Eugène Spuller
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Séraphin Jacques Eugène Spuller (born December 8, 1835 in Seurre , Département Côte-d'Or , † July 23, 1896 in Sombernon , Département Côte-d'Or) was a French politician who, among other things, was a member of the Chamber of Deputies between 1876 and 1892 and was a member of the Senate from 1892 until his death in 1896 . In addition, he was between 1881 Undersecretary to the Prime Minister and the Foreign Minister, 1887 Minister of public instruction, worship and fine arts , 1889-1890 Foreign Minister was, and from 1893 to 1894 again minister of public instruction, worship and fine arts.
Life
Lawyer and journalist
Spuller, whose father came from Baden , grew up in a family of farmers and merchants. He was first privately tutored by his grandfather and did not begin formal schooling at Dijon grammar school until 1847, when he was twelve . After finishing school, he completed a law degree and, after being admitted to the Paris Bar (Barreau de Paris) in 1862, worked as a lawyer . In court he met the lawyer Léon Gambetta , who was a few years his junior and who also wrote articles for a large number of newspapers and magazines. He then also became a journalist and was initially a correspondent for the newspaper L'Europe in Frankfurt am Main in 1866 and then worked for the newspapers Le Nain jaune , Journal de Paris and the Encyclopédie générale , for which he wrote articles on Germany and the battle of Königgrätz in particular . He was then one of the leading editors of the Revue politique, alongside Gambetta, Paul Challemel-Lacour , François Allain-Targé , Jules Ferry and Henri Brisson, and founded the weekly newspaper in 1868 with his brother François-Auguste Spuller , who later became prefect of the Haute-Marne department Journal de Langres .
In 1869, Spuller published the signatures of 1,500 electors against the candidacy of the then Prime Minister Émile Ollivier in Paris and at the same time a book entitled Petite histoire du second Empire . After the proclamation of the Third French Republic on September 4, 1870, he began to become increasingly politically active and on October 7, 1870, together with the now interior minister Gambetta Paris, to defend it in the Franco-German War . On February 8, 1871, he ran for a seat in the Chamber of Deputies for the first time as a candidate for the Republicans in the Côte-d'Or department , but received only 1,180 of the 73,216 votes. After Gambetta founded the daily newspaper La République française on November 7, 1871 , he became its editor-in-chief and held this position until 1876.
Member of the National Assembly and Undersecretary of State
In the elections of March 5, 1876, Spuller was elected to the 3rd arrondissement of Paris as a member of the Chamber of Deputies (Chambre des députés) , receiving 12,043 of the 14,068 votes cast. He joined the parliamentary group of the Union républicaine and became one of its leaders. In the elections of October 14, 1877, he was re-elected with 14,530 of 16,703 votes and later president of the parliamentary group of the Union républicaine . As such, he was re-elected in the elections of August 21, 1881, but received significantly fewer votes than before with 9,550 of the 16,101 votes cast. After Léon Gambetta became Prime Minister and Foreign Minister on November 14, 1881, he appointed Spuller as Undersecretary in the Office of Prime Minister and Foreign Ministry (Sous-secrétaire d'Etat à la Présidence du Conseil et aux Affaires étrangères) . He held these offices until the end of Gambetta's tenure on January 27, 1882 and then took over again as chairman of the parliamentary group of the Union républicaine . In partial elections on January 25, 1882, he had run unsuccessfully for a seat in the Senate in the Seine department .
In 1883 Spuller became one of the four vice-presidents of the Chamber of Deputies. In the elections of October 4, 1885, he ran for both the Seine and the Côte-d'Or. While he received 103,632 of 434,632 votes in the first ballot in the Seine department, he was elected in the Côte-d'Or department in the second ballot on October 18, 1885 with 54,677 of the 91,997 votes cast.
minister
On May 30, 1887, Prime Minister Maurice Rouvier appointed Spuller as Minister for Public Education, Cults and Fine Arts (Ministre de l'Instruction publique, des Cultes et des Beaux-Arts) in his cabinet, which he held until the end of Rouvier's term on May 4 December 1887 belonged to. As Minister of Education, he stipulated by decree of October 1, 1887 that school fees for grammar schools were allowed to amount to one sixth of the fees for state universities. He also spoke out against a ruthless increase in the number of students in classical courses.
Prime Minister Pierre Tirard appointed him Foreign Minister (Ministre des Affaires étrangères) in his government on February 22, 1889 , of which he was a member until March 14, 1890. During this time he had to deal with the Sagallo affair that took place on February 17, 1889, in which French warships bombed the abandoned Fort Sagallo in the French territory of Obock and the protectorate of Tadjoura , which was occupied by Russian insurgent Cossacks under Nikolai Ivanovich Ashinov , with seven people (under them two women and four children) were killed. The Cossacks surrendered without firing a shot, were deported to Suez and returned to Russia. Ashinov was interned by the Russian government for a few months. In the elections of September 1889 he was re-elected as a member of the Chamber of Deputies with 6,501 in the 2nd constituency of Beaune and took over the office of Vice President of the Chamber of Deputies again on March 22, 1890 and January 15, 1891.
senator
In a by -election on April 24, 1892, made necessary by the death of Pierre Joigneaux , Spuller was finally elected a member of the Senate for the Union républicaine in the Côte-d'Or department , receiving 716 of the 1,047 votes. At the same time, on December 3, 1893, Prime Minister Jean Casimir-Perier reappointed him as Minister of Public Education, Cults and Fine Arts. He held this ministerial office until May 23, 1894. In a speech to the Chamber of Deputies, he urged a new spirit among the Catholics in this office. The recently elected MP Denys Cochin interrupted him and defended the freedom of religious instruction and the doctrine of the faith against the attacks of the governments of Pierre Waldeck-Rousseau and Émile Combes .
On January 7, 1894, with 812 of the 1,029 votes cast, he was re-elected senator for the Côte-d'Or department and was a member of the Senate until his death on July 23, 1896.
Rue Eugène Spuller , where the town hall of the 3rd arrondissement is located, was named in his honor .
Web links
- Entry on the homepage of the National Assembly
- Entry on the Senate homepage
- France: Ministries, political parties, etc. from 1870
Individual evidence
- ↑ governorate ROUVIER May 30 to December 4 1887
- ↑ governorate TIRARD December 12, 1887 - March 30, 1888
- ↑ GOVERNMENT CASIMIR-PERIER December 3, 1893 - May 22, 1894
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Spuller, Eugène |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Spuller, Séraphin Jacques Eugène |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | French politician and journalist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | December 8, 1835 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Seurre , Côte-d'Or department |
| DATE OF DEATH | July 23, 1896 |
| Place of death | Sombernon , Côte-d'Or department |