Emmy Beckmann

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Emmy Dora Caroline Beckmann (born April 12, 1880 in Wandsbek ; † December 24, 1967 in Hamburg ) was a German educator and politician ( DDP , FDP ).

Life

Employment certificate for Emmy Beckmann at the vocational school for girls.

Beckmann, whose older brother Heinz was the main pastor at St. Nikolai , worked as a teacher in Hamburg from 1911. In 1925 she traveled to Washington as a delegate to the international women's congress. In 1926 she was appointed headmistress of what was then the Helene-Lange-Oberrealschule . A year later she became the first woman in Hamburg to become a senior school officer.

In a publication in 1932 Beckmann took a position against the National Socialists, who were also emerging in Hamburg, among other things. Like many other democratically minded people in the Weimar Republic , Beckmann was removed from office by the National Socialists in 1933 and retired early on the grounds that he was “nationally unreliable”. During the National Socialist era, she and her twin sister Hanna withdrew into inner emigration . As early as 1945 she was reinstated as a high school councilor by Heinrich Landahl . She played a key role in the reconstruction of the Hamburg school system.

Emmy Beckmann campaigned for women all her life. Among other things, in 1915 she was a founding member of the Hamburg Women's Association, published the source books on women's life in history and was one of the founders of the Hamburg Women's Ring in 1946 . At the beginning of 1948 she initiated the re-establishment of the Hamburg Association of Women Academics, to which she had already belonged during the Weimar period and which today belongs to the German Association of Women Academics . Beckmann has headed the latter since its re-establishment in 1949.

Beckmann was a member of the Board of Trustees of the Friedrich Naumann Foundation for Freedom from 1958 to 1960 .

After her death in 1967 she was buried in the Ohlsdorf cemetery. The common grave slab for her and her sister is now in the women's garden .

Grave slab for Hanna and Emmy Beckmann in the women's garden at Ohlsdorf cemetery .

Political party

In the Weimar Republic, Emmy Beckmann was a member of the DDP (from 1930: German State Party ). In 1945 she took part in the founding of the Free Democrats Party , which later became the Hamburg FDP regional association. Within the party, she was part of the left wing of the party. Along with Hans-Harder Biermann-Ratjen , Harald Abatz , Max Dibbern , Anton Leser and Lieselotte Anders, she was one of the signatories of Edgar Engelhard's call for a liberal collection of January 20, 1951, which opposed the plans of the regional associations of North Rhine-Westphalia, Hesse and Lower Saxony decided to turn the FDP into a party of the national rally.

MPs

From 1921 to 1933 and from 1949 to 1957 Beckmann was a member of the Hamburg parliament . As early as 1946, the British occupying power wanted to appoint her to the Appointed Citizenship, but she refused to do so in view of her professional activity as a high school councilor. During the deliberations on the new Hamburg Constitution , she requested that the sentence “Women must belong to the Senate” be included in Article 33, but could not get her way. Even from their own parliamentary group, only Emilie Kiep-Altenloh , Lieselotte Anders , Walter Brosius and Hans-Harder Biermann-Ratjen voted for the proposal. After the state elections in 1953 she was proposed by the Hamburg women's associations alongside Emilie Kiep-Altenloh for a senatorial office, but was not given a chance. In 1957 she was re-elected to the citizenry, but renounced the mandate for reasons of age. The focus of their parliamentary work was education policy. In contrast to Senator Heinrich Landahl and the SPD , she spoke out against the six-year elementary school and in favor of the 13th grade at the grammar school. She justified this with the fact that six years at the grammar school were too short for an introduction to scientific work at the university.

In the first federal election in 1949 , she ran behind Hermann Schäfer and Willy Max Rademacher in third place on the FDP state list, which, however, was not enough to enter the Bundestag . Beckmann took part in the first Federal Assembly as one of the representatives of Hamburg.

Honors

  • In 1953 Emmy Beckmann received the Great Federal Cross of Merit . In 1957 the Senate awarded her the title of professor. In addition, in 1961 she was the first woman ever to be awarded the Mayor Stolten Medal .
  • Emmy Beckmann was portrayed by the Hamburg painter Ilse Tesdorpf-Edens (1892–1966), whose works, created until 1943, were lost in a bomb attack.
  • In 1980 the Emmy-Beckmann-Weg in Niendorf was named after her in honor of the politician and women's rights activist .
  • Her person and her work will be remembered today in the Ohlsdorf cemetery in the women's garden.

Publications

  • About the position and occupation of women . undated, undated after May 1932.
  • Sources on the history of the women's movement , with Elisabeth Kardel, Verlag Moritz Diesterweg, Frankfurt am Main 1955.
  • What i loved here. Letters from Helene Lange . With a portrait of Gertrud Bäumer , Wunderlich-Verlag, Tübingen 1957.

literature

  • Rita Bake : Who is behind this? Streets, squares and bridges in Hamburg named after women. 4th updated and expanded edition, Hamburg 2005.
  • Rita Bake: Emmy Beckmann detailed biography in the database of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg Frauenbiografien.de ( accessed March 28, 2020)
  • Christof Brauers: The FDP in Hamburg 1945 to 1953. Start as a bourgeois left party (= Association for Democratic Openness . DemOkrit. 3). With a foreword by Hildegard Hamm-Brücher , Martin Meidenbauer Verlagbuchhandlung, Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-89975-569-5 . Dissertation, Helmut Schmidt University 2004.
  • Irma Hildebrandt : Always against the wind. 18 portraits of women from Hamburg. Diederichs, Kreuzlingen 2003, ISBN 3-7205-2466-3 .
  • Helmut Stubbe da Luz : Beckmann, Emmy . In: Franklin Kopitzsch, Dirk Brietzke (Hrsg.): Hamburgische Biographie . tape 5 . Wallstein, Göttingen 2010, ISBN 978-3-8353-0640-0 , p. 41-44 .
  • Helmut Stubbe da Luz: Emmy Beckmann (1880–1967), Hamburg's most influential women's rights activist . In: Journal of the Association for Hamburg History, Vol. 73, 1987, pp. 97-138.
  • Helmut Stubbe da Luz: Emmy Beckmann: "... giving space to the maternal principle in the world" . In: Ilse Brehmer: Motherhood as a profession? CVs of German pedagogues in the first half of this century . Vol. 1, Pfaffenweiler 1990, pp. 95-109.

Web links

Commons : Emmy Beckmann  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Short biography of Beckmann ( Memento of the original from September 25, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. .  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / biografien-news.blog.de
  2. ↑ Emmy Beckmann: To the position and occupation of women. o. O., o. J. After May 1932 (after Rita Bake in Frauenbiographien.de)
  3. ↑ Brauers, p. 488.
  4. ↑ Brauers, p. 653.
  5. ^ Letter from the Hamburg Women's Organizations Working Group to Erik Blumenfeld , the chairman of the Hamburg bloc parliamentary group from November 17, 1953, in the Liberalism Archive , Gummersbach , FDP parliamentary group in the Hamburg Citizenship, 30418/2.
  6. ↑ detailed biography of Rita Bake at Frauenbiografien.de
  7. ↑ After Rita Bake: Emmy Beckmann.
personal data
SURNAME Beckmann, Emmy
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Beckmann, Emmy Dora Caroline (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German educator and politician (DDP, FDP)
DATE OF BIRTH April 12, 1880
PLACE OF BIRTH Wandsbek
DATE OF DEATH December 24, 1967
Place of death Hamburg