Eduard Study
Eduard Study , more precisely Christian Hugo Eduard Study (born March 23, 1862 in Coburg , † January 6, 1930 in Bonn ) was a German mathematician .
Study made important contributions to the invariant theory of ternary forms, to hyper-complex numbers , especially the dual numbers , to line geometry and Lie's spherical geometry, and to spherical trigonometry . He also made contributions to biology , quantum chemistry and philosophy . Study was a lonely autodidact and one of the last great (classical) geometers.
Life
Eduard Study was born in Coburg on March 23, 1862, the son of Carl Traugott Wilhelm Study and Caroline Therese Henriette von Langsdorff. His father was a professor of German , Latin , Greek , and history at the Coburg grammar school . His maternal great-grandfather, Karl Christian von Langsdorf , had been a professor of mathematics; his maternal grandfather, Wilhelm Gustav von Langsdorff ( Gustav Wilhelm Langsdorf (1803–1847)), had taught applied mathematics and mining and salt works.
Study was four years old when his mother died. Two years later, the father married his sister-in-law, who also died a few years later when Eduard Study was eleven years old. In the following years he was brought up by the strict hand of his father.
Eduard Study graduated from high school in Coburg and began studying at the University of Jena with the biologist Ernst Häckel in the winter semester of 1880/1881 . At that time, his passion was biology as well as geometry. Study has already published its first publications on both subjects.
Study moved to the University of Strasbourg in the winter semester of 1881/1882 , where he studied with Theodor Reye (1838–1919) and re-engaged with the synthetic method . He then moved to the University of Leipzig for the winter semester of 1882/1883 , briefly returned to Strasbourg in the autumn of 1883 and then studied in Munich.
In 1884 Study successfully applied the symbolic calculation to win the first prize in a prize-giving from the Technical University of Munich. In 1885 he received his doctorate with a thesis on Graßmann's expansion theory.
Study then returned to the University of Leipzig, where he began working on his habilitation with Felix Klein . During this time he was sent, together with David Hilbert , von Klein to study in Paris; later a stay in Erlangen followed.
After Study had completed his habilitation, he married his cousin Lina von Langsdorff in 1888; the two had a daughter Trude (born June 26, 1889) as the only child.
When his relationship with Klein became very problematic, Study left Leipzig in July 1888 and accepted a private lecturer grant in Marburg.
In 1889 Study published his first book, Method for the Theory of Ternary Forms , which, however, sold poorly and only received noteworthy attention in 1982 in a new edition initiated by Gian-Carlo Rota .
From July 1893 to April 1894 he stayed at various universities in the USA. He then took up a position as associate professor in Bonn, which he held until 1897.
In 1897 he received his first position as a full professor at the University of Greifswald . During this time Study wrote his greatest work, published in 1903, Geometry of the Dynamen .
In 1904 he switched to a full professorship at the University of Bonn . In 1911 he was elected a corresponding member of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences and in 1923 of the Prussian Academy of Sciences . From 1927 he was a corresponding member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences . At the end of the summer semester of 1927 he was retired.
On January 6, 1930, Study died of gastric cancer. The cremation took place on January 9th in Mainz; the urn was buried in Bonn in the Poppelsdorf cemetery .
Works
- About the geometry of the conic sections in particular their characteristic problem. Teubner, Leipzig 1885.
- Methods for the theory of internal forms. Teubner, Leipzig 1889.
- Spherical Trigonometry, Orthogonal Substitutions, and Elliptic Functions: An Analytical Geometric Investigation. S. Hirzel, Leipzig 1893.
- The main theorems of quaternion theory. Gaertner, Berlin 1900.
- Geometry of the Dynamen. The composition of forces and related objects of geometry. Teubner, Leipzig 1903.
- Lectures on selected subjects of geometry. Teubner, Leipzig 1911.
- The realistic world view and the theory of space. Friedr. Vieweg and Son, Braunschweig 1914.
- Introduction to the theory of the invariants of linear transformations based on vector calculation. Friedr. Vieweg and Son, Braunschweig 1923.
- Mathematics and Physics - An Epistemological Study. Friedr. Vieweg and Son, Braunschweig 1923.
literature
- Friedrich Engel : Eduard Study . In: German Mathematicians Association (ed.): Annual report of the German Mathematicians Association . tape 40 . Teubner, 1931, ISSN 0012-0456 , p. 133–156 ( uni-goettingen.de - commemorative speech 1930 with photo between p. 107 and 108).
- Yvonne Hartwich: Eduard Study (1862-1930). A mathematical Mephistopheles in the geometric garden . 2005 ( ubm.opus.hbz-nrw.de - dissertation at the University of Mainz).
- Peter Ullrich: “Dear friend and guardian angel!”… “Sincerely yours Deibel.” About the correspondence between Friedrich Engel and Eduard Study. In: Hartmut Roloff et al. (Ed.): Paths to Adam Ries. Conference on the history of mathematics (Erfurt 2002). Rauner, Augsburg 2004, pp. 389-403 ( geb.uni-giessen.de ).
Web links
- Literature by and about Eduard Study in the catalog of the German National Library
- John J. O'Connor, Edmund F. Robertson : Eduard Study. In: MacTutor History of Mathematics archive .
- Overview of Eduard Study courses at the University of Leipzig (summer semester 1886 to summer semester 1888)
- Eduard Study in the Mathematics Genealogy Project (English)
- Photo from Study
- PhD students from Study
- Study "About systems of complex numbers", News Society Sciences Göttingen 1889
- Study "Geometry of Dynames", Annual Report DMV 1900
- Study "About the spherical trigonometry", annual report DMV Vol. 2, 1891
- Study “About non-Euclidean and line geometry”, Annual Report DMV, Vol. 11, 1902
- Study Theory of Common and Higher Complex Quantities , Encyclopedia of Mathematical Sciences, Vol. 1, 1898
- Eduard Study estate in the ULB Bonn
Individual evidence
- ↑ Holger Krahnke: The members of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen 1751-2001 (= Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Philological-Historical Class. Volume 3, Vol. 246 = Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Mathematical-Physical Class. Episode 3, vol. 50). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2001, ISBN 3-525-82516-1 , p. 236.
personal data | |
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SURNAME | Study, Eduard |
ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Study, Christian Hugo Eduard (full name) |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German mathematician |
DATE OF BIRTH | March 23, 1862 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | Coburg |
DATE OF DEATH | January 6, 1930 |
Place of death | Bonn |