Eriospermum

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Eriospermum
Eriospermum corymbosum

Eriospermum corymbosum

Systematics
Class : Bedecktsamer (Magnoliopsida)
Monocots
Order : Asparagales (Asparagales)
Family : Asparagaceae (Asparagaceae)
Subfamily : Nolinoideae
Genre : Eriospermum
Scientific name
Eriospermum
Jacq.

Eriospermum is a genus of plants that belongs to the asparagus family (Asparagaceae). It used to be the only genus in the monogeneric family Eriospermaceae . Final The botanical name of the genus is derived from the Greek words erion for 'wool' and -spermus for 'seedy'. He refers to the characteristic hairy seeds of the genus. In Afrikaans the tubers are called bobbejaanui , or 'baboon onion'.

description

The species of the genus Eriospermum grow as perennial geophytes with single or runners forming hypocotyl tubers that are very variable in shape and size . The tubers are spherical to elongated and have an apical or dorsal vegetation point and white to red tuber tissue . The leaf stalks are persistent and form a sheath through which the foliage leaf of the next year appears. The falling and usually single leaf appears with or after the flowers . It is flat, ovoid to linear, smooth, hairy or with finger-like outgrowths or has deeply incised appendages on the upper side of the leaf.

The simple inflorescence is paniculate and usually appears during summer or autumn. The upright flower stem has no or only tiny bracts . The stalked flowers that open during the day are actinomorphic and wheel- to bell-shaped. Your six tepals and the six stamens are arranged in two circles. The white, pink or yellow tepals are somewhat fused together at their base and there in turn with the stamens. The stamens are thread-like to lanceolate, the dorsifix, introrsen anthers are shield-shaped and tear open lengthways. The Upper permanent, sedentary ovary is spherical and dreifächrig. It contains few ovules with central placentation . The stylus is round, the stigma three-lobed.

The fruits are elongated to egg-shaped loculicidal capsules . They contain a few (up to twelve) pear- to comma-shaped seeds that are densely covered with long, white, single-celled hairs .

distribution

The species of the genus eriospermum are in Africa of the south Sahara widespread. A center of biodiversity is the Succulent Karoo , which is located in the Western Cape province of South Africa . Numerous species are endemic to the semi-arid winter rain areas there .

Systematics

The first description of the genus Eriospermum with a total of three species was made in 1796 by Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin . Nomenclatory synonyms of the genus are Loncodilis Raf. , Phylloglottis Salisb. and Thaumaza Salisb. The type species is Eriospermum lanceifolium Jacq.

Stephan Ladislaus Endlicher first referred to the genus as an independent family Eriospermaceae in 1836. Karl Sigismund Kunth knew eight species of the genus in 1843. In 1994, in her revision of the genus, Pauline Lesley Perry (* 1927) divided the 102 species into three sub-genera with nine sections :

  • Subgenus Ligulatum P.L.Perry
    • Section Synanthum P.L.Perry
    • Section Grandibracteatum P.L.Perry
    • Section Photopedicellatum P.L.Perry
    • Section Thaumaza (Salisb.) PLPerry
    • Section Ligulatum P.L. Perry ex Thiede
  • Subgenus Cyathiflorum P.L.Perry
    • Section Cyathiflorum P.L. Perry ex Thiede
    • Section Rotatum P.L.Perry
  • Subgenus Eriospermum
    • Section Eriospermum
    • Section Gracilum P.L.Perry

The genus Eriospermum includes the following species:

proof

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin: Collectanea Ad Botanicam, Chemiam, Et Historiam Naturalem Spectantia . Supplement-Band, Vienna 1796, p. 72 (online) .
  2. ↑ Genera plantarum secundum ordines naturales disposita . F. Beck, 1 Vienna 1836-1840, pp. 156-157 (online) .
  3. ↑ Enumeratio plantarum omnium hucusque cognitarum, secundum familias naturales disposita, adjectis characteribus, differentiis et synonymis . Volume 4, JG Cotta, Stuttgart / Tübingen 1843, pp. 649-656 (online) .
  4. ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Eriospermum. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved December 8, 2011.

further reading

  • Matthew Opel, Steven Hammer: Elusive Eriospermums . In Cactus and Succulent Journal . Volume 73, Number 4, Cactus and Succulent Society of America, 2001, pp. 187-193.
  • Pauline L. Perry: A revision of the genus Eriospermum (Eriospermaceae) . Contributions from the Bolus Herbarium, Volume 17, Bolus Herbarium, University of Cape Town, [Cape Town 1994].

Web links

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