Ernst Pöhner

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Ernst Pöhner (born January 11, 1870 in Hof an der Saale ; † April 11, 1925 near Feldkirchen ) was a German lawyer, police chief in Munich , politician and one of the participants in the Hitler-Ludendorff putsch in 1923.

Life

Pöhner was the son of Hof's city secretary and head of the chancellery, Johann Georg Pöhner, and his wife Johanna Karolina Sophia Pöhner, b. Kirchner. He grew up in Hof an der Saale and graduated from high school there in 1887. He then studied at the University of Munich law to a legal career in the Kingdom of Bavaria pursue. After various positions (third public prosecutor in Amberg in 1897, district judge in Landshut in 1898, second public prosecutor in Nuremberg in 1899), he was a district judge in Munich from 1904. There he was also a member of the local group of the Pan-German Association and later also joined the Thule Society .

In 1910 Pöhner married Grete, née Thein, and three years later he had a son.

He took part in the First World War as captain of the reserve . In 1915 Pöhner was promoted to the Higher Regional Court Council and was head of the Stadelheim Prison in Munich after the First World War , before he was appointed Police President of Munich on May 3, 1919 . In this capacity he covered the activities of the anti-Semitic secret society Organization Consul and created a "political department", which he entrusted Wilhelm Frick to lead.

During the Kapp Putsch in March 1920, Pöhner, together with the head of the radical right-wing resident groups Georg Escherich and General Arnold von Möhl , forced the resignation of the social democratic state government Hoffmann in a coup-like action and ensured the establishment of the right-wing bourgeois government under Gustav von Kahr . Pöhner openly opposed the lifting of the state of emergency in Bavaria, which resulted in his leave of absence. On September 28, 1921, he resigned as police chief and in October became a councilor at the Supreme Court in Munich.

Pöhner had known Adolf Hitler since 1920. In November 1923 he was a leader in the Hitler-Ludendorff putsch . He should be the new Bavarian Prime Minister. He was probably also involved in the draft constitution that the putschists wanted to bring into force. As a defendant in the Hitler trial in 1924, he declared what he was accused of high treason of having been practicing for five years. For treason, he was the Munich People's Court on April 1, 1924 to five years imprisonment convicted, but of which he served only three months. From January 1925, Pöhner was in custody in Landsberg , from which he was released early on March 31, subject to probation.

While still in prison, Pöhner was elected to the Bavarian state parliament in the state elections on April 6, 1924 for the Völkisch Block in Bavaria, a member organization of the National Socialist Freedom Party. In December of that year he joined the DNVP .

On April 11, 1925, three months after his release from prison, he had a fatal accident in a mysterious car accident near Feldkirchen. The SS appeared in public for the first time at his funeral on April 16 . On November 18, 1927, Pöhner was reburied and buried in the "Heldenhain" of Hoheneck Castle (Ipsheim) . In addition to the lord of the castle, the Munich publisher Julius Friedrich Lehmann , Julius Streicher , Adolf Hitler, Rudolf Hess and Joseph Goebbels attended the memorial service there with 750 participants .

Pöhner's mandate in the Bavarian state parliament was taken over by Georg Zipfel , who moved up after his death .

Hitler praised Pöhner and Frick in Mein Kampf as "the only higher civil servants who even then had the courage to be first Germans and then civil servants."

During the Nazi era, a street in Hof was named after him, which has been called Friedrich-Naumann-Straße since 1946.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Michael Peters: Pan-German Association (ADV), 1891-1939. In: Historical Lexicon of Bavaria . March 11, 2011, accessed March 9, 2012 .
  2. ^ Hermann Wilhelm: poet, thinker, murderer . Berlin 1989, p. 44f ( Memento from April 10, 2005 in the Internet Archive ).
  3. ↑ Reinhard Weber: A capable official with a flawless past. The disciplinary proceedings against the treason Wilhelm Frick in 1924 . In: Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte 42 (1994), p. 148. (PDF; 7.7 MB)
  4. ^ Martin Sabrow : Organization Consul (OC), 1920-1922 . In: Historisches Lexikon Bayerns , accessed on February 6, 2016
  5. ^ Hans Günter Hockerts :  Pöhner, Ernst. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 20, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-428-00201-6 , p. 560 f. ( Digitized version ).
  6. ^ Paul Hoser: Schutzstaffel (SS), 1925-1945. In: Historical Lexicon of Bavaria . March 18, 2011, accessed March 9, 2012 .
  7. ^ Wolfgang Mück: Nazi stronghold in Middle Franconia: The völkisch awakening in Neustadt an der Aisch 1922–1933. Verlag Philipp Schmidt, 2016 (= Streiflichter from home history. Special volume 4); ISBN 978-3-87707-990-4 , pp. 71 and 263.
  8. ↑ Adolf Hitler: Mein Kampf . Eher-Verlag, Munich 1942, p. 403, quoted by Hans-Christian Jasch: State Secretary Wilhelm Stuckart and the Jewish policy. The clean management myth. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2012, p. 116 (accessed via De Gruyter Online).
  9. ↑ Origin of the street names and location of the streets in Hof - letter F on www.stadt-hof.org ( Memento of the original from October 22nd, 2004 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved December 3, 2013 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.stadt-hof.org
predecessor Office successor
Karl Vollnhals Munich police chief
May 3, 1919 to October 1, 1921 		Eduard Nortz
personal data
SURNAME Pöhner, Ernst
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Police chief of Munich
DATE OF BIRTH January 11, 1870
PLACE OF BIRTH Hof on the Saale
DATE OF DEATH April 11, 1925
Place of death Feldkirchen (near Munich)