Alma Rogge

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Alma Rogge (born July 24, 1894 in Brunswarden near Rodenkirchen , † February 7, 1969 in Bremen-Rönnebeck ) was a German writer .

biography

youth

Alma Rogge was born as the daughter of the marsh farmer August Rogge. She attended the one-class village school and later switched to the community school in Rodenkirchen. Even as a schoolgirl, she always had a notebook and a pencil on hand to take notes on special incidents. After leaving school, she was supposed to work in the farm household. At the age of 17, her parents sent her to a boarding school in Bad Kreuznach . There she wrote her first poems and wanted to become a poet. One of her classmates was Hanna Wisser, the daughter of the Oldenburg high school teacher Wilhelm Wisser , who was widely known as the “fairy tale professor” and who collected Low German sagas and fairy tales. He liked the way Alma knew how to chat vividly in her unadulterated Low German language. He encouraged her to write a Low German play . Then, when she got home, she secretly wrote the play Up de Freete ( On Free Feet ) wherever the opportunity arose . She took lessons from Pastor Ramsauer in Rodenkirchen in order to prepare for secondary school . In addition, she continued to write poems and lyric texts that were published in various newspapers .

Up de Freete was performed on the Dorfbühne in Rodenkirchen and was so successful that Richard Ohnsorg's “ Low German Stage ” in Hamburg noticed it and included it in the program.

First works and studies

Encouraged by the success of her first play, Alma Rogge took her Abitur at the municipal high school in Delmenhorst in 1918 and studied literature, art history and philosophy in Göttingen, Berlin, Munich and Hamburg, where she added Low German as a subject. In Berlin she met again with Hanna Wisser, who had meanwhile become an actress and who now helped her to find her way in big city life. There Alma Rogge wrote the comedy De Vergantschooster , which was premiered in 1921 in the “Ammerländer Bauernhaus” in Bad Zwischenahn to great acclaim. In addition to her doctoral thesis (1926) The Problem of Dramatic Design in German Comedy , she wrote the one-act play De Straf ( Die Strafe ) in 1924 .

In 1924 she founded the authors' association Die Kogge in Bremen together with Hans Franck , Manfred Hausmann , Hans Leip , Hans Friedrich Blunck , Karl Wagenfeld and Wilhelm Scharrelmann with the aim of providing a basis for Low German literature. At that time, the cog was a group of primarily anti-modern, conservative and sometimes ethnic-national-minded authors of the Low German movement who were supported by Nazi literary policy.

After her doctorate, she got a job as a trainee at the Schünemann Verlag in Bremen . Soon afterwards she took over the editing of the Lower Saxony magazine . As a result, she got to know numerous poets, writers and local historians from this environment. On the side she wrote several Low German short stories that were published by Quickborn-Verlag .

Writer and editor

After the magazine was sold, Alma Rogge settled in Bremen as a freelance writer in 1932 . She wrote Low German and High German stage plays, which z. B. in Stralsund and Hamburg were performed. Her radio plays were also on the radio program. Radio Bremen took over the play Schmuggel an der Bucht , and the Hamburg Ohnsorg Theater played it several times under the title Twee Kisten Rum ( two boxes of rum ).

Work in the time of National Socialism

In 1936 Alma Rogge received the Hanover Province Literature Prize together with Wilhelm Scharrelmann and Moritz Jahn . The accusation that they had from the blood and soil of the Nazis be monopolized, she said, found itself in with its work more for the preservation of Low German as specific to the teaching content.

On the other hand, there is no doubt that she was a member of the National Socialist group of poets in Eutin , which was founded in 1936 by the Eutin NS district president and SA group leader Johann Heinrich Böhmcker , who was also Bremen's mayor from 1937 to 1944. The “homeland” North German writers organized in the Eutin poets' circle had demonstrably close contact with Nazi greats.

In 1930 she crashed against the Jewish theater critic and writer Erich Schiff , so that even her fatherly friend and regional director of the Nazi Reichsschrifttumskammer for the Gau Weser-Ems, August Hinrichs , warned her in a letter: “There is no reason to reject a criticism because the The author is a Jew, no factual reason, I mean, and it is more elegant to just remain purely factual. " Finds from her estate from the holdings of the Oldenburg State Library document early anti-Semitic statements, which the 25-year-old recorded in her diary in August 1919: “Spiritually, the Jews have already defeated us. Jesus was a Jew a. his religion is democracy. Now all they have to do is achieve political rule - u. how far have they come? "

She took u. a. together with Moritz Jahn and August Hinrichs participated in the Weimar poets' meeting organized by the literature department of the Nazi Propaganda Ministry . For the 48th birthday of Adolf Hitler, she discussed a record in Rodenkirchener Platt as part of the Lautarten project for Reich German dialects .

In a scientific study of the degree of system affinity of women writers to National Socialism from 2010, Rogge ranks in the category “approval”. The writers in this group largely or completely agreed with the Nazi ideology.

Work after 1945

After the Second World War , Rogge took over the editing of the Lower Saxony magazine . Her prose work, the humorous novel Wedding Without a Groom , was published three years later .

