Ohlsdorf cemetery

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The cemetery administration

The Ohlsdorf cemetery (until 1991 the main cemetery in Ohlsdorf ) in the Hamburg district of Ohlsdorf was inaugurated on July 1, 1877 and, with 389  hectares, is the largest park cemetery in the world. 202,000 graves are distributed over the entire area. Over 1.4 million burials have taken place in the Ohlsdorf cemetery since it was founded, with an additional 4,500 burials annually. For comparison: The Vienna Central Cemetery has a size of 250 hectares with 330,000 grave sites.

Cherry avenue running in north-south direction in the eastern part of the cemetery

The appearance of the area is determined by the park character of the complex with several hundred deciduous and coniferous species as well as ponds and streams and a landscape that is characterized by a mixture of historical buildings, garden monuments and modern themed graves. Characteristic for the structure of the facility are dead straight streets and paths that run in an exact east-west or north-south direction, as well as evenly gently curved streets and paths with chessboard-like plots in between. The road system, which is lined with plants throughout, is loosened up by roundabouts. Newer systems include butterfly graves, columbaria and pair systems. The cemetery is widely used by touristsvisited, especially when the rhododendrons are in bloom in late April to early June.

Transport links

The Ohlsdorf cemetery has four entrances. In a clockwise direction, the main entrance Fuhlsbüttler Strasse in the west, Borstels Ende in the north, entrance Bramfeld in the east and Seehof in the south are mentioned. There are also five pedestrian entrances, the Ohlsdorf station entrance and the side entrance at Forum Ohlsdorf, both on Fuhlsbüttler Straße, the Kleine Horst entrance and the Hoheneichen entrance in the north and the Eichenlohweg entrance in the south.

The site is accessed by a road network approved for motor vehicle traffic totaling 17 kilometers, the other access routes have a total length of 80 kilometers. Traffic through the cemetery is not allowed. The maximum speed is 30 km / h. The cemetery is connected to the public transport network through the nearby Hamburg-Ohlsdorf train station on the S 1 and U 1, the Kornweg and Hoheneichen S-Bahn stations to the north of the S 1 and the Klein Borstel subway station on the U 1. In addition, the bus routes 170 and 270 of the Hamburger Verkehrsverbund operate within the cemetery and there are 22 stops. The bus line 270 leads from the main entrance to the Seehof entrance. Bus line 170 from the main entrance to the Bramfeld entrance. All chapels are close to bus stops.

structure

The Ohlsdorfer Friedhof has an area of ​​389 hectares, extends in west-east direction over a length of 3.8 kilometers and from north to south with an average of 1.5 kilometers with a longest extension of 2.2 kilometers. Its circumference is 11.5 kilometers. As the main cemetery, it was subject to the building authorities until 1991 , then it was placed under the administration of the Landesbetrieb Friedhöfe together with the Öjendorf cemetery , which was transferred to the Hamburg cemeteries AöR in 1995 as an institution under public law .

The first cemetery plan was published as early as 1892 to give visitors a guide. A coordinate network that is still valid today was created . The older Cordesteil , with the curved network of paths of a landscape garden, and the extension called Linneteil , with the clear, geometrical routing , are clearly distinguishable in the layout . The major route from west to east is from the main entrance to the chapel 10 the Cordesallee , it leads from there as Mittelallee initially in an arc, then continue in a straight line east to the chapel 13. The naming of streets in Cordesteil directed generally according to the topographical conditions, such as Bergstraße , Talstraße , Teichstraße but also Norderstraße , Westring or Kapellenstraße . In the Linnet part, the paths are usually named after the tree species with which they are planted on the edge, such as oak avenue , ash avenue or cherry avenue . The Sorbusallee is named accordingly, but with the Latin name of the tree species. The official map shows 22 street names, only 6 of them in the Linneteil, 3 in the area of ​​the border between the two parts and 13 in the Cordesteil. The street names are not recorded in conventional navigation systems.

The park maintenance as well as the grave facilities are the tasks of seven master gardeners who are assigned to the respective districts distributed over the site . They are located at chapels 1, 4, 6, 9, 10, 12 and 13. There is also a horticultural depot at the Bramfeld entrance. The water is supplied via 120 kilometers of water pipes and 700 wells . In addition, there are 2,800 benches in the entire complex.

The annual reports of the Hamburger Friedhöfe AöR document the steadily decreasing space requirement for grave sites, which makes management increasingly difficult. In particular, the trend towards urn community facilities as well as the increasing number of sea and forest burials pose particular challenges for securing cemetery maintenance.

history

prehistory

The Cordes Fountain

Until the end of the 18th century, the dead in Hamburg were usually buried in burial grounds and in crypts near parishes . For reasons of space and hygiene , inner-city burials were generally banned in 1812, and extensive cemeteries were laid out in front of the city gates to replace them. So from 1789 the St. Jacobi churchyard in front of the Steintor , at today's Kirchenallee, and from 1793 the Dammtorfriedhöfe on the area in front of the Dammtor , at today's exhibition grounds and Planten un Blomen up to the Sternschanze . Due to the enormous population growth and the planned expansion of the city, these facilities soon proved to be too narrow, so that from 1854 the Hamburg Senate began to consider further relocation and the creation of a new large cemetery.

Concrete plans were made from 1870 onwards; they were marked by a serious upheaval in the customs and traditions in the funeral system . This should be taken from the sovereignty of the churches, placed under municipal administration and thus opened to the dead of all religions and denominations under the sign of secularization . This development went hand in hand with a need for an aestheticization of the cemeteries , the stone churchyards should be replaced by the embedding of the graves in green spaces. Basic humanistic ideas demanded piety for all and thus also for the poor sections of the population individual graves instead of mass graves . In addition, the closure of all individual inner-city cemeteries and thus the creation of a central cemetery was planned.

In 1873 three members each of the Senate and three members of the citizenry founded the commission for relocating the burial grounds . A year later, the city bought around 130 hectares of meadows and fields between Fuhlsbüttler Strasse and the Prussian border in the direction of Bramfeld , at that time located far outside the urban residential areas. The main features of the cemetery design go back to a preliminary general plan by the chief engineer Franz Andreas Meyer from 1875, with which it was determined that the "entire complex must be kept park-like and landscaped in accordance with the surroundings, although limited architectural decoration should by no means be ruled out" .

Plant of the cemetery

The memorial to the first buried

In 1876, the city commissioned the architect Johann Wilhelm Cordes with the concrete elaboration of the general plan and its implementation . In 1879 he was appointed cemetery administrator and in 1898 cemetery director, a position he held until his death in 1917. Right at the beginning of his term of office, even before the final concept was drawn up, it was necessary to occupy an "aptirte part". This provisional burial area initially comprised an area of ​​six hectares north of today's Chapel 1.

On July 1, 1877, the cemetery was opened in a solemn act, which included the first three burials. These were deceased from the St. Georg General Hospital , who came from a class of the population whose relatives had not been able to afford individual graves until then. These first burials lived up to the claim that affordable prices should make it possible for everyone to find single graves in the new cemetery. In 1902 the memorial for the first buried was erected at this place , it is a boulder with an embedded bronze plaque. ( → Location : U 9)

With the purchase of the Ohlsdorf lands, the city had also acquired the farmhouse of the previous owner Hein Hinrich Schwen , which was converted into a provisional chapel. It also contained an office and an apartment for the cemetery attendant, the former hall served as a party room and a remote barn was used to store corpses. The former Schwen farmhouse was demolished in 1896 to accommodate the main entrance that still exists today.

At the Paris World Exhibition in 1900, Cemetery Director Cordes and the Hamburg Senate were awarded a Grand Prix in recognition of the global role model function of the presented cemetery complex: The exhibits were a relief plan and 32 photos by the Hamburg photographer Georg Koppmann and 14 watercolors by the painter Friedrich Schwinge (1852-1913 ).

In the course of his almost 40-year term in office, Wilhelm Cordes played a key role in shaping the western part of the cemetery , named after him . Its models were American park cemeteries and English landscaped gardens with hills and water forms, paths and plantations based on nature. A large part of the buildings can be traced back to Cordes, for example the first eight chapels, built between 1880 and 1912, of which six have been preserved. The administration building was also built according to his plans in 1909/1910; together with the porter's house and two retirade buildings at the main entrance , it forms a representative neo-baroque ensemble.

Extensions

The cemetery was continuously expanded through further acquisitions, so around 1900 the Ohlsdorfer and Borsteler Feldmark were added, an area of ​​over 60 hectares, today accessible through the west, north and east ring, and from 1913 areas of the Bramfelder Feldmark in the east of 156 hectares. Up until 1919, the expansion took place in several steps up to Bramfelder Chaussee , which included areas beyond Hamburg's national territory that were previously on Prussian territory .

In 1919 the horticultural director Otto Linne took over the office of the cemetery director. He fundamentally changed the planning for the eastern expansion area and was based on the ideas of the cemetery reform movement. Clearly visible is the abandonment of the landscape design principle in favor of a factual and geometric layout with clear lines of what is now known as the Linnet part . In 1928 the last extension was the Prökelmoorteich pond east of the Kornweg entrance. In 1930 the site was developed with its largest extension of around 400 hectares, which is roughly the size it is today.

As early as 1929 it was expected that the capacity of the cemetery would be exhausted in the 1940s, as no further expansion was possible. The city bought land in Öjendorf for the construction of another central cemetery, but due to the changes caused by the Second World War , the Öjendorf cemetery was only opened in 1966.

