Evangelos P. Papanoutsos

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Evangelos P. Papanoutsos ( Greek Ευάγγελος Π. Παπανούτσος , born July 27, 1900 in Piraeus ; † May 2, 1982 in Athens ) was a Greek educator , teacher , philosopher , essayist and translator .

Life

Evangelos Panagiotou Papanoutsos ( Greek Ευάγγελος Παναγιώτου Παπανούτσος ) grew up in Sopoto (now Aroania ), a village in Achaia . After attending grammar school in Piraeus, he studied from 1915 to 1919 at the Theological Faculty of the University of Athens . After obtaining his diploma in Athens, he moved to Alexandria to teach at the Greek Averoff High School ( Αβερώφειο Γυμνάσιο Αλεξάνδρειας ).

He interrupted this activity to continue his studies from 1924 to 1927 with a scholarship from the Greek scholar Ch. A. Nomikos (Χ. Α. Νομικός) in Germany and France in philosophy and educational science. In 1927 he received his doctorate at the Philosophical Faculty of the University of Tübingen with the idealist Erich Adickes with a dissertation on the subject of the religious experience of Plato . His other academic teachers included Heinrich Maier , Max Dessoir , Eduard Spranger and Kurt Lewin , Nicolai Hartmann and Max Scheler in Germany, Henri Bergson , Léon Brunschvicg , André Lalande and Victor Basch in France .

That same year, 1927, he filed a second dissertation ( Εισαγωγή εις την Φιλοσοφίαν της Θρησκείας - "Introduction to the Philosophy of Religion") one at the Faculty of Theology of the University of Athens, but does not defend, because he began to have doubts on his project, the teaching of Christianity to be able to underpin it philosophically.

He had his first dissertation printed in Alexandria. There he also had personal contact with Konstantinos Kavafis and Glafkos Alithersis , whom he would later call his intellectual mentors during this time. His first philosophical works also appeared in Alexandria.

In 1931 he returned to Greece and worked for thirteen years as the founder or director of teachers' seminars and pedagogical academies. So he founded the teacher training college of Mytilene and headed it from 1931 to 1934. From 1934 to 1936 he headed the Pedagogical Academy of Alexandroupoli . From 1937 to 1938 he was first deputy director, then director of the Pedagogical Academy of Ioannina , from 1938 to 1939 teacher at the Maraslis Teachers' Seminar ( Μαράσλειο Διδασκαλείο ) in Athens, from 1939 to 1943 director of the Pedagogical Academy of Tripoli and from 1943 to 1944 co-director of the Rallio Pedagogical Academy ( Ράλλειο Παιδαγωγική Ακαδημία ) in Piraeus.

After the country's liberation, Papanoutsos was no longer active in educational academies, but in the central service of the Ministry of Education. From 1944 to 1946 he was General Director ( Γενικός Διευθυντής ) of the Ministry of Education under the government of Georgios Papandreou , from April 15 to August 20, 1950 under the Nikolaos Plastiras government, Secretary General ( Γενικός Γραμματέας ) of the Ministry of Education from 196 to 196, under the government of Georgios Papandreou General Secretary of the Ministry of Education for the second time.

In addition, from 1947 to 1967 he taught philosophy, psychology and pedagogy at the educational institution Athenaion ( Αθήναιον ), which he founded himself , a people 's university that offered free evening courses in both the humanities and the natural sciences at university level. Well-known teachers and intellectuals taught in this institution. There he founded the journal Παιδεία και Ζωή ( Education and Life ), of which fifteen volumes appeared under his direction from 1946 to 1961.

From 1946 to 1967 he also wrote a weekly column for the newspaper Το Βήμα ( To Vima ). He published a selection from these in Εφήμερα (1950) and Επίκαιρα και ανεπίκαιρα (1962).

In addition, he acted from 1953 to 1958 as the editor of a series of 100 volumes of ancient Greek writers and from 1950 to 1960 a basic library of Byzantine and modern Greek literature (Βασική Βιβλιοθήκη), both of which were published by I. Sacharopoulou.

In 1958 he founded the Technical Schools of Konstantinos Doxiades as Vice-Chairman of the Technological Institute of Athens ( Αθηναϊκό Τεχνολογικό Ινστιτούτο ) and headed them until 1975.

