Eisenhammer Dorfchemnitz

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Eisenhammer Dorfchemnitz (2008)
Eisenhammer Dorfchemnitz with his water wheel (2010)
General view of the building complex, Hammergraben in the foreground
Hammer frame with the two tail hammers

The Eisenhammer Dorfchemnitz is a historic hammer mill in Dorfchemnitz . The system is an important witness to the proto-industrial development in the Erzgebirge . Of the formerly numerous hammer works in Saxony, only three other machines, the Frohnau hammer , the " old hammer " of the Saigerhütte Grünthal and the Freibergsdorf hammer works in Freibergsdorf, remained functional.

The facility, located on Chemnitzbach , has been a technical museum since 1969 , which in addition to the actual hammer mill also includes a home parlor.

history

The Eisenhammer Dorfchemnitz is located in the valley of the Chemnitzbach, whose water power has been used by several hammer mills and mills (see: hammer mill ) in the past centuries . In 1567, Elector August von Sachsen granted Dresden Mayor Hans Hase the concession to build and operate the iron hammer and an associated iron ore mine. Hase had previously presented samples of smeltable iron ore to the elector. The new facility was granted various privileges , for example the elector forbade the construction of further hammer mills within a radius of 1 mile for the first two years of operation . In return, he expected from Hase that ... a fair amount of good iron is made every week in the town to help mine our mines.

Smelted was primarily magnetite , which in the nearby Wolfsgrund was mined. The Dorfchemnitz magnetite was of high quality and was also delivered to the ironworks in Schmiedeberg , which processed ore from numerous pits in the Eastern Ore Mountains. At the end of the 18th century, the hut management there certified that the Dorfchemnitz ore ... was the best iron stone of the local plant . However, Johann Friedrich Wilhelm von Charpentier determined in 1778 that the Dorfchemnitz mining industry was already insignificant at that time. The high-quality deposit was therefore largely eradicated in the 16th and 17th centuries. Further mining attempts that u. a. 1828 by the Schmiedeberger Hüttenverwalter and in 1873/75 by the Dorfchemnitzer manor owner Kurt Hannibal von Lüttichau were unsuccessful.

The Dorfchemnitz hammer mill used the mined ores to produce primarily tough , i.e. H. various tools and equipment for the numerous mines in the area around Freiberg and Brand-Erbisdorf . When Georg Adolph von Hartitzsch bought the hammer in 1699, August the Strong pointed out to him that the Dorfchemnitz iron ... not seduced by tradesmen and hammer masters outside of the country, but forged within the country on the most affordable hammers, and the forged iron to whom mining towns and subjects of local countries are to be offered and left for a cheap purchase before all others.

In 1786, in addition to the iron hammer, the facility also included a board mill and a hammer tavern. The charcoal required as fuel had to be brought in early from the Bohemian Ore Mountains forests, as the forests in the immediate vicinity of the Dorfchemnitzer Hammers had fallen victim to the intensive mining and metallurgy ( Muldenhütten , Halsbrücke ) in the Freiberg Revier.

Because of the exhaustion of the iron ore mined in Wolfsgrund, the former blast furnace was converted into a forge furnace in 1844 . The hammer continued to produce mainly work equipment and special items for the preparation and processing of Freiberg mining and metallurgy. Mainly pig iron from Mittelschmiedeberg was processed. The production range included around 1900 a. a. Incandescent bowls, ladles for lead smelting, coin ladles, punch shoes and roasting shovels. The blast furnace slag that was produced during smelting in earlier centuries and dumped on a dump was processed again in a Silesian ironworks before the First World War.

After ore mining in Freiberg was discontinued as planned between 1903 and 1913 due to the decline in world market prices, there was another change in production to machine parts such as crankshafts, pump levers, steel balls for ball mills and balance beams. The main buyers of the accessories for ball mills were the tin processing plants in Altenberg and Zinnwald . Balance beams were delivered to Silesia and Switzerland .

However, the competition with modern steam hammers and the remote location of the hammer became increasingly noticeable. The transport costs for coal, pig iron and finished products were relatively high, since all goods in Mulda from the standard gauge railway Nossen and Moldova on the narrow-gauge railway Mulda-Sayda be reloaded had. In the course of the global economic crisis , the hammer mill ceased operations in 1931.

technology

The hammer mill has remained in the same technical condition as it was when it was converted into a forge in 1844. Via a 420 m long hammer ditch, water reaches an Oberschlächtiges water wheel with a diameter of 4 m and a width of 1 m (power about 3.6 kW or 5 HP). The water wheel is directly connected to a 9 m long oak thumb shaft which drives the two tail hammers . The wide hammer has at a weight of 300 kg an impact force of 500 kp (max. 60 beats / minute). The smaller stretching or pulling hammer weighs 150 kg and develops an impact force of 250 kp (max. 100 blows / minute). In the past , balls could also be forged using an interchangeable hemispherical hammer head and a hemispherical anvil . A second smaller water wheel drives the bellows for the forge fire.

Eisenhammer Museum

The idea of ​​opening up the hammer as a museum arose as early as the mid-1930s, as it was the only remaining hammer mill in the Eastern Ore Mountains alongside the Freibergsdorf hammer mill and thus represented an important technical cultural monument. In 1939 the community acquired the facility in order to restore it and convert it into a museum with the support of the Saxon Heritage Protection Association and the Erzgebirgsverein . The Second World War initially prevented the implementation of the plans. In 1949, maintenance work began again, but it was extremely hesitant. It was not until May 1, 1969, that the cultural monument was made accessible to the public as a technical display facility. In the following years the outdoor area was also designed. Renewal and reconstruction work took place between 1991 and 2000. The hammer mill (tail hammer) and the necessary system technology is complete and functional. A home parlor next to the hammer mill gives an insight into life in the Ore Mountains.

literature

  • Franz Eisel: Saxony's museums & exhibition facilities for mining and metallurgy. Husum Druck- und Verlagsgesellschaft, Husum 2007, ISBN 978-3-89876-326-4
  • Dorfchemnitz municipality council (ed.): Eisenhammer Dorfchemnitz. Dorfchemnitz 1989
  • Benno Reichel: The development of the Dorfchemnitz hammer mill in the Brand-Erbisdorf district. in: Sächsische Heimatblätter, No. 6/1958, pp. 354–362
  • Wolfgang Schmidt, Wilfried Theile: Monuments of the production and traffic history. Part 1. VEB Verlag für Bauwesen, Berlin 1989, ISBN 3-345-00312-0
  • Rudolf Schumann : The iron hammer in Dorfchemnitz and the oil mill in Friedebach. Two old workplaces in the eastern Ore Mountains. in: Mitteilungen des Landesverein Sächsischer Heimatschutz, Vol. XXIX, Issue 1–4 / 1940, Dresden 1940, pp. 43–53

Individual evidence

  1. REICHEL 1958, p. 355
  2. REICHEL 1958, p. 357
  3. REICHEL 1958, p. 356

Web links

Commons : Eisenhammer Dorfchemnitz  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 50 ° 46 ′ 14.9 "  N , 13 ° 25 ′ 50.4"  E