Cemetery culture

After 1930, changes only took place within the cemetery area by removing and replacing old burial grounds. The development of the aesthetic cemetery design from the bourgeois tomb cult to strict standardization was continued during the National Socialist era . With the enactment of new regulations for the decoration of graves and ash places and the replacement of the grave monuments approval and advice center by the cemetery culture service , which was influenced by the Reich Chamber of Culture , the individual design options were further restricted. The cemetery law of 1948 also left little room for maneuver, although new impulses for the design of tombs were given in the 1950s and 1960s. It was not until the changes in the culture of mourning from the 1970s that a development towards “cemetery cultural diversification ” began. In addition to the fields for conventional coffin and urn graves, areas for lawn graves, couple graves, communal graves and anonymous urn groves were created. A clear departure from the standardized burial ground is the Ohlsdorf forest of rest north of Chapel 11 , in which urns are buried under trees in a natural area ( → location : Bx 64 / Bw 64)

Reduction of the burial area

As early as 2015, only half of the 400 hectare cemetery area (200 hectares) will be used for burials. The other half is parkland. Because of the decline in deaths, less space required by urns instead of coffins, other forms of burial (sea burial, cemetery), the burial area is being reduced and the remaining area is being used.

The entire system

The Margarethenbrunnen, created on the occasion of the Federal Horticultural Show in 1953

The entire system was made more concrete in 1881 by a general plan drawn up by Wilhelm Cordes, which was valid until 1919 and was implemented in what is now known as the Cordesteil . For the expansions in the eastern part, the plans were fundamentally changed according to Otto Linne's ideas and were implemented in what is now known as the Linne part by 1930 .

Cord part

The model for the new construction of the Ohlsdorf Cemetery was the rural cemetries that were created in the USA during the early 19th century , such as the Mount Auburn Cemetery near Boston , which was in turn based on the concept of the English landscape garden. Elements in it are an irregular route, designed hills and ponds and forest-like areas. Wilhelm Cordes, however, saw the difficulty in the explanations that with such new facilities, initially no consideration was given to the actual purpose, the funerals, and so the beautiful park facilities were destroyed again by being occupied with graves. This problem was exacerbated by the then newly emerging claim to create an individual grave for everyone, so that from the outset around 70 percent of the area was intended for general graves closely arranged in rows . For his planning, Cordes formulated the stipulation that the peculiarities of the cemetery system must be included in the design, the various demands must be measured against each other and reflected in artistic form, "only then will the facility be practical and at the same time beautiful."

Cordes created the balance between the park and the cemetery by delimiting the row graves with dense planting on the edges and in front of smaller family graves, which are not visible from the ring-like bypass roads and are embedded in landscape scenery. The artistic designs were also determined by expediency, ponds were created in places that were unsuitable for burials due to the loamy soil layers, together with artificial streams they also form a sophisticated drainage system . Cordes included the hills in the geest landscape in the design and had them partially planted with alpine flora.

Family graves

  • Grave of Ernst Voss

  • Community
    burial ground Laeisz / Hanssen /
    Canel / Meerwein
    (1886–1917)

  • Burial place of the Laeisz family

  • Burial place of the Canel family

Shortly after the opening, only people from the poor sections of the population were buried in Ohlsdorf, at that time far outside the city. But Cordes' plan gave the wealthy Hamburg families the opportunity to occupy large, screened grave areas and to create a place of remembrance for several generations. They could be created individually, shielded from neighboring graves by planting and made accessible via their own paths. The design was subject to only a few regulations and left a lot of artistic freedom. The first such scenic family grave site was taken over by the Laeisz family with their relatives Canel, Hanssen and Meerwein in 1881 . ( → Situation : V 8) and triggered a real trend among the Hanseatic people to turn away from the conventional stone tomb.

A grave cult developed in the context of the contemporary enthusiasm for monuments, architects were commissioned with the creation of exclusive grave structures, representative grave chapels , mausoleums and porticos. In particular, the area at the north pond and the forest-like planted northern area were covered with partly large-scale family facilities or imposing buildings and decorated with statues, sculptures, tomb walls, plant arrangements, walls and stairs. Among the well-known artists who created these works were, among others, Xaver Arnold , Ernst Barlach , Arthur Bock , Hans Dammann , Martin Haller , Richard Kuöhl , Hugo Lederer , Albert Leistner , Richard Luksch , Gerhard Marcks , Hermann Perl , Heinrich Pohlmann , Hans Martin Ruwoldt , Fritz Schumacher , Stephan Sinding , Oskar Ulmer , Heinrich Wefing , Oskar Witt . With this type of grave, “the new ideal of burial was implemented in a lovely place in the middle of nature, where civil privacy was also preserved.”

Althamburg Memorial Cemetery

Hamburg, Ohlsdorf cemetery, Althamburgischer Gedächtnisfriedhof: Christ the Redeemer statue from 1904 made of white marble by Xaver Arnold at the end of the visual axis
Grave of the painter Philipp Otto Runge in the Althamburg Memorial Cemetery, part of the Ohlsdorf Cemetery in Hamburg
Perspective at the Gründgens / Ehre graves

Between 1896 and 1905 the Althamburg Memorial Cemetery , then called Ehrenfriedhof , was laid out opposite the main entrance . ( → Location : P 6) Its structure is that of the ground floor of a Baroque garden with symmetrically arranged pathways and columnar yew trees . Above the garden on a staircase is a larger than life, widely visible statue of Christ made of white marble. It is the work of the sculptor Xaver Arnold and was donated in 1905 by the shipowner Friedrich Wencke (1842–1905). The Ehrenfriedhof is considered to be the “historical memory of Hamburg”, as people were buried here, “whose work was significant for Hamburg”. In the first few years of its existence as well as from 1926 onwards, important personalities were reburied here from the old cemeteries ( Steintor- and Dammtorfriedhöfe ), and in the 1950s the bones from the cemeteries in Hamm , Eilbek and Wandsbek were added. Since 1998, other people whose resting time in their original burial place had expired were moved here. The public interest rest period for these graves is unlimited.

The tombs are arranged along the axes according to occupation and importance groups. There are 74 collective graves, for example for mayors, senators, merchants, lawyers, the pastors of the main churches , poets and writers, musicians, actors, teachers from various schools or architects, and six family graves, for example for the Anderson and Rodenborg families, the family of the painter Philipp Otto Runge , the von Struve family, the Anckelmann family , Kellinghusen , Overdiek and Rodriga, the Merck family and for the Gossler family . The members of the von Kielmansegg family , who were formerly buried in the Hamburg cathedral , including Friedrich Christian Kielman von Kielmansegg, are in the area of cathedral chapter and nobility . There are also ten individual graves in this complex. In 1905 the scholar and teacher at the Academic Gymnasium Vincent Placcius (1642–1699) and the archivist Johann Martin Lappenberg (1794–1865) were reburied from the St. Georg cemetery . The master builder Alexis de Chateauneuf (1799–1853), the theater director Friedrich Ludwig Schröder (1744–1816) and the translator Johann Diederich Gries (1775–1842) were also relocated here, and the director of the Kunsthalle Alfred Lichtwark (1852–1914 ) was directly buried ), the painter Anita Rée (1885–1933), the actor Robert Nhil (1858–1938), the architects Fritz Schumacher (1869–1947) and Gustav Oelsner (1879–1956). The graves of Ida Ehre (1900–1989) and Gustaf Gründgens (1899–1963) can also be found on the eastern edge .

The gardens fell into disrepair from the 1950s and were partially reconstructed in 1998 with the help of donations, but the former rose plantings could not be preserved or taken up again. A rose bush of the Rosa venusta pendula variety grows only on Alfred Lichtwark's tomb .

Women's garden

The women's garden is a burial ground in the Cordesteil of the cemetery and a memorial in which women who were important in Hamburg's history are remembered. It is about a thousand square meters to the northeast of the water tower ( → location : O – P. 27), which was opened in July 2001 and on which there are around a hundred graves, gravestones and memorial stones. The area is looked after by the Garden of Women Association, founded in 2000 on the initiative of the historians Rita Bake , Helga Diercks-Norden and Silke Urbanski . V. Women can also be buried in this garden.

rose Garden

Rose garden in grid square K 9 of the Ohlsdorf cemetery
Cordes monument at the Ohlsdorf cemetery

South of the southern pond is the rose garden with 2,700 roses. It was restored in 1997. Part of the rose garden is the memorial to the first cemetery director Wilhelm Cordes .

Ilandkoppel Jewish Cemetery

During the planning phase for the central burial site, the board of directors of the Hamburg German-Israelite community asked the Senate to share in the site for the central Jewish cemetery. After a few negotiations, a compromise was found between the request from the Jewish religion for eternal rest for the dead and the temporary lease promised by the city . The Ilandkoppel cemetery on a 10-hectare site in the immediate vicinity was designed according to plans by the architect Johann Wilhelm Cordes and inaugurated in 1883. He replaced the Grindelfriedhof, where the last burial took place in 1909, as the main burial place. The funeral hall, designed by the architect August Pieper , was also built in 1883.

Linnet part

The expansion to the east created from 1920 under the cemetery director Otto Linne represents a clear departure from the previous design principles. The social upheavals after the First World War also affected the cemetery and funeral system. One of the basic ideas of the cemetery reform movement, which arose from the criticism of the upper-class tomb culture, was to make society's reference to community visible in the overall picture. In accordance with this, the layout of the Linnet part is based on a factual and functionalist floor plan.

