Collegiate monastery St. Martin (Heiligenstadt)

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The Stiftsberg in 1646 with the St. Martin-Stift (5), the Propstei (6), the Kurien and the Kurmainzer Oberamt (11)

The Collegiate Foundation St. Martin was a canon in Heilbad Heiligenstadt in the ecclesiastical province of Mainz . It existed until 1802 when it was dissolved in the course of secularization . The associated collegiate church of St. Martin in Heiligenstadt is now part of the Mühlhausen parish of the Evangelical Church in Central Germany .

history

The beginnings of ecclesiastical organization of the Mainz diocese in the area of ​​the middle Eichsfeld go back to the 8th to 9th centuries. The first church was built on a small hill, later called Stiftsberg. With the relics of the Mainz martyr bishop Aureus , his deacon Justinus and the later Sergius and Bacchus , this place became the holy place and the city of Heiligenstadt emerged from the first settlement. The foundation of the monastery is assumed to be around 960; there is no document about the foundation. The monastery was first mentioned in writing in 1022, when Emperor Heinrich II donated a Hufe Landes in Geisleden to the collegiate monastery. The monastery with its church was closely connected to the neighboring royal court in the 10th to 12th centuries. Not only kings and emperors stayed here, bishops were also ordained in the church.

At the tip of the pen stood a provost who directed the pen and administered the monastery property. The seal of some of the provosts showed the city saints Aureus and Justinus, while the seal of the collegiate chapter showed St. Martin. In later centuries the leadership was passed on to a dean. Initially, the canons were housed jointly in the monastery, but in later centuries they lived in neighboring houses, the curiae. The Stiftsberg formed its own parish with the adjacent houses until modern times.

The Hülfensberg was owned by the monastery until 1357 , when Archbishop Gerlach incorporated the parish church in Geismar and the S. Salvatoris chapel on the Hülfensberg into the Anrode monastery, thus securing further income from the pilgrimages. During the Peasants' War, Thomas Müntzer and Heinrich Pfeiffer camped with their peasant army on May 3, 1525 at the gates of the city of Heiligenstadt. After Müntzer had preached in front of the Liebfrauenkirche , citizens of Heiligenstadt stormed the monastery, destroyed the facilities and took away the letters of privilege.

The monastery with its possessions and subordinates was not subject to local jurisdiction, but had its own jurisdiction with a bailiff. With the takeover of the Eichsfeld by the Kingdom of Prussia in 1803, the monastery was dissolved and the possessions were transferred to Prussian property.

Toast

Seal of Provost Busso from 1355
  • Ordo (1093), named as a witness
  • Gottschalk (1128–1155) named as a witness several times
  • Baldwin, Magister (1163), Bishop Konrad confirms the donation of 5 churches to the monastery by Bishop Ruthard
  • Gottfried (around 1163–1171)
  • Dietrich (1170), commissioned Werner von Elmendorf around 1170 to translate rhyming pairs of the "Moralis philosophia" into German
  • Gumpert (1209), witness
  • Philip (1223), witness
  • Heinrich von Rusteberg (1230-1245)
  • Arnold (1263)
  • Gunzelin von Beichlingen (1300), a brother of Count Heinrich von Beichlingen
  • Thuringus of Ramstein (1323)
  • Busso von Schlotheim (1356) exchanges the patronage rights to Bickenriede and Wydecheshausen (Werdigeshausen) and some Hufen Landes and a farm in Heuthen with the Anrode monastery
  • Dietrich von Hardenberg (1360)
  • Arnold von Beveren (around 1375)
  • Burghard von Hanstein (1541)
  • Georg Doeren (before 1588)

The seal of the provosts and the official showed the Saints Aureus and Justinus, in contrast to the seal of the chapter, which had Saint Martin in the seal.

Collegiate school

A school also belongs to the Kollegiatstift, it was the first educational establishment in the Eichsfeld. In it mainly the priestly offspring was trained, especially the future canons. The school was run by a schoolboy . Due to the reorganization of theology studies in the 16th century and after the establishment of the Jesuit college in Heiligenstadt in 1575, the importance and level of education of the school fell significantly and it eventually became a normal school. In 1778, the supervision of the Eichsfeld schools was transferred from the collegiate scholasters to an electoral school commission. With the abolition of the monastery, the school was also closed.

Important students were:

  • Werner von Heiligenstadt, chaplain to Landgravine Elisabeth of Thuringia (1225)
  • M. Reynher von Heiligenstadt, Protonotarius of the Landgrave of Hesse (1304)
  • M Johann von Heiligenstadt, school director in Mühlhausen (1322)
  • Johann Lupi, City School in Erfurt
  • Johann Sperber, Rector of the High School in Leipzig (1511)

Archdeaconate

The archdeaconate of Heiligenstadt was founded around 1100. The provosts of the monastery were generally also archdeacons of the respective archdeaconate. They therefore also had tasks in the administration of justice and administration in the archdeaconate with around 130 parishes. The archdeaconate expanded from Kirchgandern in the northwest, from Brochthausen in the northeast, Vollenborn in the east, Wanfried in the south and the Hohe Meißner in the west. An official was responsible for the jurisdiction according to canon law and imperial law and who used the same seal as the provost. For the land on the Werra , however, another official with his own seal was known, for example a Konrad Byttersole in 1382.

