Aline Bussmann

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Aline Mathilde Bußmann (married Hager ; * February 17, 1889 in Hamburg ; † July 4, 1968 there ) was a German actress , broadcaster and publicist . She played at the Low German Stage in Hamburg, later known as the Ohnsorg Theater , and spoke numerous radio plays in Low German . She made friends with the writers Gorch Fock , whose estate she edited, and Wolfgang Borchert , for whom she became a mentor.

Life

Aline Bußmann's father, a naval officer and employee of the Kaiserliche Werft Kiel , died when she was four years old. She lived in Kiel with her mother and her brother Theo, who later fell in World War I , until she was nine , then moved to Hamburg. From 1903 to 1907 she lived in the Schmilinsky-Stift, an orphanage, and in 1907 passed the teacher examination at the monastery school. She worked for a year and a half as a teacher of art and literary history, but had to put her job on hold to take care of the sick mother. After her death in 1910, Bussmann began training as an actor. In the following year she already belonged to the ensemble of the Society for Dramatic Art of the Hamburg theater director Richard Ohnsorg .

In October 1912 Bußmann played the female role in the one-act Doggerbank by the writer Gorch Fock . He was very impressed by Bußmann's performance, and the encounter led to "a soul partnership that lasted beyond his death", as Raymond Fred-Niemann put it. The composer Mathias Husmann , who processed the relationship between the married writer and the actress in 2011 in a musical dance poem , described their relationship as “intimate love”, from which Gorch Fock wrote “almost 200 glowing letters” to his muse . According to Hugo Sieker , both had something in common in their feelings and thoughts, as well as a strong longing for independence. For Gorch Fock, Bußmann became both artistic inspiration and critical support, so that he entrusted her with the order of his estate during her lifetime.

Gorch Fock's play Cili Cohrs was a tribute to Bußmann, who played the title role in the premiere on January 24, 1914. The author wrote in a letter to her: "The solar power of your soul gave me the strength to design the 'Cili Cohrs'." After being drafted into the First World War in 1915, Aline Bußmann met the lawyer Carl Hager at rehearsals at the Deutsches Schauspielhaus know whom she later married. The announcement of this new acquaintance dealt a heavy blow to Gorch Fock, who according to his idealistic ideas was already disillusioned with the reality of war. In 1916 he died in the Battle of the Skagerrak when the cruiser SMS Wiesbaden sank . With the publication of his estate, Aline Bußmann determined the leitmotifs of the posthumous reception of the writer, according to Dirk Hempel, and contributed to Gorch Fock's success in the time of National Socialism by emphasizing war and hero myths and the supposedly typically Germanic features .

From 1919 on, Bußmann, who continued to appear under her maiden name even after her marriage, had an engagement at the Low German Stage , which later became the Ohnsorg Theater . She played leading roles in Marie by August Hinrichs , De Roop and Blaue Amidam by Ingeborg Andresen , Hilligenloh by Wilhelm Scharrelmann , Mudder Mews by Fritz Stavenhagen , De Bilöper by Ernst Schnackenburg , Kloor Kimming by Jan Fabricius , Dat anner Leben by Walter Looschen , Straatenmusik and Kasper takes care of Na Huus from Paul Schureck , Griese Wulf from Hans Heitmann , Lilofee from Manfred Hausmann and De Loots from Falshöft from Wilhelm Plog . The title role in Hans Ehrke's Ose von Sylt , a dramatic role with which Bußmann could particularly identify, was a great success . A portrait of the actress in this role was made in 1935 by the painter Otto Tetjus Tügel , with whom Bußmann was friends until old age.

In addition to his engagements at the theater, Bußmann has been working as a reciter since she was 22 , including for the works of Gorch Fock. From the mid-1920s she worked on a large number of radio plays in Low German for NORAG , which were based on the plays of the Low German stage . This work continued after the Second World War with radio plays for the NWDR and NDR alongside their colleagues from the Ohnsorg Theater. From 1955 to Bußmann spoke at the school radio telecast News from Waldshagen the role of Kate Ziesemann, wife of the village shoemaker Emil Ziesemann ( Otto Lüthje ).