In 1966 he traveled to the USA as a visiting professor and recorded his impressions in his book America (1966). He also attended the University of Minnesota , where Theofanis George Stavrou was already teaching at that time . The local University of Minnesota Library he bequeathed a copy of his unpublished memoir.

During the military dictatorship from April 1967 to July 1974 he was forced to give up many of his activities, but afterwards he took an energetic part in political life and, as a member of the Enosis Kendrou ( Center Union, Ένωσις Κέντρου), became the Council of State ( βουλευτής ) for the period 1974 to 1977 Επικρατείας ), especially to monitor the reform process in the education system.

plant

Papanoutsos is known in Greece above all for his educational work and work and his commitment to education policy. The reforms of the Greek education system of 1964 and 1976 owed him substantial impulses. His role model in this area was Alexandros Delmousos (Αλέξανδρος Δελμούζος), who initiated the use of the Dimotiki in schools. With the reform of 1976, Dimotiki finally became the language of instruction at all levels of education.

In the philosophical field, Papanoutsos mainly worked on ethics , aesthetics , psychology and the philosophy of religion . Here he turned from the scholastic thinking that was prevalent in Greece at the time and turned to pragmatism . Papanoutsos began his philosophical path with a 76-page review of a Greek book on responsibility and free will , in which a doctor advocated monistic materialism . Papanoutsos, on the other hand, was of the opinion that the spiritual world of man, the beautiful, the true, the good, had its own structure. In his trilogy of the mind he worked out this basic thesis for the fields of art, ethics and science. He specified them further in the three volumes On Art , On Ethics and On Science . He finally presented the final version of his thinking in the three volumes of The World of Spirit .

Papanoutsos also worked as a translator. He translated, together with Vasilis Tatakis, Plato's Phaidon and Protagoras (1939) and various articles by Immanuel Kant and David Hume into modern Greek.

In addition to Kavafis and Alithersis, Papanoutsos knew other important Greek writers of his time such as Nikos Kazantzakis , Kostis Palamas , Pandelis Prevelakis and Angelos Sikelianos personally and took part in the literary discussion, apart from his own magazine, also in others such as the Νέα Εστία ( Nea Estia ) and the Συνεταιριστής ( Syneteristis ). His studies on Palamas, Kavafis and Sikelianos, which had previously appeared in various journals, have been reprinted several times. Together with Ioannis Michail Panagiotopoulos (Ιωάννης Μιχαήλ Παναγιωτόπουλος, 1901–1982) and Dionysios Zakythinos he published a book on modern Greek literary criticism of the 19th and 20th centuries.

Theofanis G. Stavrou once again stated his objective as follows: Papanoutsos wanted to show the Greeks that “Christians can hold the Old Testament in one hand and Plato and Aristotle in the other without having to fear that their faith will be distorted, and without hating his teachers. "

Awards

  • 1965: Honorary Doctorate from the University of St Andrews
  • 1977: Honorary Chairman of the Εθνική Εταιρεία Ελλήνων Λογοτεχνών ( National Society of Greek Writers )
  • 1980: Full member of the Academy of Athens

Fonts (selection)

