Eriospermum
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Eriospermum | ||||||||||||
Jacq. |
Eriospermum is a genus of plants that belongs to the asparagus family (Asparagaceae). It used to be the only genus in the monogeneric family Eriospermaceae . Final The botanical name of the genus is derived from the Greek words erion for 'wool' and -spermus for 'seedy'. He refers to the characteristic hairy seeds of the genus. In Afrikaans the tubers are called bobbejaanui , or 'baboon onion'.
description
The species of the genus Eriospermum grow as perennial geophytes with single or runners forming hypocotyl tubers that are very variable in shape and size . The tubers are spherical to elongated and have an apical or dorsal vegetation point and white to red tuber tissue . The leaf stalks are persistent and form a sheath through which the foliage leaf of the next year appears. The falling and usually single leaf appears with or after the flowers . It is flat, ovoid to linear, smooth, hairy or with finger-like outgrowths or has deeply incised appendages on the upper side of the leaf.
The simple inflorescence is paniculate and usually appears during summer or autumn. The upright flower stem has no or only tiny bracts . The stalked flowers that open during the day are actinomorphic and wheel- to bell-shaped. Your six tepals and the six stamens are arranged in two circles. The white, pink or yellow tepals are somewhat fused together at their base and there in turn with the stamens. The stamens are thread-like to lanceolate, the dorsifix, introrsen anthers are shield-shaped and tear open lengthways. The Upper permanent, sedentary ovary is spherical and dreifächrig. It contains few ovules with central placentation . The stylus is round, the stigma three-lobed.
The fruits are elongated to egg-shaped loculicidal capsules . They contain a few (up to twelve) pear- to comma-shaped seeds that are densely covered with long, white, single-celled hairs .
distribution
The species of the genus eriospermum are in Africa of the south Sahara widespread. A center of biodiversity is the Succulent Karoo , which is located in the Western Cape province of South Africa . Numerous species are endemic to the semi-arid winter rain areas there .
Systematics
The first description of the genus Eriospermum with a total of three species was made in 1796 by Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin . Nomenclatory synonyms of the genus are Loncodilis Raf. , Phylloglottis Salisb. and Thaumaza Salisb. The type species is Eriospermum lanceifolium Jacq.
Stephan Ladislaus Endlicher first referred to the genus as an independent family Eriospermaceae in 1836. Karl Sigismund Kunth knew eight species of the genus in 1843. In 1994, in her revision of the genus, Pauline Lesley Perry (* 1927) divided the 102 species into three sub-genera with nine sections :
- Subgenus Ligulatum P.L.Perry
- Section Synanthum P.L.Perry
- Section Grandibracteatum P.L.Perry
- Section Photopedicellatum P.L.Perry
- Section Thaumaza (Salisb.) PLPerry
- Section Ligulatum P.L. Perry ex Thiede
- Subgenus Cyathiflorum P.L.Perry
- Section Cyathiflorum P.L. Perry ex Thiede
- Section Rotatum P.L.Perry
- Subgenus Eriospermum
- Section Eriospermum
- Section Gracilum P.L.Perry
The genus Eriospermum includes the following species:
- Eriospermum abyssinicum Baker
- Eriospermum aequilibre Poelln.
- Eriospermum alcicorne Baker
- Eriospermum algiferum Marloth ex AVDuthie
- Eriospermum andongense Welw. ex Baker
- Eriospermum aphyllum Marloth
- Eriospermum appendiculatum A.V.Duthie
- Eriospermum arachnoideum P.L. Perry
- Eriospermum arenosum P.L.Perry
- Eriospermum aribesense P.L.Perry
- Eriospermum armianum P.L.Perry
- Eriospermum attenuatum Marloth ex PLPerry
-
Eriospermum bakerianum Schinz
- Eriospermum bakerianum subsp. bakerianum
- Eriospermum bakerianum subsp. tortuosum (Dammer) PLPerry
- Eriospermum bayeri P.L. Perry
- Eriospermum bifidum R.A. Dyer
- Eriospermum bowieanum Baker
- Eriospermum bracteatum Archibald
- Eriospermum brevipes Baker
- Eriospermum breviscapum Marloth ex PLPerry
- Eriospermum bruynsii P.L. Perry
- Eriospermum buchubergense Dinter
- Eriospermum calcareum P.L. Perry
-
Eriospermum capense (L.) TMalter
- Eriospermum capense subsp. capense
- Eriospermum capense subsp. stoloniferum (Marloth) PLPerry
- Eriospermum cecilii Baker
- Eriospermum cernuum Baker
- Eriospermum cervicorne Marloth
- Eriospermum ciliatum P.L. Perry
- Eriospermum citrinum P.L. Perry
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Eriospermum coactum P.L.Perry
- Eriospermum cooperi var. Cooperi
- Eriospermum cooperi var. Natalense (Baker) PLPerry
- Eriospermum cordiforme T.M. Alter
- Eriospermum corymbosum Baker
- Eriospermum crispum P.L. Perry
- Eriospermum currorii (Baker) Baker
- Eriospermum descendens Marloth ex PLPerry
- Eriospermum deserticolum Marloth ex PLPerry
-
Eriospermum dielsianum Schltr. ex Poelln.
- Eriospermum dielsianum subsp. dielsianum
- Eriospermum dielsianum subsp. molle Marloth ex PLPerry
- Eriospermum dissitiflorum Schltr.