In her home, Bußmann organized invitations for the Hamburg cultural scene. She was friends with numerous North German artists and promoted young actors, musicians, writers and painters, including Rudolf Kinau , a brother of Gorch Fock. She was also friends with the Low German writer Hertha Borchert , whose stories she read on the Reichssender Hamburg. Her husband Carl Hager defended her son, the young actor and later writer Wolfgang Borchert , several times during his criminal trials against the judiciary of the Third Reich during the 1940s .

From November 1939 on, the then 18-year-old Wolfgang Borchert corresponded regularly with the 32-year-old actress. The last surviving letters are from May 1946. Bußmann became Borchert's intellectual and literary confidante and mentor, to whom he sent self-written poems for critical assessment. In addition, the correspondence revolved around his unrequited love for her daughter Ruth Hager. According to Peter Rühmkorf, the central motifs of the correspondence were Borchert's dream of becoming an artist and the "literary-erotic parlando" between the correspondents. Bußmann's artistic advice remained cautious, focused primarily on details and, in its basic tone, kind and encouraging. The young writer originally gave his first story The Dog Flower from 1946 the title Aline . On the tenth anniversary of Borchert's death in November 1957, Bussmann published her memoirs of the writer. Parts of their correspondence are now kept in the Hamburg State and University Library.

“Aline Hager, b. Bussmann ”, Ohlsdorf Cemetery

Hugo Sieker described Aline Bußmann: “Graceful figure, blond, sensitive, gifted with a beautiful voice”. In her dramatic play she was able to "live out the full spectrum of female possibilities". She herself judged her acting: “ Everything is nice to play, even the smallest and most inconspicuous, if only it's real. We don't want to play theater, we want to live in the theater. "

In the last years of her life she was still involved in the publication of the letters that Gorch Fock had written to her, but did not live to see their publication in 1971. She died on July 4, 1968. The burial took place six days later in the Ohlsdorf cemetery in the Hager family grave, grid square P29-379-388. The grave still exists.

Recordings from the Ohnsorg Theater

Radio plays

From the ARD audio game database:

  • 1924: De Fährkrog - Director: Not specified (2 live broadcasts)
  • 1924: Der Königsleutnant - Directed by Hans Bodenstedt
  • 1924: A Midsummer Night's Dream - Author: William Shakespeare ; Director and speaker: Hermann Beyer
  • 1924: Leege Lüd - Director: Not specified
  • 1924: Cili Cohrs - Author: Gorch Fock ; Director: Not specified
  • 1924: Faust II. Part - Author: Johann Wolfgang von Goethe ; Director: Hans Bodenstedt; Hermann Beyer
  • 1926: Doggerbank - author: Gorch Fock, director: Richard Ohnsorg
  • 1926: The Queen of Honolulu - Author: Gorch Fock; Director: Hans Böttcher (2 live broadcasts)
  • 1949: Dat Moor - Author: Bruno Wellenkamp ; Director: Hans Freundt
  • 1950: Dat Düvel Maskenspill - Director: Hans Freundt
  • 1950: Gorch Fock - Söbentig Joahr - Author: Rudolf Kinau ; Director: Hans Freundt
  • 1950: Engel Kirk - Director: Hans Freundt
  • 1951: Mien lütt Dämp - author and director: Werner Perrey
  • 1951: Interview with a star - author and speaker: Ernst Schnabel ; Director: Fritz Schröder-Jahn
  • 1952: Don’t give anything! - Director: Hans Freundt
  • 1952: Hans Brüggemann - Director: Eberhard Freudenberg
  • 1952: Pole Poppenspäler - Author: Theodor Storm ; Director: Werner Perrey
  • 1952: Lütt Seelken - author and director: Werner Perrey
  • 1953: Sünnros - Author: Otto Tenne ; Director: Hans Tügel
  • 1953: Vertruun - Author: Werner Perrey; Director: Günter Jansen
  • 1954: Wo de Welt to Enn is - Director: Hans Tügel
  • 1954: Hemmingstedt - Director: Günter Jansen
  • 1954: Hein Mahrt - Author: Werner Perrey; Director: Hans Tügel
  • 1954: Harten ünner'n Hamer - Director: Hans Tügel
  • 1954: It's not right with Stappenbeck! - Author: Wilfried Wroost ; Director: Hans Tügel
  • 1954: Oold Isen - Director: Hans Tügel
  • 1954: Dat Leed vun de See - Director: Günter Jansen
  • 1954: Dat Hart is klöker - Director: Hans Tügel
  • 1955: Keen Grund un Bodden - Director: Günter Jansen
  • 1955: De Mudder - Director: Günter Jansen
  • 1955: Dor harr'n Uhl seten - Author: Alma Rogge ; Director: Günter Jansen
  • 1955: Up de Schattensiet - Director: Günter Jansen
  • 1955: De söbensinnige Möller - Director: Hans Tügel
  • 1955: Allns with sympathy - Author: Rudolf Kinau; Director: Not specified
  • 1955: Alleen laten - Director: Günter Jansen
  • 1955: Dat Spill by de Hilligen Dree Könige - director and speaker: Hans Mahler
  • 1955: Dat plattdütsche Krüppenspeel - Author: Heinrich Schmidt-Barrien ; Director: Walter A. Kreye
  • 1956: Kann dat angohn - author and speaker: Rudolf Kinau; Director: Günter Jansen
  • 1956: De Börgermeister vun Lütten – Bramdborough - Director: Hans Tügel
  • 1956: Fritz Stavenhagen - Director: Hans Tügel
  • 1956: De ruge Hoff - author: Fritz Stavenhagen ; Director: Hans Tügel
  • 1956: De diamanten Brosch - Director: Hans Tügel
  • 1956: De last Breef - Director: Günter Jansen
  • 1956: De Stern achter de Wulken - Author: Otto Tenne; Director: Günter Jansen
  • 1956: Südamerikan'sche Wull - Director: Günter Jansen
  • 1957: Op lay away - Director: Ivo Braak
  • 1957: Söben mol teihn - Author: Rudolf Kinau; Director: Günter Jansen
  • 1957: De Froensborg - Director: Eberhard Freudenberg
  • 1957: Ploogsteert un Sleef - Director: Wolfgang Harprecht
  • 1957: To happy un to last - Director: Günter Jansen
  • 1957: Calluna I. - Director: Heinrich Koch
  • 1957: Dat Düvelsexamen - Director: Hans Tügel
  • 1958: Ballast - Director: Walter A. Kreye
  • 1958: De Doden sünd dod - Director: Hans Tügel
  • 1958: Kattengold - Director: Hans Tügel
  • 1958: Dat Schüttenbild. En Speel um Rembrandt - Director: Hans Tügel
  • 1958: De dumme Ilsebill - Director: Hans Mahler
  • 1958: Pott wants to marry (Low German version of The Marriage of Nikolai Gogol ) - Director: Hans Tügel
  • 1959: Vun den Padd af - Director: Hans Tügel
  • 1959: Anners een Ehr Kind - Director: Heinz Lanker
  • 1959: De Dannboom was still burning - Director: Heinz Lanker
  • 1960: Ose von Sylt - Director: Gustav Burmester
  • 1960: Bott för de Doden - Director: Hans Tügel
  • 1960: De Lost Söhn - Director: Hans Tügel
  • 1961: Straten - Director: Hans Tügel
  • 1961: I don't know anything! - Author and speaker: Rudolf Beiswanger ; Director: Günther Siegmund
  • 1961: Snieder Nörig - Author: Paul Schurek ; Director: Hans Tügel
  • 1962: Dat Düvelsspill. After the Redentiner Easter play - directed by Hans Tügel
  • 1962: Leentje Marten - Author: Jan Fabricius ; Director: Heinz Lanker
  • 1963: De Dood in'n Appelboom - Author: Paul Jessen ; Director: Heinz Lanker
  • 1963: Spöök vun güstern - Director: Hans Tügel
  • 1963: Twee Dören - director and speaker: Rudolf Beiswanger
  • 1963: Dat Wienglas - Author: Otto Tenne; Director: Hans Tügel
  • 1963: De Lost Wiehnachtssteern - Director: Günther Siegmund

