Ellerlings
| Ellerlings | ||||||||||||
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Orange meadow celeriac |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Cuphophyllus | ||||||||||||
| ( Donk ) Bon |
The Ellerlinge ( Cuphophyllus , syn. Camarophyllus and Hygrocybe subgen. Cuphophyllus ) are a genus of mushrooms from the family of the snail relatives .
The type species is the orange meadow Ellerling ( Cuphophyllus pratensis ).
features
Macroscopic features
The Ellerlinge form relatively small to medium-sized, mostly inconspicuously colored, hat and stem structured fruiting bodies. The convex hats curve upwards at the edges with age. In contrast to the usually very slimy snails , they have dry hat and stem surfaces. Only the hats of the vitreous white Ellerling and other, rare or atypical species are slightly sticky in damp weather. The smooth surfaces often feel greasy and change their color when moistened ( hygrophanity ). The lamellae, which are glass or waxy like the meat, are almost distant or removed. They are broadly attached to the stalk or run down and are often connected by cross veins ( anastomoses ). There is no velum . The spore powder is white, the color reaction with iodine is negative.
Microscopic features
With the help of the microscope, the genus can be identified by means of the lamellae trama : It has an irregular structure. Snails, on the other hand, have a bilateral, sapling a regular lamellar trama.
ecology
The Ellerlinge live in Central Europe like the saplings ( Hygrocybe ) mostly grassland, especially nutrient-poor meadows, pastures and dry grasslands. They are saprobionts , possibly also symbionts with plants. Most species have specialized in poor, often quite dry locations and are sensitive to intensive grazing and (especially mineral) fertilization.
Danger
The Ellerlinge are generally residents of nutrient-poor grasslands, many species in Central Europe are endangered in their existence due to the conversion of dry grass and nutrient-poor pastures into high-yield grassland and the input of nutrients from the air or from adjacent agricultural areas.
For Danish (Ellerling and) sapling occurrences - according to Gminder also applicable for Germany - the following classification of sapling occurrences was carried out: Sites with 17–32 sapling species in total, during a single control 11–20 species are of national importance in terms of nature conservation, of regional importance Locations with 9–16 (during one inspection 6–10) species, of local importance those with 4–8 (3–5) species, while sites with only 1–3 species are rather insignificant.
species
The genus includes around 20 species in Europe:
| Ellerlinge ( Cuphophyllus ) in Europe |
Date- brown Ellerling
Cuphophyllus colemannianus
Violet-gray Ellerling
Cuphophyllus lacmus
Pale ocher Ellerling
Cuphophyllus ochraceopallida
Orange-colored meadow celeriac
Cuphophyllus pratensis
Juchten-Ellerling
Cuphophyllus russocoriaceus
Virgin Ellerling
Cuphophyllus virgineus
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Systematics
As with many mushrooms, the delimitation and understanding of the species by different authors is also different with the Ellerlingen. In addition, the Ellerlinge were previously assigned to the Saftlingen . Despite the similar fruiting bodies, they are not closely related to the genus, which justifies an independent genus.
meaning
From a nature conservation point of view, the Ellerlinge are valuable as indicators of nutrient-poor and largely undisturbed meadow and dry grass communities. Even if some species are edible, all Ellerlinge in Germany are protected under the Federal Species Protection Ordinance and may not be collected.
swell
literature
- David Boertmann: The genus Hygrocybe. Fungi of Northern Europe. Vol. 1. Svampetryk, Geve (Denmark). 1995. ISBN 8-7983-5811-1 .
- Edmund Garnweidner: Ellerlinge and Saftlinge. The genera Camarophyllus and Hygrocybe . Association for Mushroom Science Munich eV 1998.
- Massimo Candusso: Hygrophorus sl Fungi Europaei. Vol. 6. 1997. Libreria Basso, Alassio (Italy).
- Ewald Gerhardt: FSVO manual mushrooms . 3rd edition. BLV Verlag, Munich. 2002. ISBN 3-4051-4737-9 .
- German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder : Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 3: Mushrooms. Leaf mushrooms I. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3536-1 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Marcel Bon : Le genre Cuphophyllus (Donk) st. nov. In: Documents Mycologiques Volume 14 (56). Société mycologique du Nord de la France. 1984. page 10.
- ↑ Eric Strittmatter: The genus Cuphophyllus . On: fungiworld.com. Mushroom Taxa Database. July 30, 2010. Retrieved January 13, 2011.
- ↑ Erhard Ludwig: Descriptions. The remaining genera of Agaricales with white spore powder . In: Mushroom Compendium . tape 3 . Fungicon, Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-940316-03-5 .
- ↑ P. Brandon Matheny, Valérie Hofstetter, M. Catherine Aime, Jean-Marc Moncalvo, Zai-Wei Ge, Zhu-Liang Yang, Jason C. Slot, Joseph F. Ammirati, Timothy J. Baroni, Neale L. Bougher, Karen W. Hughes, D. Jean Lodge, Richard W. Kerrigan, Michelle T. Seidl, Duur K. Aanen, Matthew DeNitis, Graciela M. Daniele, Dennis E. Desjardin, Bradley R. Kropp, Lorelei L. Norvell, Andrew Parker, Else C. Vellinga, Rytas Vilgalys, David S. Hibbett: Major clades of Agaricales: a multilocus phylogenetic overview . Section Hygrophoroid clade (III), 3rd paragraph. Mycologia 98 (6). 2006. pp. 982-995.
- ^ German Society for Mycology: The positive list of edible mushrooms. June 20, 2019, accessed August 3, 2020.
