Esti Freud

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Ernestine "Esti" Freud (born Drucker, May 22, 1896 in Vienna , Austria-Hungary ; died October 29, 1980 in New York City ) was an Austrian-American speech therapist .

Life

Ernestine Drucker was the eldest of three daughters of the lawyer Leopold Drucker (1860–1938) and Ida Schramek (1870–1942), who came from a wealthy family.

Ernestine Drucker attended the Black Forest School and then the public high school for girls. She also received acting lessons from Ferdinand Gregori . During the First World War, Drucker worked for a year as a voluntary health worker. Her parents did not allow her high school diploma or a course of study, as this was considered to be detrimental to her chances of getting married, instead she was allowed to take lessons in speaking and lyrical interpretation from the retired castle actress Olga Lewinsky . Freud later appeared occasionally as a reciter.

In December 1919, Esti Drucker married the lawyer Jean-Martin Freud (1889–1967), the eldest son of the psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud . They had the children Anton Walter and Miriam Sophie . In addition to family responsibilities, Freud gave speech lessons at the Black Forest schools. In September 1926 she began training as a speech, voice and hearing therapist as an intern with Emil Fröschels at the Vienna University Clinic, and from September 1927 worked as his unpaid assistant. In Eos. In 1929, she reported to the Zeitschrift für Heilpädagogik about her observations from working with children with speech disorders at the outpatient clinic. In addition, she gave courses in correctly spoken German and speaking technique at Vienna Adult Education Centers and at the Vienna Business School.

From the summer semester of 1932 Freud worked as a "lecturer for speech technology and voice training" at the Philosophical Faculty of the University of Vienna and held courses for listeners from all faculties in "speech technology, breathing and voice training" as well as "exercises for speech and voice impaired people". Only college fees were agreed as payment .

In 1938, after Austria was annexed to National Socialist Germany, her father died under the impact of the November pogroms . Esti Freud was withdrawn from teaching at the university on April 22, 1938 for racist reasons. Since the Freud couple had already drifted apart, their son Walter emigrated to London with his father. In May 1938, Esti Freud emigrated to Paris with her daughter Sophie, where her sisters lived.

In Paris, Freud published articles in French on speech therapy and speech disorders in the journal Practica Oto-Rhino-Laryngologica . During the German conquest of France , she and her daughter fled to Nice in June 1940 , and they ended up in Casablanca in December 1941 , until they were able to enter the USA via Lisbon in October 1942 . After fleeing to France in 1942, her mother was imprisoned in the Drancy assembly camp and from there deported to Auschwitz , where she was murdered.

She got an unpaid job as a speech therapist at New York's Manhattan Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat (EENT) Hospital, which she held for 17 years. She also worked unpaid at Cornell Medical College to set up a language clinic there. In 1946 she got her first regularly paid part-time position as a speech and voice therapist for children after cleft palate operations in the plastic surgery department at New York Hospital .

Freud received US citizenship in 1948. In order to improve her career opportunities, she attended evening courses at the New School for Social Research and received her doctorate there in 1955 with the dissertation "The social implications of language disturbances". She was a participant in the international speech therapy congresses in Amsterdam (1950), Madrid , Barcelona (1956), Copenhagen (1977) and Paris and gave a total of three lectures at these. After retiring from NY Hospital in 1971, she worked in the profession until 1978.

At the request of her daughter Sophie Freud , she wrote the autobiography Vignettes of my Life at the age of 82 . Her urn was buried in the Vienna Central Cemetery in her father's grave.

Contributions

  • Esti D. Freud: The social implications of language disturbances . Ph. D. New School for Social Research, 1955
  • Esti Freud: Speech Therapy. Experiences with Patients Who Had Undergone Total Laryngectomy . In: Archives of Otolaryngology 48/2 (1948), pp. 50-52.
  • Esti Freud: Speech rehabilitation of patients with cleft palate . In: Archives of Otolaryngology 51/5 (1950), pp. 685-695.
  • Esti Freud: Clinical language rehabilitation of the veteran - methods and result . In: American Journal of Psychiatry 107/12 (1951), pp. 881-889.
  • Esti Freud: Speech Therapy. Experiences with Patients Who Had Undergone Total Laryngectomy - Recent Trends in Aphasic Research . In: American Journal of Psychiatry 110/3 (1953), pp. 186-193
  • Esti D. Freud: Functions and dysfunctions of the ventricular folds . Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders; 27.4, 1962
  • Esti D. Freud: Common vocal disturbances and suggestions for therapy . Logopedie en foniatrie; 35.5, 1963
  • Esti Drucker Freud: Vignettes of my life 1899–1979 . Typescript 1979, PDF online 98 pages , at: Leo Baeck Institute , New York, Memoir Collection
    • Excerpt in: Andreas Lixl-Purcell (Ed.): Women of Exile: German-Jewish Autobiographies since 1933 . Greenwood, Westport 1988, ISBN 0-313-25921-6 , pp. 103-108
    • Excerpt in German translation in: Albert Lichtblau (Ed.): As if we had belonged . Böhlau, Vienna 1999, pp. 578–597
  • Sophie Freud: In the shadow of the Freud family. My mother is living in the 20th century . Translation by Erica Fischer and Sophie Freud. Claassen, Berlin 2006, ISBN 3-546-00398-5

literature

Bibliographical information mainly from: Kniefacz, Gedenkbuch

  • Sophie Freud: My three mothers and other passions . Translation of Brigitte Stein. Claassen, Düsseldorf 1989, ISBN 3-546-42957-5 , pp. 12-15; Pp. 354-367
  • Martin Freud: My father Sigmund Freud . Translation of Brigitte Janus-Stanek. Mettes, Heidelberg 1999
  • Eva Weissweiler : The Freuds . Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Cologne 2006, passim
  • Freud, Esti. In: Ilse Korotin (ed.): BiografıA. Lexicon of Austrian Women. Volume 1: A-H. Böhlau, Vienna / Cologne / Weimar 2016, ISBN 978-3-205-79590-2 , p. 903.
  • Katharina Kniefacz: Ernestine Drucker Freud. In: Ilse Korotin (Ed.): Scientists in and from Austria. Life - work - work . Volume 2, Vienna 2017
  • Paul Roazen : Meeting Freud's family . University of Massachusetts Press, Amherst 1993, pp. 135-149, 152-166

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Encyklopedie dějin města Brna: Leopold Drucker , Friedhöfe Wien
  2. ^ Eva Weisweiler: Die Freuds , 2006, p. 239f.
  3. ↑ Martin Freud , Chronology, at psyalpha
  4. ^ Eva Weisweiler: Die Freuds , 2006, p. 306f.
personal data
SURNAME Freud, Esti
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Freud, Esti D .; Drucker, Ernestine (maiden name); Freud, Ernestine Drucker; Freud, Ernestine
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian-American speech therapist
DATE OF BIRTH May 22, 1896
PLACE OF BIRTH Vienna
DATE OF DEATH October 29, 1980
Place of death New York City