In an unpublished manuscript from around 1960, she again pulls off the leather against the “Jewish race”. She denies the Jews a real chance of integration. Even if they have lived in the country for generations, “according to tradition, belief and inherited, unconscious beings, the foundations of another race continue to work in them. That is why there have been persecutions of the Jews in all centuries and among all peoples: they are driven out by a different kind of and in their essence more deeply connected community of nations. ”She does not approve of the Holocaust. Rather, she speaks of tensions that “one day will discharge in a disastrous way”. Nevertheless, she considers “racial hostility” to be understandable, only “in a higher degree” does it result in “grave injustice”.

Last years of life

Memorial stone for Alma Rogge (Text: Here lived from 1939 - 1969 / the writer / Alma Rogge / born in 1894 in Brunswarden )

Rogge's parents had died in 1939. From the inheritance she built a house in the Lower Saxon style with a riding roof on the 20 meter high banks of the Weser between Bremen-Blumenthal and Bremen-Farge . Her partner Hanna Thimig, daughter of the Eutinian fairy tale professor Wilhelm Wisser , and her daughter Christine also moved here. Frequent guests were fellow writers such as the politically controversial Agnes Miegel , Ina Seidel , Waldemar Augustiny and Moritz Jahn, as well as the literary scholar Else Hoppe . The neighbor was the writer Manfred Hausmann . Below the two houses a memorial commemorates the two poets.

In the second half of the 1960s, Rogge read again from her works for the speech record series Low German Voices . Alma Rogge spent the summer of 1968 with Ina Seidel in her house on Lake Starnberg . She presumably died of cancer on February 7, 1969 . She was buried in the cemetery in Rodenkirchen.

Honors

Quotes

Where ik came from, the
land is so free and wiet,
what the grass and bleuht the clover,
moves the air to Solt and lake,
flickers water, rustles Reith,
chases the clouds, wind de consecrates
where it came from.

(Where I come from
the land is so free and wide,
the grass grows and the clover blooms,
the air smells of salt and lake,
shimmers water, rustles thatch,
chases the clouds, the wind that blows
where I come from.)

Works (selection)

literature

  • Ulf Fiedler : poet on river and dyke. Hauschild Verlag : Bremen 1995, ISBN 3-929902-31-1 .
  • Helga Fuhrmann: Rogge, Alma . In: Women's history (s) , Bremer Frauenmuseum (ed.). Edition Falkenberg, Bremen 2016, ISBN 978-3-95494-095-0 .
  • Thea Strahlmann: Alma Rogge. A biography. Isensee Verlag: Oldenburg 1994, ISBN 3-89442-223-8 .
  • Frank Hethey: Already defeated by the Jews. Alma Rogge - an anti-Semite? In: Lower Saxony magazine , issue 3, CULTURCON medien 2006.
  • Siegfried Gruoner: Alma Rogge: memories of the Low German poet . Fischerhude: Verlag Atelier im Bauernhaus, [2015].

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ https://gso.gbv.de/DB=2.1/SET=1/TTL=1/SHW?FRST=10/PRS=HOL
  2. ↑ https://gso.gbv.de/DB=2.1/PPNSET?PPN=446659363
  3. ↑ https://gso.gbv.de/DB=2.1/SET=4/TTL=1/SHW?FRST=2/PRS=HOL
  4. ↑ Lawrence D. Stokes: Small Town and National Socialism: Selected Documents on the History of Eutin 1918-1945. Neumünster: Wachholtz, 1984. (Sources and research on the history of Schleswig-Holstein; Bd. 82.) ISBN 3-529-02182-2 .
  5. ↑ http://www.bremen-history.de/die-andere-wahrheit-ueber-alma-rogge/
  6. ↑ http://www.bremen-history.de/die-andere-wahrheit-ueber-alma-rogge/
  7. ↑ Krogmann, Ferdinand: Waldemar Augustiny - Schöngeist under the swastika. Weimar 2005.
  8. ↑ Bremer Zeitung from August 15, 1937.
  9. ^ Eva-Maria Gehler: Female Nazi Affinities: Degree of affinity to the system of women writers in the "Third Reich", Königshausen & Neumann, 2010, p. 43
  10. ^ Eva-Maria Gehler: Female Nazi Affinities . Königshausen & Neumann, 2010, ISBN 978-3-826-04405-2 ( limited preview in the Google book search).
  11. ↑ https://gso.gbv.de/DB=2.1/SET=6/TTL=1/SHW?FRST=2/PRS=HOL
  12. ↑ http://www.bremen-history.de/die-andere-wahrheit-ueber-alma-rogge/
  13. ^ Arn Strohmeyer, Der Nachläufer: Manfred Hausmann and National Socialism, Bremen, Donat Verlag 1999, ISBN 978-3931737849
personal data
SURNAME Rogge, Alma
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Lower Saxony writer
DATE OF BIRTH July 24, 1894
PLACE OF BIRTH Brunswarden near Rodenkirchen
DATE OF DEATH 7th February 1969
Place of death Bremen-Rönnebeck