breeding in Friedrichswerth. A monument in his honor stands outside the village on the road to Brüheim. The "Villa Meyer" next to the castle is a reminder of the family's wealth.

literature

Web links

Commons : Friedrichswerth  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Original in the StArchiv Marburg, Stift Hersfeld
  2. ^ Heinrich Hess: The limits of the Mark Lupnitz . In: Communications from the Association for Gotha History and Antiquity Research . Born in 1905. Thienemannsche Hofbuchhandlung, Gotha 1905, p. 112-118 .
  3. ↑ Helmut Roob: The peasant war 1525 in the lower Nessetal and its consequences . In: Heimatblätter '94 of the Eisenacher country . 4th volume. Hitzerodt-Verlag, Marburg 1994, ISBN 3-924269-68-8 , p. 52 .
  4. ↑ Thuringian Law and Ordinance Gazette No. 14/2018 , accessed on March 20, 2019
  5. ↑ a b c d U. Sareik, S. Ortmann, K. Sturm: Monuments of the Gotha district . Ed .: Council of the District of Gotha. August-Bebel Gotha printing works, Erfurt / Gotha 1987, p. 98 .
  6. ↑ Newspaper: www.diehallos.de in thuringia on Sunday , Gotha edition of June 2, 2012
  7. ↑ Newspaper report on the Internet
  8. ↑ Information board at the former location
  9. ^ NN: New panel after 50 years. Bismarckstein completely again . In: Heimatkreis Gotha city and country (ed.): Gothaer Heimatbrief . Issue 54. Gotha 2009, p. 73-74 .