Publications

  • Description of life in: Gorch Fock: Stars above the sea. Diary sheets and poems . M. Glogau jr., Hamburg 1917, pp. 9-53.
  • Commemorative word for the volume of stories by Gorch Fock: After the storm . Glogau, Hamburg 1936: Gorch Fock in the Gutenberg-DE project
  • Epilogue to the volume of stories by Gorch Fock: The fastest ship in the fleet . Reclam, Leipzig 1937: Gorch Fock in the Gutenberg-DE project
  • Memories of Wolfgang Borchert. On the 10th anniversary of his death on November 20, 1957 . Rowohlt, Hamburg 1957.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Administration of the Ohlsdorf cemetery: full name and its spelling; Location of the grave site in the cemetery
  2. ↑ Hugo Sieker (Ed.): There is a person standing. Letters from Gorch Fock to Aline Bussmann . Christians, Hamburg 1971, pp. 8–9, 196.
  3. ^ Raymond Fred-Niemann: Gorch Fock . In: Friedrich W. Michelsen: Gorch Fock. Work and effect . Buske, Hamburg 1984, ISBN 3-87118-659-7 , p. 32.
  4. ↑ Gorch Fock (PDF; 120 kB) . Musical dance poetry by Mathias Husmann .
  5. ↑ Hugo Sieker (Ed.): There is a person standing. Letters from Gorch Fock to Aline Bussmann . Christians, Hamburg 1971, pp. 9-10.
  6. ^ Günter Benja: Gorch Fock. Poet with a heart for the sea . Sutton, Erfurt 2005, ISBN 3-89702-927-8 , pp. 45, 73.
  7. ↑ Cili Cohrs at the keyword index of women's biographies of the State Center for Civic Education Hamburg .
  8. ↑ Hugo Sieker (Ed.): There is a person standing. Letters from Gorch Fock to Aline Bussmann . Christians, Hamburg 1971, pp. 10-11.
  9. ↑ Dirk Hempel: “Karger perhaps than where else, difficult to wrestle.” - Literature and literary life . In: Dirk Hempel, Friederike Weimar (ed.): “Heaven for Time.” The culture of the 1920s in Hamburg . Wachholtz, Neumünster 2010, ISBN 978-3-529-02849-6 , pp. 82-83.
  10. ↑ Hugo Sieker (Ed.): There is a person standing. Letters from Gorch Fock to Aline Bussmann . Christians, Hamburg 1971, pp. 12-13.
  11. ^ Elke Grapenthin: Artists in Bremerhaven and the surrounding area 1827–1990. Hauschild, Bremen 1991, ISBN 3-926598-40-9 , p. 205.
  12. ↑ Hugo Sieker (Ed.): There is a person standing. Letters from Gorch Fock to Aline Bussmann . Christians, Hamburg 1971, pp. 9-13.
  13. ↑ Aline Bußmann in the keyword index of women's biographies at the State Center for Political Education Hamburg .
  14. ↑ Hugo Sieker (Ed.): There is a person standing. Letters from Gorch Fock to Aline Bussmann . Christians, Hamburg 1971, pp. 13-16.
  15. ^ Gordon Burgess: Wolfgang Borchert. I believe in my luck . Structure, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-7466-2385-6 , pp. 28-29, 37.
  16. ^ Gordon Burgess: Wolfgang Borchert. I believe in my luck . Structure, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-7466-2385-6 , pp. 82-83.
  17. ^ Peter Rühmkorf : Wolfgang Borchert . Rowohlt, Reinbek bei Hamburg 1983, ISBN 3-499-50058-2 , pp. 32–33.
  18. ^ Gordon Burgess: Wolfgang Borchert. I believe in my luck . Structure, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-7466-2385-6 , p. 29.
  19. ↑ Hugo Sieker (Ed.): There is a person standing. Letters from Gorch Fock to Aline Bussmann . Christians, Hamburg 1971, pp. 9, 12.
  20. ↑ Hugo Sieker (Ed.): There is a person standing. Letters from Gorch Fock to Aline Bussmann . Christians, Hamburg 1971, p. 19.
  21. ↑ Hugo Sieker (Ed.): There is a person standing. Letters from Gorch Fock to Aline Bussmann . Christians, Hamburg 1971, p. 16.
personal data
SURNAME Bussmann, Aline
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Bußmann, Aline Mathilde (full name); Hager, Aline
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German actress, broadcaster and publicist
DATE OF BIRTH February 17, 1889
PLACE OF BIRTH Hamburg
DATE OF DEATH 4th July 1968
Place of death Hamburg