- Eriospermum dregei Schönland
- Eriospermum dyeri Marloth ex Archibald
- Eriospermum erinum P.L.Perry
- Eriospermum eriophorum Marloth ex PLPerry
- Eriospermum ernstii P.L. Perry
- Eriospermum exigium P.L.Perry
- Eriospermum exile P.L. Perry
- Eriospermum filicaule Marloth ex PLPerry
- Eriospermum flabellatum Marloth ex PLPerry
- Eriospermum flavum P.L. Perry
- Eriospermum Flexum P.L.Perry
- Eriospermum flexuosum Welw. ex Baker
- Eriospermum folioliferum Andrews
- Eriospermum fragile P.L. Perry
- Eriospermum glaciale P.L. Perry
- Eriospermum graminifolium A.V.Duthie
- Eriospermum graniticola Dinter ex Poelln.
- Eriospermum halenbergense Dinter
- Eriospermum inconspicuum P.L. Perry
- Eriospermum juttae Dinter
- Eriospermum kiboense K. Krause
- Eriospermum kirkii Baker
- Eriospermum krauseanum Poelln.
- Eriospermum lanceifolium Jacq.
- Eriospermum lanimarginatum Marloth ex PLPerry
- Eriospermum lanuginosum Jacq.
- Eriospermum lavranosii P.L. Perry
- Eriospermum laxiracemosum P.L. Perry
- Eriospermum macgregoriorum P.L. Perry
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Eriospermum mackenii (Hook.f.) Baker
- Eriospermum mackenii subsp. galpinii (Schinz) PL Perry
- Eriospermum mackenii subsp. mackenii
- Eriospermum mackenii subsp. phippsii (Wild) PLPerry
- Eriospermum marginatum Marloth ex PLPerry
- Eriospermum minutiflorum Marloth ex PLPerry
- Eriospermum minutipustulatum P.L.Perry
- Eriospermum multifidum Marloth
- Eriospermum namaquanum Marloth ex PLPerry
- Eriospermum nanum Marloth
- Eriospermum occultum Archibald
- Eriospermum ophioglossoides Welw. ex Baker
- Eriospermum ornithogaloides Baker
- Eriospermum orthophyllum (Archibald) PLPerry
- Eriospermum paludosum Baker
- Eriospermum papilliferum A.V.Duthie
- Eriospermum paradoxum (Jacq.) Ker Gawl.
- Eriospermum parvifolium Jacq.
- Eriospermum parvulum P.L. Perry
- Eriospermum patentiflorum Schltr.
- Eriospermum porphyrium Archibald
- Eriospermum porphyrovalve Baker
- Eriospermum proliferum Baker
- Eriospermum pubescens Jacq.
- Eriospermum pumilum T.M. Alter
- Eriospermum pusillum P.L. Perry
- Eriospermum pustulatum Marloth ex AVDuthie
- Eriospermum ramosum P.L. Perry
- Eriospermum ratelpoortianum P.L.Perry
- Eriospermum rhizomatum P.L. Perry
- Eriospermum roseum Schinz
- Eriospermum sabulosum P.L. Perry
- Eriospermum schinzii Conrath ex Baker
- Eriospermum schlechteri Baker
- Eriospermum spirale (L.) Bergius ex Schult. & School f.
- Eriospermum stenophyllum Welw. ex Baker
- Eriospermum subincanum P.L. Perry
- Eriospermum subtle P.L. Perry
- Eriospermum titanopsoides P.L.Perry
- Eriospermum triphyllum Baker
- Eriospermum tuberculatum P.L. Perry
- Eriospermum undulatum P.L. Perry
- Eriospermum vermiforme Marloth ex PLPerry
- Eriospermum villosum Baker
- Eriospermum viscosum Marloth ex PLPerry
- Eriospermum volkmanniae Dinter
- Eriospermum zeyheri R.A. Dyer
proof
literature
- Urs Eggli (ed.): Succulent lexicon. Monocotyledons . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3662-7 , pp. 284-285 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin: Collectanea Ad Botanicam, Chemiam, Et Historiam Naturalem Spectantia . Supplement-Band, Vienna 1796, p. 72 (online) .
- ↑ Genera plantarum secundum ordines naturales disposita . F. Beck, 1 Vienna 1836-1840, pp. 156-157 (online) .
- ↑ Enumeratio plantarum omnium hucusque cognitarum, secundum familias naturales disposita, adjectis characteribus, differentiis et synonymis . Volume 4, JG Cotta, Stuttgart / Tübingen 1843, pp. 649-656 (online) .
- ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Eriospermum. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved December 8, 2011.
further reading
- Matthew Opel, Steven Hammer: Elusive Eriospermums . In Cactus and Succulent Journal . Volume 73, Number 4, Cactus and Succulent Society of America, 2001, pp. 187-193.
- Pauline L. Perry: A revision of the genus Eriospermum (Eriospermaceae) . Contributions from the Bolus Herbarium, Volume 17, Bolus Herbarium, University of Cape Town, [Cape Town 1994].
Web links
- Gerhard F. Wagner: Strange Eriospermum Species from Western South Africa . Part 1 and Part 2 .
- Entry in the Flora of Zimbabwe
- The Eriospermum homepage
- Eriospermum at the Pacific Bulb Society