Eichsfeld (Gau)

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The Eichsfeldgau was a medieval district in what is now Obereichsfeld in north-western Thuringia .

geography

The Eichesfelt district in northwestern Thuringia around the year 1000

The original Eichsfeld was between Heilbad Heiligenstadt an der Leine and Mühlhausen an der Unstrut . A precise delimitation of the Gaue is difficult because the boundaries and the names have changed at different times. The region between Heiligenstadt and the Rusteberg cannot be assigned to any of the well-known dormer markings without documentary evidence. According to Siebert, the Eichsfeld was divided into tithe, the northern tithe around Heiligenstadt, the middle tithe in the upper Eichsfeld and the eastern tithe around Mühlhausen.

Neighboring and nearby districts were: Gau Ohmfeld (northeast), Wippergau and Gau Winidon (east), Altgau (southeast), Westergau (south and southwest), Leinegau in the northwest and Liesgau with the Duderstadt mark in the northeast. A delimitation to the west is not known, the land on the Werra probably no longer belonged to it. It is not known exactly to which district the southwestern Eichsfeld, the lower Werra and the land up to the Meißner belonged. The Hessengau only begins to the west of the Meißner . Individual authors locate this area in the so-called Ahagau , a Chattish- settled area, which was assigned to the Germar Mark after 970.

history

The middle and southern Eichsfeld was a Thuringian tribal area. After the Thuringian Kingdom was smashed, the areas north of the Unstrut and with it this part of the Eichsfeld came under Frankish and then Saxon influence.

The Eichsfeld was first mentioned on January 28, 897. Arnulf von Kärnten confirmed in a document in Regensburg the exchange of goods in pago Eichesfelden between the abbot Huki von Fulda and the count Konrad. The exchanged places Ammern, Görmar, Lengefeld (the Lengefeld near Mühlhausen), Amiliehausen (desert near Mühlhausen), Diedorf and Dachrieden belonged to the Mühlhausen urban area as well as Diedorf and probably formed the southern border to the (south) Thuringian Westergau. Later this southern border area was called Germar-Mark and formed its own district. The goods exchanged by Count Konrad the Elder were in the county of the Saxon Duke Otto and thus came to the Fulda Monastery .

Initially still royal property, the Eichsfeldgau came to the Counts of Bilstein around 970 (with Wigger I. also Count of Germar-Mark). In 1022, the dormer mark "in pago Eichesvelt" was mentioned again in a document when the northern parts of the Eichsfeld in the Leinetal gradually came to the Archbishops of Mainz . Emperor Heinrich II donated two farms in Geisleden to the collegiate monastery in Heiligenstadt.

Under the feudal rule of the Ludowingian and then Wettin Landgraves of Thuringia , the Counts of Gleichen later exercised the count's right over the Eichsfeld, and also over the Mühlhausen imperial estate . With the consent of the feudal lord Landgrave Albert of Thuringia, Count Heinrich von Gleichen (called Gleichenstein ) sold his castles Gleichenstein , Scharfenstein and Birkenstein , located in the heart of the former Eichsfeldgau, to the archbishops of Mainz . These then named all the parts of the country they had acquired east of the Werra in the later Upper and Lower Fields after the former Gau Eichsfeld.

The Gaugerichtsplatz was located in Dingelstädt, an old Thingplatz , and it was not until the Kurmain era that the court was moved to Gleichenstein Castle.

Count

Dukes of Saxony:

Wigger I.

Counts of Weimar :

Counts of Tonna and Equals

  • Count Erwin I (probably 1104–1116)

literature

  • Karl C. von Leutsch : Margrave Gero: A contribution to the understanding of the German imperial history under the Ottonians . Serig'sche Buchhandlung, Leipzig 1828, pp. 155–156.
  • Th. Zotz, M Gockel: The German royal palaces . Volume 2, Max Planck Institute for History (Göttingen), Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1986, pp. 286–293.
  • Matthias A. Stude: Gau Eichsfeld first mentioned 1110 years ago. In: Eichsfelder Heimatzeitschrift . Vol. 51 (2007), pp. 5-7.
  • August von Wersebe : Description of the district between the Elbe, Saale and Unstrut, Weser and Werra . Hahnsche Hofbuchhandlung, Hanover 1829 ( digitized version ).
  • F. Boegehold: The Eichsfeld from a tribal perspective. in Goldene Mark - 4 (1953), Verlag Mecke Duderstadt, October pp. 1-6
  • Peter Bühner: Mühlhausen in Eichsfeld? The Counts of Gleichen as Burgraves of Mühlhausen. Eichsfeld yearbook 2007, Verlag Mecke Duderstadt, pages 5–20
  • Ulrich Hussong: The first mention of the Eichsfeld in 897. In: Eichsfeld-Jahrbuch 5 (1997), pp. 5-23.
  • Rolf Aulepp: Does the oak desolation give its name to the Eichsfeld? UE 1 (1992), pp. 1-6.
  • Klemens Löffler: The Mainz beginnings on the Eichsfeld. In: Eichsfelder Heimatzeitschrift. Vol. 49 (2005), No. 11, Mecke Druck und Verlag Duderstadt, pp. 405-409

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Johann Wolf: Political history of the Eichsfeld with documents explained. Volume 1, Johann Georg Rosenbusch Göttingen 1792, pp. 26–32
  2. ^ Bernhard Siebert: Uder and his story. A contribution to the political and economic history of the Eichsfeld, especially of the Rusteberg office. Printing and publishing by Cordier Heiligenstadt 1938, p. 8
  3. ^ Alois Höppner: The ecclesiastical structure of the Eichsfeld in the Middle Ages. Printing and publishing by Cordier Heiligenstadt 1933, p. 49 ff.
  4. ↑ Wersebe, pp. 33-37
  5. ↑ Thuringian State Gazette No. 20/2008 - ISSN  0939-9135 ISSN  0939-9135
  6. ↑ Wersebe, pp. 37-41
  7. ^ Alois Höppner: The ecclesiastical structure of the Eichsfeld in the Middle Ages. Printing and publishing by Cordier Heiligenstadt 1933, p. 57
  8. ^ Private website from Heimat im Eichsfeld
  9. ^ Rudolf Linge: Alt-Heiligenstadt and its churches. St. Benno-Verlag Leipzig in conjunction with Verlag Cordier Heiligenstadt 1974, p. 11
  10. ↑ Peter Bühner: Mühlhausen in Eichsfeld? The Counts of Gleichen as Burgraves of Mühlhausen. In: Eichsfeld-Jahrbuch 2007 , Mecke, Duderstadt, pp. 5–20
  11. ^ EW Böttiger: History of the Electorate and Kingdom of Saxony, First Volume, Friedrich Perthes, Hamburg 1830, pp. 93–94.
  12. ↑ Otto Posse: '' The Margraves of Meißen and the House of Wettin up to Conrad the Great ''. Giesecke and Devrient, Leipzig 1881, p. 130.
  13. ↑ Johann Wolf: Political history of the Eichsfeld with documents explained. Volume 1, Johann Georg Rosenbusch Göttingen 1792, pp. 26–32