  • 1921 Το πρόβλημα της ελευθέρας βουλήσεως - ("The problem of free will")
  • 1924 Πραγματισμός και Ουμανισμός. Ανάπτυξις και κριτική των θεωριών ενός μεγάλου ρεύματος της συγχρόνου φιλοσοφίας - ("pragmatism and humanism. Development and criticism of the theories of a contemporary philosophy. Development and criticism")
  • 1927 The religious experience with Plato (Diss. Tübingen 1927)
    • Translation into Modern Greek: Το θρησκευτικό βίωμα στον Πλάτωνα (1968)
  • 1927 Εισαγωγή εις την Φιλοσοφίαν της Θρησκείας - ("Introduction to the Philosophy of Religion")
  • 1928 Η Τριλογία του Πνεύματος. Τέχνη, ηθική, επιστήμη - ("The trilogy of the mind. Art, ethics, science")
  • 1930 Περί τέχνης - ("About Art")
  • 1932 Περί ηθικής - ("About Ethics")
  • 1936 Περί επιστήμης - ("About Science")
  • 1940 Στοιχεία Ψυχολογίας - ("Basics of Psychology")
  • 1948 Ο κόσμος του Πνεύματος . Α '. Αισθητική - ("The world of spirit, 1: aesthetics")
  • 1949 Ο κόσμος του Πνεύματος. Β '. Ηθική (3rd edition 1970) - ("The world of the spirit, 2: ethics")
  • 1950 Εφήμερα - ("transient")
  • 1953/1956 Νεοελληνική Φιλοσοφία , 2 vols. (Βασική Βιβλιοθήκη, vol. 35-36) - ("Modern Greek Philosophy")
  • 1953 La Catharsis des Passions d'apres Aristote
  • 1954 Ο κόσμος του Πνεύματος . Γ '. Γνωσιολογία - ("The world of the spirit, 3: epistemology")
  • 1955 Παλαμάς, Καβάφης, Σικελιανός. Τρία μελετήματα (4th edition 1977) - ("Palamas, Kavafis, Sikelianos. Three studies")
  • 1956 Νεοελληνική κριτική (with Ioannis Michail Panagiotopoulos and Dionysios Zakythinos ; Modern Greek literary criticism ; Βασική Βιβλιοθήκη, vol. 42)
  • 1958 Φιλοσοφία και Παιδεία - ("Philosophy and Education")
  • 1962 Επίκαιρα και ανεπίκαιρα - ("current and non-current")
  • 1962 Η ηθική συνείδηση ​​και τα προβλήματά της - ("The ethical awareness and its problems")
  • 1963 Φιλοσοφικά προβλήματα - ("Philosophical Problems")
  • 1965 Αγώνες και αγωνία για την Παιδεία - ("Competitions and struggle for education")
  • 1966 Αμερική. Ενα κεφάλαιο της ιστορίας του ανθρώπου ("America. A Chapter in Human History")
  • 1970 Λογική (2nd edition 1974) - ("Logic")
  • 1971 Ο λόγος και ο άνθρωπος - ("The Logos and the Man")
  • 1973 Πρακτική Φιλοσοφία , 2 vols. - ("Practical Philosophy")
  • 1974 Ο νόμος και η αρετή - ("Practical Philosophy")
  • 1976 Το δίκαιον της πυγμής - ("The law of the thumb")
  • 1976 Ψυχολογία - ("Psychology")
  • 1976 Πολιτεία και δικαιοσύνη - ("State and Justice")
  • 1976 Η παιδεία, το μεγάλο μας πρόβλημα - ("Education - our big problem")
  • 1978 Η κρίση του πολιτισμού μας - ("The crisis of our culture")
  • 1978 Α. Δελμουζος. Η ζωή του. Επιλογή από το έργο του - ("A. Delmousos. His life. Selection from his work")
  • 1979 Οι δρόμοι της ζωής - ("The ways of life")

Issued posthumously

  • N. Georgopoulos (Ed.): Art and emotion. The aesthetics of EP Papanoutsos. Peter Lang, New York, Bern, Frankfurt am Main, Paris 1989 (New studies in aesthetics, Vol. 4), ISBN 0-8204-0866-2 .

Translations

  • 1971: Ιμμάνουελ Καντ, Δοκίμια - ("Articles")
  • 1974: Ντέιβιντ Χιουμ, Δοκίμια. Φιλολογικά, ηθικά, πολιτικά - ("Essays on Philology, Ethics and Politics")
  • 1979: Ντέιβιντ Χιουμ, Δοκίμια. Πολιτικά, οικονομικά, ιστορικά, πολιτικοοικονομικά - ("Essays on politics, economics, history and social policy")

literature

Festschriften

  • Αφιέρωμα στον Ευάγγελο Παπανούτσο . Athens Vol. 1: 1980, Vol. 2: 1983. - ("Gift for Evangelos Papanutsos")
  • Μελετήματα για τον Ε. Π. Παπανούτσο. Εορτασμός στα ογδοντάχρονά του. Athens 1981 (Τετράδια «Ευθύνης»). - ("Studies for EP Papanutsos. Celebration of his eightieth birthday")