Differentiation from the cord part

The line of transitions from the Cordesteil runs west of the entrance to Borstels Ende along the long rows of soldiers' graves from the First World War and then bends in an easterly direction at the Mittelallee bus stop . The total area of ​​around 200 hectares is divided into garden-like grave quarters, separated by rows of hedges and trees. The paths, garden elements and ponds are laid out with clear lines and form basic geometric shapes. The grave design was also adapted, the type and design of grave monuments were subject to restrictive regulations so that the representative family graves, as they can be found in the Cordesteil, do not occur in this part of the cemetery.

Chapels

Chapels 9 and 10 were built in 1918 as temporary emergency chapels as part of the cemetery expansion, No. 9 has been preserved to this day, No. 10 burned down in 1980 and was replaced by a new building. The location of chapel 11 was also reserved for the construction of an emergency chapel, but the current building dates from 1950/1951. Chapel 12 was inaugurated in 1923, it goes back to plans by the architects Zauleck and Hormann and is a wooden post construction in the local style, filled with ornamental masonry . The chapel 13 is a design Fritz Schumacher and corresponds with its austere brick design and the high, small-scale stained glass windows with geometric cemetery complex of Linne part. It was completed in 1929 as the eastern end of Mittelallee .

Graves of different religions

The cemetery is open to all nations and all religions. There are tombs of the Chinese Association, the Japanese Colony, the German-Baltic Cemetery Association and the Iranian-Muslim community.

Tomb open-air museums

When the cemeteries in front of the city gates were closed, tombs worth preserving were placed in the so-called memorial courtyard of the Ohlsdorf cemetery. In 1935 two separate areas were established:

Open-air tomb museum Heckengarten (location: Bh 54-55) east of chapel 10 / south of "T" pond. A total of about 159 family tombstones and 39 tomb slabs were erected there.

  • Hedge garden

  • FreilichtmuseumHeckengarten FriedhofOhlsdorf2.JPG

Open-air tomb museum of the Ämtersteine (location: T 27-28) south of Kapellenstrasse ( location ). The tombs come from the cemeteries in front of the city gates. They were moved here in 1935 when the Dammtor cemeteries were converted into Planten un Blomen Park . The tombs of the offices (= craft guild associations) and brotherhoods (= free death benefit associations) remained in the redesigned memorial yard at the Ohlsdorf cemetery .

  • Ämtersteine ​​open-air museum HH-Ohlsdorf1.JPG

  • Office stones

  • Ämtersteine ​​open-air museum HH-Ohlsdorf2.JPG

In the immediate vicinity of the museum there are also two areas with exemplary tombs from the first half of the 20th century (left) and from the early days of the cemetery (right).

  • Museum area tombs from the 20s / 30s

  • Friedhofsmuseum Ohlsdorf4.JPG

  • Museum area tombs early days

  • Friedhofsmuseum Ohlsdorf6.JPG

Buildings

Chapels

For funeral ceremonies, there are twelve chapels surrounded by grave fields on the cemetery grounds , which are consecutively numbered and also named with the numbers. These numbers approximate the order in which they were built and the grave fields belonging to them were opened up when the cemetery was expanded. Chapels 1 to 8 are in the old, western part ( Cordes part ), chapels 9 to 13 in the new, eastern part ( Linne part ). The chapels 1 to 4 are in the older part of the cemetery. Chapel 5 burned down in 1940 because a furnace overheated and was not replaced. It was similar to today's chapels 3, 4 and 6 to 8 and stood on the so-called roundabout , where the Ostring, Kapellenstraße and Krieger-Ehrenallee meet today ( → location : W – X. 30). Chapels 6 to 8 are in the northern forest area, chapel 10 at the end of Cordesallee and chapels 9 and 11 to 13 in the eastern part. The number 11 had been kept free for a third emergency chapel and was only built in 1950, the 1 and 10 have predecessors, and the very first chapel stood in the area of ​​the administration building and was demolished before chapel 4 was built.

chapel location annotation Illustration
Chapel 1 Kapellenstrasse
Location: T 9 ( → Location ) 		Originally built in 1880 as a makeshift wooden chapel from a former farmhouse; Replaced in 1965 by a new building, designed by Ursula Suhr , refurbished in 1995, the interior was renovated in accordance with historic monuments in 2019, it has 30 seats.
Chapel 1 - Hamburg-Ohlsdorf cemetery.jpg
Chapel 2 Side avenue
location: V 18 ( → location ) 		Oldest stone building in the cemetery; Erected in 1886 according to plans by Wilhelm Cordes in the neo-Gothic style of the Hanover School , refurbished in 2000, and in 2019 a renovation and restoration was carried out in accordance with the requirements of historical monuments. It has 52 seats
Chapel 2 - Hamburg-Ohlsdorf Cemetery.jpg
Chapel 3 Oberstrasse
Location: H – J. 19-20 ( → location ) 		The smallest chapel with 53 seats; Erected in 1894 according to plans by Wilhelm Cordes.
3264 Chapel 3 Ohlsdorf Cemetery.JPG
Chapel 4 Bergstrasse
location: F 12 ( → location ) 		Erected in 1898 according to plans by Wilhelm Cordes; For structural reasons, the roof turret was removed in 1996 . It has 70 seats
1342 Chapel 4, Ohlsdorf.JPG
Chapel 6 Nordring / Ostring
location: AD – AE 30 ( → location ) 		Built in 1905 according to plans by Wilhelm Cordes and Albert Erbe in the Heimat style. It has 60 seats.

There are no more funerals there today. The chapel is used by the KulturKleinBorstel association for readings, concerts, philosophical discussions and other cultural events.

1339 Chapel 6, Ohlsdorf.JPG
Chapel 7 Westring
location: AE – AF 20 ( → location ) 		Built in 1907/08 according to plans by Wilhelm Cordes. As with Chapel 4, the roof turret was removed here too. It has 60 seats.
Chapel 7 - Hamburg-Ohlsdorf Cemetery.jpg
Chapel 8 Westring
location: AE 8–9 ( → location ) 		First  Columbarium The
last building planned by Wilhelm Cordes and the largest of his six chapels in a similar style (chapels 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8); Renovated in 1998 and converted into a columbarium and open daily. It has 70 seats
3246 Chapel 8 Ohlsdorf Cemetery.JPG
Chapel 9 Friedhofsweg
Location: AB – AC 40 ( → Location ) 		Built in 1918 as a wooden emergency chapel and completely renovated in 1997. It has 40 seats.
1338 Chapel 9, Ohlsdorf.JPG
Chapel 10 Südallee
Location: M – N. 30–31 ( → location ) 		Like Chapel 9 built as an emergency chapel in wood construction; In 1980 it burned down and was replaced by the current building in 1983. It has 151 seats.
1325 Chapel 10, Ohlsdorf.JPG
Chapel 11 Eschenallee
location: Bw 66-67 ( → location ) 		Second columbarium
planned by the Building Department in 1950/51 and designed as a red brick building with a glass front. The exposure is through an inner courtyard, the eastern part of which was converted into a columbarium in 2004. It has 80 seats.
1335 Chapel 11, Ohlsdorf.JPG
Chapel 12 Lärchenallee
location: Bk 62–63 ( → location ) 		Designed by the architects Zauleck and Hormann in the four-country style with decorative masonry and inaugurated in 1923. Thoroughly renovated in 1985/86 and awarded a prize for exemplary monument preservation in 1990. It has 48 seats.
Hamburg-Ohlsdorf Cemetery - Chapel12.jpg
Chapel 13 Mittelallee
location: Bm 69 ( → location ) 		Designed by Fritz Schumacher and completed in 1929 as a monumental rotunda in north German brick architecture. It contains many small stained glass windows designed by Fritz Hussmann. In 1996 the building was renovated. It has 151 seats.
Hamburg-Ohlsdorf Cemetery - Chapel13.jpg

Mausoleums

In the cemetery, exclusively in the Cordesteil, there are a total of 21 mausoleums in the form of funerary chapels, tombs and pillared halls, 16 of which were built between 1887 and 1926. Nine modern mausoleum buildings have followed since 2005. Since after 1900 a selected area on the northern edge of the cemetery was allocated for the construction, ten of these graves can be found on the west ring, in the vicinity of chapel 7. Other grave structures are located east and south-east of chapel 8 in the area of ​​Norderstrasse and Waldstrasse and east of chapel 2 on Kapellenstrasse. In the case of many of the old mausoleums, the owners 'families' rights of use have expired; since about 2000 these have been sponsored by new users.

