Euryale ferox
| Euryale ferox | ||||||||||||
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Illustration by Euryale ferox |
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| Scientific name of the genus | ||||||||||||
| Euryale | ||||||||||||
| Salisb. | ||||||||||||
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| Euryale ferox | ||||||||||||
| Salisb. |
The spiked water lily ( Euryale ferox ) is the only plant species of the genus Euryale from the family of the Nymphaeaceae (Nymphaeaceae). It is native to the tropical and subtropical zones of East Asia (northern India, Bangladesh , Kashmir , Myanmar , China, Taiwan , Japan, Korea and the "Far East" of Russia). It thrives in stagnant fresh water.
Taxonomy
It was first described in 1805 by Richard Anthony Salisbury in KDKönig & Sims: Annals of Botany , 2: 74.
English common names for the plant species are Prickly Water Lily and Gorgon Plant . Names for the seeds are Foxnut, Gorgon, Makhana, Onibasu (in Japan), Qian Shi (in China).
description
It is an annual to a few years perennial herbaceous plant with an upright, unbranched rhizome .
Underwater and swimming leaves are formed. The stingless underwater leaves have a 4 to 10 cm wide leaf blade, the base of which is deeply heart-shaped. Its prickly, almost leathery floating leaves are extremely magnificent and are only surpassed in size by those of the royal water lily ( Victoria regia ). Their round leaf blade usually has a diameter of up to 1.3 (rarely up to 2.7) meters and is covered on both sides with "spines". In terms of structure and color, they can be described as wrinkled and olive-green on the upper side, whereby the purple-colored leaf veins are noticeable, whereas they are exclusively purple on the underside. The stalks of the floating leaves are also prickly.
The flower stalks are also prickly. The hermaphrodite and relatively small flowers of Euryale ferox for water lily plants have a diameter of up to 5 cm. The four green, 1 to 1.5 (rarely up to 3) cm large sepals (sepals) have "spines" bent back on the outside. The outer flower petals are purplish-blue and are made to always light to a white ring near the center flowers inside; they are 1 to 2.5 cm long. The seven to 16 carpels have become an ovary grown. There are six to eight ovules per carpel . The relatively short-lived flowers are only during the summer (flowering time: June to August) above the water level.
The dark purple, spherical and spongy fruit has a diameter of 5 to 10 cm, many spines and contains eight to many seeds. The round, black, smooth seeds have a diameter of 6 to 10 mm and an aril . The seed coat (testa) is thick and hard.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 58.
use
Among other things, this water plant serves as an ornamental plant for ponds.
In general, the sea lily can be regarded as a perennial plant, but in cool zones its lifespan does not usually extend far beyond a year, so it grows preferably in sunny areas. It is usually cultivated as an annual plant, i.e. it is sown anew every year.
The fruit, about the size of a small orange, is mild and pulpy inside. It is very much valued in China as a cooling, stimulating food. The seeds, about the size of a pea, are sold fresh and dried in Southeast Asia . Most of the time, the seeds are eaten after roasting or frying, which causes them to pop like popcorn . Starch is obtained from the seed. Very young stems and rhizomes are also eaten.
3.05 t / ha production of fresh fruits can be achieved. The fresh weight of a fruit is just under 160 g. The fresh weight of a seed is just under 1 g. Biochemical analyzes of the seeds showed: 61% carbohydrates , 15.6% proteins , 12.1% water content, 7.6% fiber content, 1.8% ash and 1.35% fat. The seeds contain twelve amino acids : histidine, leucine, isoleucine, glutamic acid , lysine, tyrosine, valine, aspartic acid , threonine, alanine, methionine and arginine.
Medicinal effects were examined.
swell
- Dezhi Fu, John H. Wiersema & Donald Padgett: Nymphaeaceae in der Flora of China , Volume 6, p. 118: Euryale ferox - genus and species - online (engl.)
- Md Almujaddade Alfasane, Moniruzzaman Khondker, ZN Tahmida Begum, Laila Arjumand Banu, Md Mahbubar Rahman, Umma Fatema Shahjadee: Fruit production and biochemical aspects of seeds of Euryale ferox Salisb. under ex situ conditions. In: Bangladesh J. Bot. 37 (2), 2008, pp. 179-181, ISSN 0253-5416 , doi: 10.3329 / bjb.v37i2.1727 .
- Vernon Hilton Heywood : Flowering Plants of the World. Basel / Boston / Stuttgart 1978.
- A. Jain, HB Singh, PB Kanjilal: Economics of foxnut (Euryale ferox Salisb.) Cultivation: A case study from Manipur in northeast India. In: Indian Journal of Natural Products and Resources. 1 (1), 2010, pp. 63–67, online (PDF), at IR @ NEIST - CSIR Central, accessed on October 8, 2019.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Euryale in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved May 30, 2018.
- ↑ Euryale ferox at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ↑ a b Euryale ferox at Plants For A Future .
- ↑ Almujaddade Alfasane et al.
Web links
- Euryale ferox at Useful Tropical Plants.
- Medical usage on healthydoses.wordpress.com.
- Euryale ferox inthe IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013.2. Posted by: Zhuang, X., 2010. Retrieved December 10, 2013.