Golden mark

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Golden Mark between Seeburger See and Obernfeld
The landscape of the Golden Mark within the Eichsfeld Basin

A part of the Unterreichsfeldes or Eichsfelder Basin in southern Lower Saxony is referred to as the Golden Mark . The largest towns are Duderstadt on the south-east and Gieboldehausen and Bilshausen on the northern edge.

Geographical location

The Goldene Mark in the narrower sense comprises the fertile lowlands of the Eichsfeld Basin along the Hahletal between Duderstadt in the south, the Seeburger See in the middle west and Gieboldehausen in the north. In the east, south and west it is bordered by higher, mostly wooded ridges. Numerous small tributaries of the Hahle, like the Suhle (with the Aue and the Ellerbach ) and the Nathe drain the basin. The altitudes of the basin landscape range from around 160–190 m in the lowlands of the Hahletal to around 240–280 m on the solitary mountain peaks such as the Höherberg and Euzenberg .

Historical peculiarities

Mark Duderstadt

The Mark Duderstadt on the southern edge of the Liesgau on the border with the Thuringian tribal area

The landscape, known as Mark Duderstadt in the 13th century , was a historical territory. It included the places around Duderstadt to the Sohlbachtal and Sonnenstein in the east, to near Worbis in the south and to the Seeburger See in the northwest. Probably the Mark Duderstadt was not an independent district , but as part of the Liesgau the southern border mark of Saxony against Thuringia. Neighboring districts were the Helmegau in the northeast, the Ohmfeldgau in the southeast, the Eichsfeldgau in the south, and the Leinegau in the west.

The region around Duderstadt was probably first settled by Chatti ethnic groups, and from the 5th century by Saxony . In the centuries that followed, the lords were the dukes of Saxony and subsequently the Saxon kings, although other Saxon noble families, such as the Immedingen , were also wealthy here. Heinrich I from the Liudolfinger family designated (the Mark) Duderstadt, Quedlinburg , Pöhlde , Nordhausen and Grone as widows property for his wife Mathilde in a document dated September 16, 929 . After her death in 968, the Mark Duderstadt returned to her son Otto . Emperor Otto II donated the Mark Duderstadt to the Quedlinburg Abbey in 974 . In 974 Duderstadt is mentioned in the County of Bernhard (Duderstedi in comitatu Bernhardi comitis situm) but without a dormer name. It is possible that Bernhard is the Count Palatine of the Palatinate Grone . The Quedlinburg Abbey enfeoffed Landgrave Heinrich of Thuringia with the mark in 1236 and, from 1247, Duke Otto I of Braunschweig. Then it was in Guelph possession for over a hundred years . From 1334 to 1336 the mark and the neighboring Gieboldehausen office gradually came to Eichsfeld in Electoral Mainz. The Mark Duderstadt became the Electoral Mainz Office of Duderstadt, the southern areas around Teistungen later belonged to the judicial district of the von Westernhagen .

Golden mark

In the early Middle Ages , the area of ​​what is now the lower field was surrounded by a Landwehr and a number of ramparts for protection. In the 14th century, the Mark Duderstadt became the Golden Mark ( marca aurea ), a name that goes back to the fertility of its loess- rich soils. In the 15th century, after Kurmainz took possession of the offices of Duderstadt and Gieboldehausen , the name Goldene Mark was lost from the sources. It is replaced by the designation lower area , in contrast to the higher-lying upper area. The term golden mark has been used again since the 18th century, but now for the entire sub-area and later only for the district of Duderstadt .

Hometown club

The Heimatverein Goldene Mark (Untereichsfeld) eV derives its name from the Goldenen Mark . The association was founded in January 1950 by local friends from what was then the district of Duderstadt. From 1950 to 1991 he brought out the local magazine “Die Goldene Mark”, which appears four times a year. This was discontinued after reunification , as was the “Eichsfelder Heimathefte” published in Worbis in the GDR from 1961 to 1990 . The “Eichsfeld Yearbook” has been published for the entire Eichsfeld region since 1993.

nature

The basin landscape created by the leaching of the Zechstein camp located under the red sandstone is loosened up by small elevations and hills. The loess-covered lowlands are very fertile and are therefore mainly used for agriculture. On the other hand, forest areas are only available to a small extent (e.g. on the Pferdeberg ). The following protected areas are here:

Attractions

The Seeburger See and the Goldene Mark from the air

The central basin landscape of the Golden Mark has an extensive network of cycle paths due to its gently undulating terrain and is therefore also suitable for children. Numerous sights can be visited here:

literature

  • Carl Ludwig Hellrung: The Golden Mark Duderstadt - Poetry and Truth. Göttingen 1844 (2010, 304 pages)
  • Johann Wolf : History and description of the city of Duderstadt. Göttingen 1803

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
  2. ↑ August von Wersebe: Description of the district between the Elbe, Saale and Unstrut, Weser and Werra. Published by Hahn'schen Buchhandlung, Hanover 1829, pages 27-29
  3. ^ Johann Wolf: History and description of the city of Duderstadt: with documents and three coppers. Rosenbusch, Göttingen 1803, p. 3 ff.
  4. ↑ MGH DD HI , No. 20, pp. 55-56
  5. ^ Johann Wolf: History and description of the city of Duderstadt: with documents and three coppers. Rosenbusch, Göttingen 1803, pages 34–40
  6. ↑ RI II, 2 n. 658, in: Regesta Imperii Online, URI: [1] (accessed on August 22, 2017)
  7. ^ Johann Wolf: History and description of the city of Duderstadt: with documents and three coppers. Rosenbusch, Göttingen 1803, page 45
  8. ^ Johann Wolf: History and Description of the City of Duderstadt. Göttingen 1803, pp. 45-53
  9. ↑ 1336: RIplus Regg. EB Mainz 1,2 n. 4014, in: Regesta Imperii Online, URI: [2] (accessed on August 22, 2017)
  10. ↑ Eichsfelder Heimatzeitschrift, special edition for the 50th year of Eichsfelder Heimatzeitschrift 2006, p. 269 (PDF; 655 kB)
  11. ↑ Jürgen Hövermann Geographical Land Survey, Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1963, page 18

Web links

Commons : Goldene Mark  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files


Coordinates: 51 ° 32 ′ 43.8 "  N , 10 ° 12 ′ 39"  E