mausoleum location annotation Illustration
Mausoleum brown East of Waldstrasse, south of Kapellenstrasse (grave site S 25)
→ Lage 		Rectangular building made of reddish granite with antique elements, built in 2007 according to plans by the architect Jürgen Quast.
Braun Mausoleum (Hamburg-Ohlsdorf Cemetery) .1.ajb.jpg
Mausoleum Campe West of Teichstraße at the confluence area Norderstraße / Waldstraße (grave location Y 13)
→ Lage 		Erected in 1915 for the family of the publisher Julius Campe according to plans by the architect Alexander Rudeloff . A tall, narrow central building made of shell limestone forms the entrance to four underground tombs. Restored in 1997 by the Campe'sche Kulturstiftung .
Mausoleum Campe.jpg
Cazalli crypt South of Norderstraße at the confluence area Teichstraße / Waldstraße (grave location Z 12, on the way) Crypt structure built in 1921, only the tomb with a hollow tombstone and a sarcophagus-like crypt slab is visible. It is the entrance to a masonry crypt with space for four coffins, which is considered a modified form of a mausoleum.
Gruftbau Cazalli FriedhofOhlsdorf (3) .jpg
Friedrich burial chapel At the eastern end of the Nebenallee (grave location V 25-26)
→ Lage 		Built in 1908 for the family of Louis Christfried Friedrich according to plans by the architects Wünsche and Würdemann, neo-Gothic building with a prayer room in which four urns are housed.
Friedrich Grabkapelle (Hamburg-Ohlsdorf Cemetery) .2.ajb.jpg
Gundlach mausoleum north of chapel 7 (grave location AG 19)
→ location 		Concrete cube built in 2008 in the size 3 × 3 × 3 meters with two opposite open sides, based on a design by the architect Roland Poppensieker for the photographer FC Gundlach .
Gundlach Mausoleum (Hamburg-Ohlsdorf Cemetery) .ajb.jpg
Hoefele Mausoleum north of chapel 7, at the cemetery fence (grave site AH 20)
→ location 		Closed dome structure built in 1911 for the businessman Johann Josef Hoefele, with two extensions. Inside, the marble sculpture Weeping Girl by the sculptor Hans Dammann sits on a pedestal . In 2001 the Carsten family took over the sponsorship.
Hoefele Mausoleum (Hamburg-Ohlsdorf Cemetery) .ajb.jpg
Höpfner mausoleum northwest of chapel 7 (grave site AH 16-17)
→ location 		From 1909 to 1910, a closed central building with elaborate sculptures based on plans by Edmund Gevert; since 1989 sponsorship of Loncar.
Höpfner Mausoleum (Hamburg-Ohlsdorf cemetery) .ajb.jpg
Jenisch Mausoleum northwest of chapel 7 (grave site AH 17)
→ location 		In 1908 Gustav Berger built a replica of the Jenisch family mausoleum on the Katharinen burial site in the old Hamburg cemeteries. That was from 1828 and was canceled in 1910. The thanatos before construction was moved here from the old place.
Jenisch Mausoleum (Hamburg-Ohlsdorf Cemetery) .ajb.jpg
Nugent Mausoleum near chapel 1 (grave site T 12)
→ location 		Erected in 1890 for the Rolfing family in an open construction with a central figure and taken over by the Nugent family in 2002.
Column hall Nugent (Hamburg-Ohlsdorf cemetery) .ajb.jpg
Mausoleum of August Freiherr von Ohlendorff South of chapel 7 (grave site AA-AB 22, north of the earth wall)
→ location 		Neoclassical crypt with a closed front and six crypt cells, built in 1911 after Friedrich J. Schünemann, is also called the little Ohlendorff .
Mausoleum A. von Ohlendorff (Hamburg-Ohlsdorf cemetery) .ajb.jpg
Mausoleum of Heinrich Freiherr von Ohlendorff southwest of chapel 7, north of Waldstrasse (grave site AA 21-22)
→ location 		monumental grave complex , built from 1899 to 1900 with an architectural and landscape concept by Martin Haller . At the end of a depression surrounded by overgrown earth walls with crypt cells, a temple-like pillared hall is built in an open construction, with two granite coffins behind the bars. Heinrich Ohlendorff and his wife Elisabeth are buried here .
Ohlendorff Mausoleum (Hamburg-Ohlsdorf Cemetery) .1.ajb.jpg
Ortlepp / Froböse mausoleum north of chapel 7, at the cemetery fence (grave site AJ 19-20)
→ location 		1912 erected six meter high structure with two crypt cells one above the other; Strial sponsor since 2001.
Ortlepp-Froböse Mausoleum (Hamburg-Ohlsdorf Cemetery) .1.ajb.jpg
Mausoleum Peper / Hegel north of chapel 7 (grave site AH 19)
→ location 		A temple-like hall was built over three tombs from 1925 in 1929; Uhlig sponsor since 2001.
Peper-Hegel Mausoleum (Hamburg-Ohlsdorf Cemetery) .ajb.jpg
Sepulchral Chapel Philipp West of Teichstraße in the confluence area Norderstraße (grave location Y 13, directly on the way)
→ Lage 		This building, erected in 1887 by Martin Haller, was the first mausoleum on Ohlsdorf and forms a grave area surrounded on three sides by walls in a classical style. The Dantzer sponsorship has existed since 2000.
Grab chapel Philipp (Hamburg-Ohlsdorf cemetery) .1.ajb.jpg
Mausoleum by Puttkamer / Heymann north of chapel 7 (grave site AH-AJ 19)
→ location 		1913/1914 based on designs by the architects Ludwig Raabe and Otto Wöhlecke, a dome building with a pillar hall in front, Baumann has been a sponsor since 2000.
Mausoleum of Puttkamer-Heymann (Hamburg-Ohlsdorf cemetery) .ajb.jpg
Riedemann mausoleum east of chapel 8, above the anonymous urn grove (grave site AD 11)
→ location 		1905/1906 built in closed construction for Wilhelm Anton Riedemann based on designs by Martin Haller and Hermann Geißler . The complex consists of an artificially raised hill with an embedded crypt and an attached burial chapel with access via a stepped portal.
Riedemann mausoleum view.jpg
Ritterbusch mausoleum southeast of chapel 2, south of Kapellenstrasse (grave site S 22)
→ location 		Erected in 2005 for the Ritterbusch family according to plans by the architect Axel Mikolajek, based on the principle of an ancient temple in a modern construction. The inscription hora ventura est (the hour will come) is embedded in the triangular pediment .
Ritterbusch mausoleum (Hamburg-Ohlsdorf cemetery) .2.ajb.jpg
Sanne mausoleum east of the north pond, north of the forest road (grave location AA 18)
→ location 		Erected in 2007 according to plans by the engineer Axel Bobis, a two-tiered building made of embossed light-colored stone blocks and offset triangular gables with dark blocks.
Mausoleum Sanne (Hamburg-Ohlsdorf cemetery) .1.ajb.jpg
Mausoleum shaft southeast of chapel 10 near the pearl ponds (grave site K 33, 101-102)
→ location 		Architect Jürgen Quast. Completed October 2017
Mausoleum shaft.jpg
Mausoleum strider south of Südallee, near the pearl ponds (grave location M 35)
→ location 		Architect unknown. Completed spring 2016
Mausoleum Schreiter FriedhofOhlsdorf (1) .jpg
Schröder's mausoleum northwest of chapel 7, on the Westring (grave site AG-A 19)
→ location 		Built in 1906/07 by Edmund Gevert on an octagonal floor plan in neo-Romanesque style for Johann Heinrich Schröder . The closed monumental building made of red Main sandstone with a column portal and rich furnishings is the largest mausoleum in the cemetery.
After the von Schröder family's right of use expired, Klausmartin Kretschmer took over the sponsorship.
Schröder's mausoleum (Hamburg-Ohlsdorf cemetery) .ajb.jpg
Grave chapel Schütt north of Waldstrasse, southeast of Norderteich (grave site Z-AA 18, on the road)
→ location 		Erected in 1892 in the classical style, open interior with wooden benches on the sides, ceiling decorated with rosettes and patterned tile floor. The associated graves are in front of the chapel. The Rohlfs family has been sponsoring the company since 2002.
Schütt-Rohlfs burial chapel (Hamburg-Ohlsdorf cemetery) .2.ajb.jpg
Stupakoff mausoleum on Kapellenstrasse east of chapel 2 (grave site T 23)
→ location 		Temple-like building erected in 1916 in the neoclassical style.
Stupakoff mausoleum (Hamburg-Ohlsdorf cemetery) .ajb.jpg
Mausoleum Trumm East of Waldstrasse, south of Kapellenstrasse (grave location R 25)
→ Lage 		Building erected in 2007 by the architect Jürgen Quast from light sandstone blocks with an inconspicuous porch on narrow pillars.
Mausoleum Trumm (Hamburg-Ohlsdorf cemetery) .1.ajb.jpg
Mausoleum on Lippertplatz, the building is finished, the owner wants to remain anonymous Lippertplatz ,
Kapellenstrasse / Waldstrasse roundabout (grave location U 24)
→ Location 		Architect Ulrich Garbe.
Mausoleum (Hamburg-Ohlsdorf cemetery) .ajb.jpg
Mausoleum "de Libero", completed in spring 2018 near the rose garden / south pond (grave location L 11)
→ location 		Architect unknown
Mausoleum de Libero FriedhofOhlsdorf (4) .jpg

Crematoria

  • "Old Crematorium"

  • "New Crematorium"

As the last project, Fritz Schumacher realized the “ New Crematorium ” and two clinker-style celebratory halls at the main entrance to Ohlsdorf, before he was replaced by the National Socialists in 1933. The 30 side windows and front and rear window strips made of colored glass in the large celebration hall (previously “Hall B”, since November 2011 “Fritz Schumacher Hall”) were created by Ervin Bossányi, who was born in Hungary . The third party hall "C" and the hall for the deceased were added in the early 1950s.

Schumacher's new building replaced the " Old Crematorium ", which was built in 1892 by Ernst Paul Dorn on behalf of the Hamburg Cremation Association. It is one of the oldest surviving crematorium buildings in Germany, initially also comprised a columbarium, and from 1901 and 1904 also two urn cemeteries ( → Lage ). It is a bit away from the cemetery area on Alsterdorfer Straße. In 1997 the building was extensively renovated. From 1998 to 2003 it was used as a gourmet restaurant under the name "Alsterpalais" and from 2003 under a different name. On the day of the open monument in 2008, it was completely cleared and has been used as a school since 2009.

