Ivory bolete
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Ivory boletus ( Suillus placidus ) |
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| Suillus placidus | ||||||||||||
| ( Bonord. ) Singer |
The ivory boletus ( Suillus placidus ) is a relatively rare edible mushroom from the family of smeared boletus relatives . It is a mycorrhizal fungus of the five-needle pine species .
features
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Macroscopic features
The hat is initially hemispherical to convex in shape. Later it flattens out and is often completely flat. It becomes 4 to 8, sometimes up to 10 centimeters wide. The surface of the hat is greasy in damp weather, a bit sticky and shiny in dry weather. In the youth stage it is ivory in color and later changes to yellowish to brownish yellow. The hat skin is removable.
The tubes are whitish and later cream to brownish yellow. They are four to ten millimeters long and slightly sloping down on the stem. The pores are whitish when young and later turn yellow to brownish. There are ocher-colored, milky drops that are particularly young and dry up later or when it is dry.
The cylindrical stem is between two and six, sometimes 10 centimeters long and can be up to 2 centimeters in diameter. It is often curved and usually pointed at the base. On a white to pale yellow surface there are darker "glandular points" along the entire length. These are initially reddish, later darker brown in color and partially flow together. When touched, they appear slightly resinous, with a somewhat unpleasant odor. The basal mycelium is whitish.
The flesh is soft, whitish when young and yellowish later. The smell is pleasant and the taste is mild. The spore powder is yellow olive.
Chemical reaction
The chemical reactions depend on the age of the fruiting bodies and the yellow discoloration. With potassium hydroxide , the surface of the hat turns slightly pink to violet, later brownish. The flesh turns purple, especially in the yellow areas. With ammonia , the hat reacts purple-violet, the meat purple, the pores salmon-pink to reddish-brown. A salmon-colored reaction appears on the yellow discoloration in the meat and an orange reaction on the tubes. With iron (II) sulfate , the fruiting bodies react violet-gray, in yellow areas blue-green.
Microscopic features
The spores are broad spindle to elliptical and about 7 to 10.5 by 2.5 to 4.0 micrometers in size. The basidia have a slim club-like shape and measure 20 to 30 by 5 to 7 micrometers. The cystidia are narrow spindle to cylindrical and somewhat club-like. They are 30 to 65 by 8 to 15 micrometers in size. Most of them have slightly yellowish tinted incrustations. The hat cover layer consists of interwoven, lying hyphae that are two to six micrometers wide.
Species delimitation
The ivory boletus is characterized by its very light colors with the ivory-white hat even when young, the conspicuous glandular points on the stem and the occurrence under five-needle pines. Dark-headed specimens are more difficult to distinguish.
For a long time, the ivory bolet was thought to be the ringless butter mushroom ( Suillus collinitus ). This usually has a darker, fibrous hat, yellowish pores, less conspicuous glandular points on the stem, an often pink base of the stem and a pink basal mycelium as well as more strongly colored flesh. It is also found among other species of pine.
Similarly, the occurring in the Alps can suillus plorans ( p Plorans be) restricted to pineal pines is bound. It has a yellow to orange-brown, fibrous hat and orange to olive-brown pores.
In southern Europe it can occur together with the small-spore pine boletus ( S. bellinii ), which can also have whitish colors when young. But it usually already has brownish spots. It is also tied to two-needle pine species.
Furthermore, there is the white form of the butter mushroom ( S. luteus f. Albus ) with yellowish pores as well as the white boletus ( S. hololeucus ), which is probably bound to larches , and the pink bolete ( S. roseoporus ) with pink pores for confusion in Question. In addition, these three extremely rare taxa have a ring and no yellow discoloration.
In North America it can be confused with S. unicolor . It is yellowish-white in color and has darker spots.
ecology
The ivory bolet grows in numerous forest types, also in parks and similar biotopes. It is strictly bound to five-needle pine species such as the Weymouth or the Swiss stone pine . The fungus prefers acidic soils. The fruiting bodies appear mostly gregarious or sometimes tufted, more rarely individually, especially in summer and autumn.
distribution
The ivory bolet is found in Europe mainly in the distribution area of the stone pine in the Alpine region , where it penetrates to heights of 2100 meters, and in eastern North America in the area of the Weymouth pine . It has been found in Germany, France, Italy, Austria, Switzerland, Slovakia and the Czech Republic. It was also found in Denmark, Sweden and the Netherlands. North Africa, China and Japan are also given. Information in southern Europe under two-needle pines presumably results in confusion with the small-spore pine boletus ( S. bellinii ).
meaning
The ivory bolet is well cooked and edible, especially after scraping off the thin skin of the stalk with the "glandular points".
swell
literature
- German Josef Krieglsteiner (Eds.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 .
- Hans E. Laux, Andreas Gminder: The great cosmos mushroom guide. All edible mushrooms with their poisonous doppelgangers. Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2010, ISBN 978-3-440-12408-6 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Hans E. Laux, Andreas Gminder: The great cosmos mushroom guide. All edible mushrooms with their poisonous doppelgangers. Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2010, ISBN 978-3-440-12408-6 , p. 60.
- ↑ a b Heinz Engel, Aurel Dermek with watercolors by Wolfgang Klofac, Erhard Ludwig, (Thomas Brückner): Smear and Filzröhrlinge s. l. in Europe. The genera: Boletellus , Boletinus , Phylloporus , Suillus , Xerocomus . Verlag H. Engel, Weidhausen near Coburg 1996, ISBN 3-926470-08-9 , p. 110 .
- ↑ a b c d e f Heinz Engel ao: lubricant and felt blooms s. l. in Europe . 1996, p. 112 .
- ↑ a b German Josef Krieglsteiner (ed.), Andreas Gminder, Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg. Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 , p. 303.