The seat or sedes of the individual archpriests were Beuren, Bischhausen, Duderstadt, Ershausen, Niederhone, Kirchgandern and Kirchworbis, the Sedes Heiligenstadt was taken over by the provost. Neighboring archdeaconates were in Nörten , Jechaburg , Dorla and Fritzlar .

In 1276 the monasteries of the Diaconate Heiligenstadt are named, which are to donate for the restoration of the collegiate church St. Martin: Reifenstein , Beuren , Teistungenburg , Zella , Anrode , Germerode and Witzenhausen . The Gerode monastery was not part of the diaconal district at that time.

From the 14th century the office of archdeacon was restricted in favor of a newly created commissioner . In the 15th century, the Episcopal Commissariat in Heiligenstadt was created for the entire Eichsfeld . So the archdeacons in the dioceses of the ecclesiastical province of Mainz were only granted lower jurisdiction in matrimonial matters and in matters relating to churches, investiture and usury, up to a total of 20 shillings.

literature

  • Bernhard sacrifice man: the monasteries of the Eichsfeld in their history. St. Benno-Verlag Leipzig / Verlag Cordier Heiligenstadt 1961
  • Alois Höppner: The ecclesiastical structure of the Eichsfeld in the Middle Ages. Printing and publishing by Cordier Heiligenstadt 1933

Web links

Commons : St. Martin-Stift Heiligenstadt  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Rudolf Linge: Alt-Heiligenstadt and its churches. St. Benno-Verlag Leipzig in conjunction with Verlag Cordier Heiligenstadt 1974, p. 11
  2. ^ Johann Wolf: Eichsfeldische Kirchengeschichte: with 134 documents. Göttingen 1816, p. 13 VIII.
  3. ↑ RI plus regg. EB Mainz 1 (n. 1287), in: Regesta Imperii Online
  4. ↑ RI plus regg. EB Mainz 1, in: Regesta Imperii Online
  5. ↑ RIplus Regg. EB Mainz 2 [after 17], in: Regesta Imperii Online, URI: http://www.regesta-imperii.de/id/e4ec6466-86bc-4cca-9bea-348b6de51836 (accessed on April 4, 2020)
  6. ^ Bernhard sacrifice man: The monasteries of the Eichsfeld in their history. St. Benno-Verlag Leipzig / Verlag Cordier Heiligenstadt 1961, p. 23?
  7. ↑ Steinmeyer, Elias von, "Elmendorf, Wernher von" in: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie 6 (1877), p. 59 [online version]; URL: https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd11863156X.html#adbcontent
  8. ↑ RIplus Regg. EB Mainz 2 [after 752], in: Regesta Imperii Online, URI: http://www.regesta-imperii.de/id/e7735bcd-6e9b-4fa2-8c56-80e88c5d556e (accessed on April 4, 2020)
  9. ↑ RIplus Regg. EB Mainz 2 [after 1074], in: Regesta Imperii Online, URI: http://www.regesta-imperii.de/id/f19738a3-00f8-488d-bce5-86d8d30c61fe (accessed April 4, 2020)
  10. ^ Johann Wolf: Eichsfeldische Kirchengeschichte: with 134 documents. Göttingen 1816. Document VIII. P. 13
  11. ↑ RIplus Regg. EB Mainz 1,1 n. 653, in: Regesta Imperii Online, URI: http://www.regesta-imperii.de/id/e26d8810-8885-4a86-a098-da4f0bd0d8a2 (accessed on April 5, 2020)
  12. ↑ RIplus Regg. EB Mainz 1,1 n. 2446, in: Regesta Imperii Online [1] (accessed on May 4, 2020)
  13. ↑ RIplus Regg. EB Mainz 2,1 n.540, in: Regesta Imperii Online, URI: http://www.regesta-imperii.de/id/d335bd01-e922-4615-bfc4-878a7f5f6897 (accessed on April 4, 2020)
  14. ^ Johann Wolf: Eichsfeldische Kirchengeschichte: with 134 documents. Göttingen 1816. Document VIII. P. 13
  15. ^ DDB
  16. ↑ Ramona Apel: On the history of the Gerbershausen School, the oldest village school in Eichsfeld. In: Eichsfelder Heimatzeitschrift. Vol. 63 (2019), issue 11/12, Mecke Druck und Verlag, Duderstadt 2019, p. 321
  17. ↑ Georg Doeren 1588, Fritzlar, in: Grabdenkmäler [2] (as of February 5, 2006)
  18. ^ Johann Wolf: Eichsfeldische Kirchengeschichte: with 134 documents. Göttingen 1816, p. 13 VIII.
  19. ^ Lioba Maria Haase: History of the mountain schools St. Elisabeth Heiligenstadt. Verlag Cordier Heiligenstadt 1997, p. 16
  20. ↑ | Johann Vinzenz Wolf : History and description of the city of Heiligenstadt with documents. Verlag Beyersche Universitätsdruckerei Göttingen 1800, p. 254
  21. ^ Alois Höppner: The ecclesiastical structure of the Eichsfeld in the Middle Ages. Printing and publishing by Cordier Heiligenstadt 1933, p. 52
  22. ^ Alois Höppner: The ecclesiastical structure of the Eichsfeld in the Middle Ages. Printing and publishing by Cordier Heiligenstadt 1933, p. 68