The cremations of the deceased for the entire Hamburg metropolitan region have been taking place in the "Crematorium Hamburg" at the Öjendorf cemetery since 1996 because the new crematorium could not comply with the limits of the 27th BImSchV and a renovation of the listed Schumacher building did not seem sensible at the time because of the high costs . The capacity of the non-listed crematorium in Öjendorf, which already met the limit values, was therefore expanded. The mourning halls in Ohlsdorf were still used.

Since this situation has long been viewed as unsatisfactory because ceremonies in Ohlsdorf had to be interrupted after the funeral service with the coffin before the urn was buried for cremation in Öjendorf, the foundation stone for the Forum Ohlsdorf was laid on March 24, 2010. In connection with its opening in November 2011, the Ohlsdorf crematorium was put back into operation. The urn will then be available for burial about 1½ hours after the funeral service, so that the funeral service and burial, as before 1996, can take place on the same day.

Former water tower

The former water tower, built in the historicist architectural style in 1898, forms an impressive landmark on Cordes-Allee.

War graves and memorials

Graves of victims of war and tyranny

Under the title Graves of Victims of War and Tyranny , various grave fields and memorial sites are grouped together that are dedicated to people who died as a result of the effects of the war or who were victims of National Socialist violence, deportation and displacement. According to the law on the preservation of these graves , they have a permanent right of rest and serve to "remember the victims of war and tyranny in a special way and to keep alive the memory of future generations of the terrible consequences of war and tyranny." There are over 52,000 gravesites of war victims in the cemetery.

These include the German soldiers' graves from both world wars, the graves and places of honor of the various nations, the bomb victim graves, the graves of Jewish victims, the Holocaust memorial and the memorials for the resistance fighters.

These include a total of six memorials for the victims from the time of National Socialism :

  • the memorial for the victims of National Socialist persecution ,
  • the memorial drive over the Styx for the victims of the firestorm,
  • the grove of honor for the Hamburg resistance fighters ,
  • The Ehrenfeld Hamburg resistance fighter , established in 1961 at the instigation of the Sophie Scholl Foundation ,
  • the cemetery for the foreign victims , established in 1977 to commemorate the concentration camp prisoners and forced laborers,
  • and the spiral of memory inaugurated in 2002 in the women's garden as a memorial for victims and opponents of the Nazi regime.

Another memorial has been located in the neighboring Ilandkoppel Jewish cemetery since 1951, the memorial for the murdered Hamburg Jews .

  • Collective grave of the victims of the firestorm

  • Memorial trip over the Styx

  • Stele for the victims of National Socialist persecution

  • Ehrenhain Hamburg resistance fighters

  • Spiral of memories
    in the women's garden
    (April 2020)

Memorial for the victims of Nazi persecution

Ohlsdorf Cemetery, Hamburg, memorial for the concentration camp victims from 1933–1945

Opposite the New Crematorium is the memorial for the victims of National Socialist persecution. It was set up in 1949 as a memorial with a stele and a marble slab in front of the memorial; the names of 25 concentration camps are engraved. The ashes of victims and soil from German concentration camps are located in 105 above and 29 underground urn vessels on the cemetery. It emerged from the memorial, which was inaugurated during a week of mourning in November 1945.

International war cemetery

About 3800 people from more than thirty different countries rest on Sorbusallee.

War cemetery for the bomb victims of the Second World War

The war cemetery Bomb Victims Hamburg-Ohlsdorf includes the cross-shaped bomb victims collective grave with memorial with 36,918 victims and the individual bomb victims grave with 2,282 graves. The collective grave of the victims of Operation Gomorrah from July 25 to August 3, 1943 is located near Chapel 13 between Eichenallee and Kirschenallee; the single grave near the chapel 10.

In 1952, a memorial by Gerhard Marcks was inaugurated in the center of the collective grave ; a monumental square sandstone block encloses the group of figures, Drive across the Styx .

Honor grove of Hamburg resistance fighters

To the right of the main entrance on Bergstrasse ( → Lage ) has been the Ehrenhain Hamburg Resistance Fighters 1933–1945 since September 8, 1946, the burial place for 55 executed or deceased anti-fascists. The bronze sculpture “Der Redner”, created in 1953 by the Hamburg sculptor Richard Steffen (1903–1964), stood at the entrance to the Ehrenhain until it was stolen in March 2011. The words of the Czech resistance fighter Julius Fučík , who was executed in 1943, are written on the stone wall around the wall : “People, we loved you, be vigilant”.

Soldiers graves

There are graves of soldiers from several nations on the site:

Memorial stone Krause,
fallen in the First World War

  • Soldiers graves of the First World War

  • WWII soldiers graves

  • International war graves: memorial of different nations

Graves of famous people

A large number of international, national and Hamburg personalities are buried in the Ohlsdorf cemetery. Some of the graves of celebrities can no longer be looked after by relatives. You will be forgotten. The graves of the honorary citizens of the city of Hamburg are made available free of charge and, unless relatives take care of them, are raked and cleared of leaves. As far as is known, the location is indicated in the cemetery plan square.

actor

Grave of actor Kay Sabban
The grave of Hans Tügel in the Ohlsdorf cemetery.

Directors and theater makers

  • Hans Böttcher (1898–1936), radio pioneer, radio play director and speaker
  • Ida Ehre (1900–1989), actress and director. Grid square O 6, 6.
  • Hans Freundt (1892–1953), actor, director and radio pioneer
  • Gerda Gmelin (1919–2003), actress, director and general manager
  • Helmuth Gmelin (1891–1959), actor, director and artistic director
  • Gustaf Gründgens (1899–1963 in Manila), actor, director and theater director. Grid square O 6, 5th
  • Cord Hachmann (1848–1905), theater actor and director
  • Willy Maertens (1893–1967) actor, director and artistic director
  • Richard Ohnsorg (1876–1947), director and actor of the Low German stage, which later became the Ohnsorg Theater . Grid square AC 6, 168–169.
  • John Olden (1918–1965), television director, film producer
  • Rolf Prasch (1883–1960), theater director and theater director
  • Hans Tügel (1894–1984), actor, director and author
  • SO Wagner (1902–1975), actor, director and author
  • Gernot Weitzl (1925–2004), German director and radio editor

Natural scientist

Musician

The final resting place of Roger Cicero in the Ohlsdorf cemetery in Hamburg
  • Paul Abraham (1892–1960), operetta composer (Hamburg-Ohlsdorf O11 (123) / P11 (8))
  • Peter Anders (1908–1954), tenor, State Operas Hamburg, Berlin, Dresden, Munich, Vienna
  • Ralf Arnie (1924–2003), composer, songwriter and music publisher
  • Hans von Bülow (1830–1894), pianist and conductor
  • Roger Cicero (1970-2016), musician
  • Alfred home (1920–2005), violinist, conductor and Kapellmeister
  • Carlo Karges (1951–2002), musician
  • James Last (1929–2015), musician, buried near Chapel 11
  • Helmut Zacharias (1920–2002), violin virtuoso. Grid square M 17, 306

Engineers, architects and urban planners

  • Alfred Brandt (engineer) (1846–1899), engineer, inventor of the hydraulic drilling machine, builder of the Simplon Tunnel. Old Hamburg Memorial Cemetery, grave plate 67
  • Wilhelm Cordes (1840–1917), First Director of the Ohlsdorf cemetery, “Cordes Part”. AD 12, 3-12.
  • Johannes Dalmann (1823–1875), director of hydraulic engineering, builder of the open tidal port. Old Hamburg Memorial Cemetery, grave slab 35
  • Gustav Leo (1868–1944), Hamburg chief construction director, victim of National Socialism
  • Fritz Schumacher (1869–1947), Hamburg chief construction director

Painter, sculptor

The grave of Karl Opfermann.

Politician

Grave of Loki and Helmut Schmidt
  • Max Albrecht (1851–1925), industrialist and politician
  • Jakob Audorf the Elder (1807-1891), co-founder of the Hamburg labor movement, member of the Hamburg Constituent Assembly
  • Gerhard Hachmann (1838–1904), long-time member of the Hamburg City Council / First Mayor
  • Oswald Kanzler (1883–1944), local politician and party functionary of the SPD, together with his wife on the honorary field of the Geschwister-Scholl-Foundation
  • Werner von Melle (1853–1937), Senator and First Mayor, co-founder of the university
  • Helmut Schmidt (1918–2015), Senator of the Hamburg Police Department, Federal Minister of Defense and Economics and Finance, from 1974 to 1982 fifth Federal Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany, from 1983 co-editor of Die Zeit . Grid square U33 244-249.
  • Max Schramm (1861–1928), lawyer and senator for construction in Hamburg
  • Ernst Friedrich Sieveking (1836–1909), German lawyer and Hamburg senator
  • Henning Voscherau (1941–2016), lawyer and First Mayor of Hamburg from 1988 to 1997
  • Herbert Weichmann (1896–1983), First Mayor of Hamburg from 1965 to 1971. Grid square AA 15, 66–67.

writer

Grave of Wolfgang Borchert in the Ohlsdorf cemetery
Harry Rowohlt's gravestone in the poet's corner of the Ohlsdorf cemetery in Hamburg

Business leader

Further

Gravestone of Alfred Lichtwark in the Althamburg Memorial Cemetery of the Ohlsdorf Cemetery

Graves of sailors and victims of the sea

Grave site of the Primus victims in the Hamburg-Ohlsdorf cemetery
Ohlsdorf Cemetery, Hamburg, memorial: seamen who died from Hamburg ships during the First World War
Community grave site "Seemannsfriedhof" from 1923, Ohlsdorf cemetery, grid square Bi 58 (southwest of chapel 12)
Memorial and graves of the victims of the storm surge from 1962

Thanks to Hamburg's maritime connection, there are several seamen and flood victims' graves and memorials at the Ohlsdorf cemetery. Among them are the communal graves of the seamen from the "Casse of the Pieces of Eighth", the memorial of the seamen who died from Hamburg ships during the war, the memorial stone for the Chinese seamen who died in Hamburg, the grave of Captain Bernhard Masson, the grave of Felix Graf Luckner (grave location AB 13),

Grave of the [Elbe] taxpayers and boatmen who drive to the top

In the Ämterstein Museum you can find the tombstone of the "[elb] taxpayers and boatmen who drive up the river". It comes from the old Hamburg cemeteries that have been dissolved and shows a relief with two crossed grappling hooks, a crown and a skull over two crossed bones.

