Euganeer

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Euganeans ( Latin Euganei , Greek εὐγενής) were a semi-mythical, pre- Italian people in the area of ​​today's Veneto .

Originally settled between the Adriatic Sea and the Alps , according to Titus Livius they are said to have been driven out by the Venetians and Trojans . They then settled in the area around Lake Iseo (Sebinus), Lake Idro (Edrus) and Lake Garda (Benacus). According to Pliny the Elder , they are said to have conquered 34 cities or castles there.

Both Pliny and Strabo name the Stoeni or Stoni, or Στόνοι, as the main tribe. According to Cato , the mountain peoples of the Triumpilini and Camuni in Val Camonica and Val Trompia are said to have belonged to the Euganei. Apparently it was already clear to the ancient authors that they were not related to Gauls , Councilors or Venetians. From the name Euganei, which was traced back to ἐυγενε̂ις (the well-born), Pliny even derived a Greek origin.

The Euganean Hills near Padua owe their name to this people, as well as the Venezia Euganea region , which was made up of today's Veneto and Friuli region , during the fascist era .

History of science

The writings of Livy and Pliny were received throughout Europe in the course of the Renaissance and the few reports about the Euganeans and the connection to Trojans and Venetians were adopted. The terse reports of Livy appeared in Marcus Antonius Sabellicus ' edition of the Historiae as well as those of Pliny and his Naturae historiarum libri XXXVII in Johannes Camers in the section De Alpibus et gentibus alpinis (Liber tertius, p. 37). Also Joannes Goropius in his nine books Origen Antwerpianae Sive Cimmeriorum Becceselana nor the ancient authors wrote off while Leandro Alberti asks where the Euganeans came from. He mentioned hypotheses that they were descendants of Greeks or a Tuscan prince and relied on Pliny, who claimed that they owned 34 "castelli". Philipp Clüver traced its name back to a Greek word that he translated as “outstanding” or “noble” (“quod praestanti ac nobili orti essent genere”). Johann Paul Reinhard (1722-1779) said of the Henetern they were "without doubt descendants of the Illyrians and have the Euganeos marketed before the Trojan war, from these areas." For Johann Ernst Fabri were Rhaetian and Euganeans identical while were "companions" for Peter Frederik Suhm .

The sparse information from the few sources apparently made it difficult to locate the Euganeans. They appear on the map of Karl Wolf in Meyer's Grosse Konversations-Lexikon from 1905–1911 as residents of Trentino .

In the atlas antiquus by Heinrich Kiepert from 1869, however, they still appeared as residents of the Valsugana , so they sat on the upper reaches of the Brenta and Piave . Archaeological finds at Montesei di Serso, near Pergine Valsugana , however, indicate that it dates from around 2000 to 1000 BC. Chr. On Raetian towards residents.

In the 9th century, if you follow Marina De Franceschini , the Venetians penetrated the plains of the Po river basin, where they mingled with the Euganeans. Morandi also took up the assumption that the Euganeans were related to the Raiders who lived on the southern and northern edge of the Alps.

literature

Remarks

  1. ↑ Ab urbe condita I, 1, 3 . There it says "Euganeisque qui inter mare Alpesque incolebant pulsis Enetos Troianosque eas tenuisse terras".
  2. ↑ Pliny Nat. Hist. III 130 u. 133 ( Memento of the original from October 20, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.hs-augsburg.de
  3. ↑ Str. iv. P. 204.
  4. ↑ Plin. Nat. 3.20. s. 24.
  5. ↑ Such takeovers can be found in Pietro Marso (Syllii italici, 1512, 8th book, fo. 136) corresponding references ( [1] ).
  6. ↑ Iohan. Goropii Becani Origines Antwerpianae Sive Cimmeriorum Becceselana , Christophorus Plantinus, Antwerp 1549, p. 959 ( digitized version ).
  7. ↑ Leandro Alberti: Descrittione di tutta Italia , Venice: Pietro dei Nicolini da Sabbio, 1551, p. 371.
  8. ^ Philipp Clüver: Italia Antiqua ... cum Sicila Sardinai et Corsica , Lugduni Batavorum 1624, p. 106.
  9. ^ Johann Paul Reinhard: Introduction to the Secular Stories of the Most Noble States , Johann Leopold Montag, Erlangen 1746, p. 478.
  10. ^ Johann Ernst Fabri: Johann Ernst Fabris geographical magazine , Volume 2, Issue 5–8, Leipzig, Dessau 1783, p. 95.
  11. ↑ Peter Frederik Suhm: attempt of a draft of a history of the emergence of the peoples in general , Lübeck 1790, p. 351 (translation of a Danish work from 1769) ( digitized ).
  12. ↑ Karl Wolf: Germania and the northern provinces of the Roman Empire. In: Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon (= Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon. 6th edition). 1905-1911. ( online )
  13. ↑ This is map 11 from: Heinrich Kiepert : Atlas antiquus , 5. neubearb. u. Probably ed. Reimer, Berlin 1869. Gaul, Britannia, Danube provinces on maproom.org
  14. ↑ Insediamento di Montesei di Serso ( Memento of the original dated May 11, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / laviadelbrenta.it
  15. ↑ Marina De Franceschini: Le ville romane della X regio Venetia et Histria , Vol. 2, Rome 1998, p. 67.
  16. ↑ Alessandro Morandi: Il cippo di Castelciès nell'epigrafia retica , Rome: L'erma di Bretschneider, 1999, p. 36.