Victim of the sinking of the primus

78 victims of the excursion paddle steamer Primus, which sank on the Elbe in 1902, are buried near the streets of Kapellenstrasse and Mittelallee .

Sailors

For the seafarers who died in Hamburg hospitals there is the communal grave site "Our Seafarers", marked by a large black anchor and a large wooden cross, grid square Bi 58 (southwest of Chapel 12).

Storm surge victims from 1962

The storm surge victims from 1962, who could not be identified, who no longer had any relatives and who were to be buried together, found their resting place on the extension of Sorbusallee between Kirschenallee and Inselkanal, grave site Bq 62 ( → location ). In addition, since the end of November 2012 a memorial stone with two plaques has been commemorating the names of the 221 dead who are not buried in Ohlsdorf. Two stone walls with the inscription Flood 1962 and four stone pillars mark the communal grave.

Community graves

Couple burial sites

Lion burial site in the Ohlsdorf cemetery, Hamburg. A couple burial site as a lawn burial site.

These are ornamental garden areas with lawns on which no planting, grave decorations or grave borders are permitted. The lawns are intended for the funerals. Couples and partners from unions can be buried there.

Police graves Revier copper beech

Stone in the "Blood Beech Revier" (police grave) at the Ohlsdorf cemetery

The honor grave of the Hamburg police is the "Blood beech Revier". It was originally built in 1923 by Richard Kuöhl based on a design by Fritz Schumacher for 17 police officers who died in the communist uprising in 1923. The memorial serves as a tribute to police officers who were killed in the service of law breakers. A memorial service in the Michel and burial in the copper beech district is planned for police officers killed on duty. Every year, on Memorial Day, police officers commemorate their colleagues who were killed on duty.

Community burial site for humans and animals

This communal grave site with an area of ​​750 square meters has existed since March 1, 2020 and is located in the Sorbusallee / Eichenallee area. A burial site can accommodate several deceased people in coffins or urns and several deceased pets in urns as grave goods. There are burial sites for 20 coffins and 940 urns. The pets are cremated in an animal crematorium. Visits to the grave sites with live pets are not permitted in the Ohlsdorf cemetery. This excludes guide dogs as companions for blind people.

Memorial place for unburied children

A memorial place was created for the parents of stillborn children, which is marked by an abstract white marble sculpture on a plinth by the Swiss sculptor Beatrice Charen . This sculpture was partially destroyed by strangers in October 2012.

Bahaitum

Behind the chapel 13 there is a burial place with graves belonging to the Bahaitum . This came out of Islam, and the relatives believe in the Baha'ullah . Tree-like signs and often faces of the deceased can be found on the graves.

More mass graves

Hamburg (Germany): Memorial for the more than 6500 victims of the cholera epidemic of 1892 in the main cemetery in Ohlsdorf
  • Victims of cholera from 1892

Monuments and free sculptures

  • Linne monument

  • Memorial to the First and Second World War
    at Chapel 9

  • "Fate" sculpture
    by Hugo Lederer (1905)

Cemetery museum

From the museum archive: grave letter from 1904 (detail)

The "Museum Friedhof Ohlsdorf" has existed since 1996.

The carrier is the company Hamburger Friedhöfe AöR , the voluntary support is incumbent on the Förderkreis Ohlsdorfer Friedhof e. V. In a small historical building near the main entrance, the diversity of Hamburg's cemetery and burial culture is shown on an area of ​​60 m². There are also special exhibitions with changing themes on cemetery and mourning culture. The museum also serves as an information point for cemetery visitors interested in culture. An archive of the sponsorship group is available for this purpose. It includes:

  • a reference library with about 700 titles of books, brochures and magazines. They are recorded in a database and sorted according to subject areas and authors,
  • a card index about visual artists who worked at the Ohlsdorf cemetery,
  • a collection of newspaper clippings and images on the life and work of well-known personalities who were buried in the Ohlsdorf cemetery. The collection is dated e.g. T. back to the beginning of the 20th century,
  • a collection of extracts from files, specialist articles, legal texts, press releases, newspaper clippings and the like.

In the immediate vicinity of the museum there are two areas with exemplary tombs from the early days of the cemetery (right) and from the first half of the 20th century (left).

Guided tours of the cemetery

The following tours take place in the cemetery:

  • Ornithological hikes through the Nabu
  • Fairytale walks through the cemetery with fairy tales about death
  • Literary walk in the cemetery with a visit to graceful sculptures of women

Picture gallery

  • Grave Wichmann

  • Rübcke grave

  • Hagenbeck grave
    bronze sculpture of the lion "Triest" (the sculpture was stolen in January 2014 and has been missing since then)

  • Moeller-Jarke grave by Ernst Barlach (1901)

  • Grab Blohm-Never
    Jüngling with Book (1935)

  • Grave Büsching-Höft
    begging youth by Arthur Bock (1929)

  • Grave of the sculptor Richard Kuöhl
    Own work: Marian column (1931)

  • Reinhold
    Hammonia grave with city crown and coat of arms (1898)

  • Grave Reinhold
    bronze angel on the left of the grave

  • Grave of Friedrichs family
    sculpture by Arthur Bock (1930s)

  • Grave of Johann Reimer (developed by Martin Haller, 1918)


nature

Eagle owl

The cemetery is described by visitors as a recreational area and landscape garden of silence, peace and serenity as well as original, natural, beautiful, happy, harmonious. Plant toxins and insecticides are not used. The almost four square kilometer area is home to around 36,000 trees and 15 ponds. When the cemetery was laid out, many trees were preserved from the hedgerows of the previous agricultural pasture use and are still there today. These trees grow often multi-stemmed, as they regularly use the cemetery on floor had been set. More than a hundred species of birds are at home in the natural park cemetery.

Animals

Due to the semi-natural character of the park and its relative isolation from the big city, many species of wild animals feel at home there, including deer , squirrels , hedgehogs , martens , foxes , hares and - probably abandoned - pond turtles . In cities generally rare and therefore emphasized bird species Eurasian Hobby , woodpecker , kingfisher , gray goose , green woodpecker , blackcap , robins and owls .

Recycling in the depot

The tombstones and stone borders of the graves that become free after the end of the term consist mainly of marble or granite. They are broken up and ground into gravel. Around 1,000 to 6,000 stones are recycled every year. They are still used to pave the roads and paths.
For the construction of the retaining wall below Mittelallee between the grid squares S 33 and W 37, the so-called “Wailing Wall”, old tombs were used - they delimit the grave fields of the former model cemetery that were created around 1921.
In order to be able to decide which stones are worth preserving instead, concrete selection criteria were redesigned in February 2017 between the sponsoring group, the cemetery administration and the monument protection office: In the past, three historical gravestones could be saved for the outside area of ​​the cemetery museum, including that for Agnes Piel by the sculptor Oskar Witt .

  • Gravestone breakage / gravel

  • Path reinforcement

  • "Western Wall"

  • Saved stones at the museum

The annual biomass at the Ohlsdorf cemetery:

“Biomass” autumn leaves
  • approx. 60 m³ wood chips from tree and bush cuttings,
  • approx. 5500 m³ of leaves,
  • approx. 1400 m³ of herbaceous plant components and grass clippings.

Around 40% of the woodchippings are burned, around 10% of the leaves that have been removed are applied elsewhere as mulch material, the majority of the rest is composted on site. The herbaceous plant parts as well as the lawn clippings have a particularly high potential for regenerative energy generation with the help of fermentation technologies. The green waste is composted and reused as fertilizer.

Disappeared tombs

From 1998 to 2004 there were some metal thefts in the cemetery.

However, not all tombstones or sculptures "disappear" due to theft:

After a grave site has expired, the grave on it is either shredded or taken into custody at a secret location from the cemetery until a new location is found, for example in the women's garden, in the vicinity of the cemetery museum, in one of the new urns, depending on the decision. Facilities, through joint "staging" in very special, manageable cemetery areas such as T-pond, Linné monument, Prökelmoorteich. An installation area specially protected for weather-sensitive tombs in one of the no longer used chapels is planned, or it will be housed in a suitable external museum.

There are also conversions within the Ohlsdorf cemetery itself or after other cemeteries: for example, in 1997 the group of sculptures from the Scholtz grave ( Arthur Bock , 1928) was moved from grid square AA 15 (on the way to the Nordteich bridge) to Nienstedten.

Finding difficulties can result from a name change on the tombstone, for example in the case of a “sponsorship grave”; sometimes a small plaque on the back refers to the previous owner.

One or the other tomb seems to disappear behind thick vegetation - until it is made visible again through measures, often with the support of the friends' association.

  • May 2018

  • July 2018

See also

literature

arranged alphabetically by author

  • Alfred Aust: The Ohlsdorfer Friedhof. Hamburg 1953.
  • Rita Bake , Brita Reimers: City of Dead Women. Portraits of women and life pictures from the Hamburg Ohlsdorf cemetery. Dölling and Galitz Verlag, Munich 1997, ISBN 3-930802-56-2 .
  • Anna Bardi (ed.): Literary walks in the Ohlsdorf cemetery - Hamburg authors remember dead poets. including contributions by Wolf-Ulrich Cropp , Sybil Schlepegrell, Arno Surminski. Verlag Jeudi, Hamburg 2009, ISBN 978-3-00-028661-2 .
  • Herbert Diercks: Ohlsdorf Cemetery - On the trail of Nazi rule and resistance. Results Verlag, Hamburg 1992, ISBN 3-87916-012-0 .
  • Eberhard Kellers: Burial grove and crypt: the tombs of the upper class on the old burial grounds in Hamburg. Issue No. 17 of workbooks on the preservation of monuments in Hamburg. Verlag Christians, 1997, ISBN 3-7672-1294-3 (in the reference library "Museum Friedhof Ohlsdorf", see section "Friedhofmuseum")
  • Frank Pieter Hesse: The Hamburg Main Cemetery Ohlsdorf - a total work of art ( pdf online )
  • Horst Günter Lange: Cremation and its influence on cemetery planning illustrated using the example of the Hamburg cemetery in Ohlsdorf . In: Die Gartenkunst  8 (1/1996), pp. 108–118.
  • Barbara Leisner: The beginning of the design of the Ohlsdorfer Friedhof in Hamburg . In: Die Gartenkunst 2 (2/1990), pp. 284–297.
  • Barbara Leisner, Heiko KL Schulze, Ellen Thormann: The Hamburg main cemetery Ohlsdorf. History and tombs. 2 volumes and an overview map 1: 4000. Hans Christians, Hamburg 1990, ISBN 3-7672-1060-6 .
  • Barbara Leisner, Norbert Fischer: The Cemetery Guide - Walks to known and unknown graves in Hamburg and the surrounding area. Christians Verlag, Hamburg 1994, ISBN 3-7672-1215-3 .
  • Barbara Leisner, Helmut Schoenfeld: The Ohlsdorf guide. Walks through the largest cemetery in Europe. Christians Verlag, Hamburg 1991, ISBN 3-7672-1177-7 .
  • Gerd Otto-Rieke: Graves in Hamburg - people who moved us. Discovering history in cemeteries Volume 3 . Alabasta Verlag, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-938778-10-4 .
  • Helmut Schoenfeld: The Ohlsdorf Cemetery: Graves, History, Memorials , Verlag Christians, Hamburg 2000, ISBN 3-7672-1341-9 .
  • Helmut Schoenfeld, Norbert Fischer , Barbara Leisner, Lutz Rehkopf: The Ohlsdorfer Friedhof. A handbook from A – Z. 3. Edition. Edition Temmen, Bremen 2019, ISBN 978-3-86108-086-2 . Expected to be out November 2020.
  • Hans-Günther Freitag: From Mönckeberg to Hagenbeck: a guide to memorable graves in the Ohlsdorf cemetery (with 5 overview maps), Hansa-Verlag, Hamburg 1973

Movies

  • In the forest of angels. Ohlsdorf, the largest park cemetery in the world. Documentary, NDR 2014. ( online )

General plan

Web links

Commons : Hauptfriedhof Ohlsdorf  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Commons : Jüdischer Friedhof Ohlsdorf  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Friedhof-News. Accessed March 5, 2016.
  2. ^ Friedhöfe Wien GmbH - Central Cemetery ( Memento from April 24, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
  3. ↑ Plan of the Ohlsdorfer Friedhofs ( Memento from September 28, 2013 on WebCite ) (PDF; 782 kB) The descriptions of the situation used in this article refer to this official network.
  4. ^ Annual report 2010 of the Hamburger Friedhöfe AöR ( Memento from September 18, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
  5. ^ "Ohlsdorf 2050" initiative for restructuring the Ohlsdorf cemetery at hamburg.de , accessed in March 2016
  6. ↑ Barbara Leisner, Norbert Fischer: Der Friedhofsführer. Walks to known and unknown graves in Hamburg and the surrounding area. Hamburg 1994, p. 31 ff.
  7. ↑ Barbara Leisner, Norbert Fischer: Der Friedhofsführer. Walks to known and unknown graves in Hamburg and the surrounding area. Hamburg 1994, p. 48.
  8. ↑ Helmut Schoenfeld: The Ohlsdorf cemetery. A handbook from A to Z. Hamburg 2010, p. 34.
  9. ↑ Barbara Leisner, Norbert Fischer: Der Friedhofsführer. Walks to known and unknown graves in Hamburg and the surrounding area. Hamburg 1994, p. 48.
  10. ↑ Barbara Scharf: The Ohlsdorfer Friedhof in the mirror image of large exhibitions. In: Journal of the Association for Hamburg History , No. 78, 1992 (from page 140, with images of the presentation area in the glass Palais de l'Horticulture ).
  11. ^ History at friedhof-hamburg.de .
  12. ^ Until recently, nine of the watercolors on display were hanging in the stairwell of the administration building, while the watercolor view of chapel 4 is in the entrance area of ​​the cemetery museum.
  13. ↑ four colored images are contained in: Barbara Leisner, Heiko KL Schulze, Ellen Thormann: The Hamburg main cemetery Ohlsdorf. History and tombs , Verlag Hans Christians, Hamburg 1990, Volume 1 (no page number).
  14. ↑ Helmut Schoenfeld: The Ohlsdorf cemetery. A handbook from A to Z. Hamburg 2010, p. 59.
  15. ↑ Ohlsdorfer calm Forest at Ohlsdorf cemetery Förderkreis
  16. ↑ Ohlsdorfer calm forest video on YouTube
  17. ^ Jan Haarmeyer: Ohlsdorf trending: Less cemetery, more park. In: Hamburger Abendblatt. The week of August 1, 2015, p. 3.
  18. ^ Johann Wilhelm Cordes in the general plan for the design of the Central Cemetery, 1881, quoted from: Markwart Herzog, Norbert Fischer (ed.): Nekropolis: The cemetery as a place of the dead and the living. Kohlhammer Verlag, Stuttgart 2006, ISBN 3-17-018508-X , p. 72.
  19. ↑ Water as a design and supply element by Helmut Schoenfeld at fof-ohlsdorf.de
  20. ↑ Barbara Leisner: The Hamburg main cemetery Ohlsdorf: History and tombs. Pp. 37, 77.
  21. ↑ see also " Link list by architects" at fredriks.de
  22. ^ Johann Wilhelm Cordes in the general plan for the design of the Central Cemetery, 1881, quoted from: Markwart Herzog, Norbert Fischer (ed.): Nekropolis: The cemetery as a place of the dead and the living. Stuttgart 2006, p. 73.
  23. ↑ Helmut Schoenfeld: The Ohlsdorf cemetery. A handbook from A to Z. Hamburg 2010, p. 71.
  24. ↑ Overview plan with the exact location of the individual grave monuments p. 14 + 15, in Helmut Schoenfeld: The Ohlsdorfer Friedhof. A handbook from A to Z.
  25. ^ Ohlsdorf cemetery
  26. ↑ Helmut Schoenfeld: The Ohlsdorf cemetery. A handbook from A to Z. Hamburg 2010, p. 118.
  27. ↑ a b c "Chapel 12 in the Lärchenallee" on Friedhof-Hamburg.de ( Memento from September 14, 2011 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on November 16, 2011.
  28. ↑ Hamburger Friedhöfe (Ed.): Grave and burial. Brochure around 2015.
  29. ↑ historical background open-air museums at flickr.com
  30. ↑ Historical background of the open-air museums in the Ohlsdorfer Friedhof support group
  31. ↑ Heckengarten Museum. In: Helmut Schoenfeld: The Ohlsdorf Cemetery: Graves, History, Memorials. Verlag Christians, 2000, p. 46.
  32. ^ Gravestones in the hedge garden alphabetically at genealogy.net
  33. ↑ Information board for the open-air museum with tombs of the offices and brotherhoods
  34. ↑ Helmut Schoenfeld: The Ohlsdorf cemetery: graves, history, memorials. Verlag Christians, 2000, grave details in the map of the open-air museum of the office stones .
  35. ↑ some offices - stones with inscriptions at genealogy.net
  36. ↑ Postcard The chapels and main paths of the cemetery in Ohlsdorf , around 1900.
  37. ^ Columbarium at Chapel 11 near Friedhof-Hamburg
  38. ↑ Helmut Schoenfeld: The Ohlsdorf cemetery. A handbook from A to Z. Hamburg 2010, p. 80.
  39. ↑ Barbara Leisner, Heiko KL Schulze, Ellen Thormann: The Hamburg main cemetery Ohlsdorf. History and tombs , Verlag Hans Christians, Hamburg 1990, page 136, cat. 923 with historical illustration
  40. ↑ Gundlach Mausoleum on the Roland Poppensieker website
  41. ↑ Bauwelt . 20/2009, pp. 22-27.
  42. ↑ Details on the Schreiter mausoleum
  43. ↑ Kretschmer leases the mausoleum. In: Hamburger Abendblatt. May 5, 2009.
  44. ↑ according to information from the Friedhof-Museum from October 22, 2017
  45. ^ "The changes in a crematorium" from "Ohlsdorf - Journal for Trauerkultur" , accessed on October 24, 2011.
  46. ↑ The old crematorium on Alsterdorfer Straße. at: fredriks.de , accessed on October 24, 2011.
  47. ↑ Where the chimney stops smoking. In: Ohlsdorf - Zeitschrift für Trauerkultur , accessed on October 24, 2011.
  48. ↑ Hamburg crematorium one-two-three. In: Ohlsdorf - Zeitschrift für Trauerkultur , accessed on October 24, 2011.
  49. ^ Norbert Fischer: On the history of the crematorium in Hamburg. In: Ohlsdorf - magazine for mourning culture. No. 115, IV - 2011.
  50. ^ Funeral forum at the Ohlsdorf cemetery in Hamburg ( Memento from November 30, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
  51. ↑ Law on the Preservation of Graves of Victims of War and Tyranny (Graves Act) of August 9, 2005, available online as a PDF file , accessed on July 14, 2011.
  52. ↑ Helmut Schönfeld: Graves of the victims of war and tyranny in the Ohlsdorf cemetery. May 2005, accessed July 14, 2011.
  53. ↑ Guide to the memorials in Hamburg (PDF; 1.1 MB), pp. 49–55, accessed on July 13, 2010.
  54. ^ Volksbund Deutsche Kriegsgräberfürsorge e. V., Hamburg Regional Association: Invitation from April 16, 2012 to the memorial event on May 8, 2012.
  55. ^ Ohlsdorf cemetery: Memorial "Drive over the Styx" for the victims of the "firestorm". In: Neuengamme Concentration Camp Memorial and State Center for Political Education Hamburg (ed.): Memorials in Hamburg. A guide to places of remembrance from 1933 to 1945 . Hamburg 2008, p. 53, accessed on May 19, 2013.
  56. ↑ The bomb victims memorial. Hamburg, Ohlsdorfer Friedhof.
  57. ^ The ASCE, the Förderkreis Ohlsdorfer Friedhof and the World Monuments Fund. Press release Friedhof Ohlsdorf from March 31, 2011. In: Ohlsdorf - Zeitschrift für Trauerkultur , accessed on November 30, 2012.
  58. ↑ Michael Wassenberg: Photos of the soldiers' graves in the Ohlsdorf cemetery
  59. ↑ Bert C. Biehl: Clarification long overdue. In: Hamburger Wochenblatt. January 23, 2013, p. 4 and “Exploring Controversial Graves”, Issue No. 37 of September 10, 2014, p. 3
  60. ^ Website of the Dutch Oorlogsgravenstichting
  61. ↑ Exact listing of the graves of prominent people at www.friedhof-hamburg.de ( Memento from July 16, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
  62. ↑ Pictures of the graves of well-known personalities in the Ohlsdorf cemetery ( Memento from November 26, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
  63. ↑ Annabel Trautwein: Where celebrities find their final resting place. In: Hamburger Abendblatt. August 8, 2012, p. 13.
  64. ↑ Hamburger Friedhöfe -AöR- (Ed.): Selected celebrity graves at the Ohlsdorf cemetery. Leaflet 8/2009.
  65. ↑ The tragedy for the famous dead. In: Hamburger Abendblatt. April 23, 2002.
  66. ↑ Alexander Schuller: Labskaus an Schmidts grave. In: Hamburger Abendblatt from March 12, 2016, p. 16.
  67. ↑ on sponsorship grave ex Hamburg merchant family Breuer with tomb from 1899 by the Swiss sculptor Xaver Arnold .
  68. ↑ Cord Hachmann at billiongraves.com
  69. ↑ Stefan Frey: Paul Abraham. In: Lexicon of persecuted musicians from the Nazi era. Claudia Maurer Zenck, Peter Petersen (Eds.), Hamburg: Universität Hamburg, 2008 ( online ).
  70. ↑ Music legend James Last buried in the family grave in Ohlsdorf. In: Hamburger Abendblatt. June 30, 2015, p. 7. Author abbreviation: schmoo.
  71. ↑ Barbara Leisner: The last port - graves of seamen in the Ohlsdorf cemetery. In: Ohlsdorf - magazine for mourning culture, edition: 110, III, 2010 - August 2010.
  72. ↑ Barbara Leisner: The last port - graves of seamen in the Ohlsdorf cemetery. In: Ohlsdorf - magazine for mourning culture, edition: 110, III, 2010 - August 2010.
  73. ↑ Grave site "Our seafarers" for the seamen who died in hospitals in Hamburg
  74. ↑ Seemannsfriedhof at the Ohlsdorf cemetery (two photos) ( Memento from May 10, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
  75. ↑ Ceremonial unveiling of a new memorial stone. In: Hamburger Abendblatt. November 24, 2012, p. 24.
  76. ↑ Memory of flood victims. In: Hamburger Wochenblatt. December 5, 2012, p. 2.
  77. ↑ Barbara Leisner: The last port - graves of seamen in the Ohlsdorf cemetery. In: Ohlsdorf - magazine for mourning culture, edition: 110, III, 2010 - August 2010.
  78. ↑ z. B. "Couple Trees" near Chapel 11 at Friedhof-Hamburg
  79. ↑ Friedhofsplan-Quadrat L 7 (marked entrance from Bergstrasse opposite the museum). Source: Text taken from Category: Blood beech area.
  80. ^ Daniel Herder: Criminal rams Hamburg police car - target investigator dies. In: Hamburger Abendblatt , March 5, 2020, p. 1.
  81. ^ Rüdiger Gaertner: Ohlsdorf, memory of dead police officers. In: Morgenpost, November 13, 2016.
  82. ↑ Man and pet in one grave. In: Hamburger Abendblatt , March 3, 2020, p. 11. Author abbreviations (gen)
  83. ↑ Matthias Schmoock: Flocki final resting in Ohlsdorf. In: Hamburger Abendblatt , August 4, 2020, p. 13.
  84. ↑ Susanne Schniering: Words for "invisible" mothers. In: Hamburger Abendblatt. May 12, 2012, p. 30.
  85. ^ Daniel Herder: Place of remembrance desecrated by unknown people. In: Hamburger Abendblatt. October 10, 2012.
  86. ^ Photo of the memorial site from October 19, 2012.
  87. ↑ "Bahá'ì" cemetery area at fof-ohlsdorf.de (Förderkreis Ohlsdorfer Friedhof)
  88. ↑ "Bahá'ì" cemetery area with images of individual tombstones at genealgy.net
  89. ↑ "Museum Friedhof Ohlsdorf" at Förderkreis Ohlsdorfer Friedhof
  90. ↑ The Northern Story: In the Forest of Angels. Documentary film: Ohlsdorf, the largest park cemetery in the world. NDR 2014. Shown on NDR on November 21, 2014, 8:15 pm to 9:15 pm. (Place of rest, serenity and relaxation).
  91. ↑ Claus Gossler, editor of Martin Haller's memoirs, 2019 (see page 543, footnote 232)
  92. ↑ The Northern Story: In the Forest of Angels. Documentary film: Ohlsdorf, the largest park cemetery in the world. NDR 2014. Shown on NDR on November 21, 2014, 8:15 pm to 9:15 pm. (Place of rest, serenity and relaxation).
  93. ↑ Bettina Albrod: Ohlsdorf, the cemetery of wildlife. In: welt.de. October 18, 2011, accessed August 8, 2017
  94. ↑ Turtle in the cemetery lake. In: Hamburg interior views (blog). August 9, 2009. Retrieved August 8, 2017
  95. ↑ Jan Haarmeyer: How the Ohlsdorf cemetery is supposed to survive. In: Hamburger Abendblatt. October 21, 2015, p. 11.
  96. ↑ Matthias Schmoock: What becomes of old gravestones. In: Hamburger Abendblatt. August 15, 2015, p. 12.
  97. ^ The problem of saving tombstones at the Ohlsdorfer Friedhof support group , February 2016
  98. ↑ "Wailing Wall" model cemetery Förderkreis Ohlsdorfer Friedhof
  99. ↑ Monument protection agreements
  100. ^ Rescued tombstones in the museum area
  101. ↑ Mobilize biomass - generate energy Mobilize biomass, generate energy, study on biomass potential in the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg. P. 15. (PDF; 3.2 MB)
  102. ↑ Andreas Morgenroth: The energy transition in the cemetery. Generation and use of regenerative energies on cemetery open spaces. (PDF; 6.3 MB)
  103. ↑ Hamburger Abendblatt online May 23, 2012: Bronze angel stolen from the cemetery in Nienstedten
  104. ↑ Thieves looted our daughter's grave , In: Bild-Bundesausgabe, April 29, 2016, p. 24
  105. ↑ Metalldiebstäle 2011 at fof.ohlsdorf.de
  106. ↑ Monument protection agreements
  107. ↑ Consensus / visions for the restoration of stored historical gravestones (2019)
  108. ↑ Sponsorship graves
  109. ↑ Homepage "Förderkreis Ohlsdorfer Friedhof eV, Association for Culture and Monument Preservation"

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