Monographs and Articles

  • Georgia Apostolopoulou (Γεωργία Αποστολοπούλου): Παιδαγωγικές και φιλοσοφικές αναζητήσεις του Παπανούτσου στη Γερμναναν στη ρερ. In: Δωδώνη 15, 1986, 137-164. - ("Pedagogical and philosophical research by Papanoutsos in Germany")
  • Petros Charis (Πέτρος Χάρης): Ο σοφός και ο εκλαϊκευτής. [Ευάγγελος Π. Παπανούτσος]. In: Νέα Εστία 112, 1982, 1387-1388. - ("The scholar and the popularizer. [Evangelos P. Papanoutsos]")
  • Iakovos Christou (Ιάκωβος Χρίστου): Η ηθική του Ε. Π. Παπανούτσου. In: Ζήνων 3, 1982, 17-20. - ("The Ethics of EP Papanoutsos")
  • N. Georgopoulos: Art and Emotion: The Aesthetics of Papanoutsos. In: Journal of Aesthetic Education Vol. 20, 1986, pp. 17-40, (online) .
  • Klitos Ioannidis (Κλείτος Ιωαννίδης): Η Αισθητική του Ε. Π. Παπανούτσου. In: Ζήνων 3, 1982, 13-15. - ("The Aesthetics of EP Papanoutsos")
  • Vasilios Kirkos (Βασίλειος Κύρκος): Ευάγγελος Παπανούτσος. Ο κριτικός φιλόσοφος και ο αναμορφωτής της εκπαίδευσης. Σοκόλη-Κουλεδάκη, Athens 2012. - ( Evangelos Papanoutsos the critical philosopher and the reformer of the educational system )
  • Vasilios Kirkos (Βασίλειος Κύρκος): Ευάγγελος Παπανούτσος, ο φιλόσοφος. Εκδ. Φιλιππότης, Αθήνα 1989. - ("Evangelos Papanoutsos the philosopher")
  • Vasilios Kirkos (Βασίλειος Κύρκος): Ευάγγελος Παπανούτσος. Ο φιλόσοφος και οι γνωσιοθεωρητικές απόψεις του. In: Ελληνική Φιλοσοφική Επιθεώρηση 1, 1984, 12-18. - ("Evangelos Papanoutsos. The philosopher and his epistemological views")
  • Solon Makris (Σόλων Μακρής): Ο αισθητικός Παπανούτσος. In: Νέα Εστία 112, 1982, 1389-1394. - ("The Aesthetist Papanoutsos")
  • Michalakis Maratheftis (Μιχαλάκης Μαραθεύτης): Ο Ευάγγελος Παπανούτσος ως παιδαγωγός. In: Ζήνων 3, 1982, 21-26. - ("Evangelos Papanoutsos as a teacher")
  • Evangelos Moutsopoulos (Ευάγγελος Μουτσόπουλος): Ο Παπανούτσος ως ιστορικός της νεοελληνικής φιλοσοφίας. In: Ελληνική Φιλοσοφική Επιθεώρηση 1, 1984, 9-11. - ("Papanoutsos as a historian of modern Greek philosophy")
  • Evangelos Moutsopoulos (Ευάγγελος Μουτσόπουλος): Ο Παπανούτσος και η νεοελληνική φιλοσοφία. In: Νέα Εστία 112, 1982, 1332-1338. - ("Papanoutsos and the modern Greek philosophy")
  • Th. Nikolas (Θ. Νικόλας): Η αποσύνθεση της αστικής ιδεολογίας στην 'κριτική φιλοσοφία' του Ε. Παπανούτσου. In: Επαναστατική μαρξιστική επιθεώρηση 28, 1982, 26-27. - ("The dissolution of bourgeois ideology in the 'critical philosophy' of E. Papanoutsos")
  • Panagiotis Noutsos (Παναγιώτης Νούτσος): Η 'μορφολογία της ιστορίας' του O. Spengler στο έργο του Ε. Π. Παπανούτσου. In: Δωδώνη 9, 1980, 27-38. - ("The 'Morphology of History' by O. Spengler in the work of EP Papanoutsos")
  • Nikos Psimmenos (Νίκος Ψημμένος): Ε. Π. Παπανούτσος (1900-1982). Πρόσφατες ερμηνευτικές προσεγγίσεις του φιλοσοφικού έργου του. In: Μαντατοφόρος 21, 1983, 7-14. - ("EP Papanoutsos (1900–1982). New hermeneutical approaches to his philosophical work")
  • Theophanis Stavrou (Θεοφάνης Σταύρου): Ευάγγελος Παπανούτσος. Ο φιλόσοφος, ο παιδαγωγός, ο κριτικός. In: Τομές 67, 1980, 4-9. - ("Evangelos Papanoutsos, the philosopher, the pedagogue, the critic")
  • Doros Theodoulou (Δώρος Θεοδούλου): Η Γνωσιολογία του Ε. Π. Παπανούτσου. In: Ζήνων 3, 1982, 7-11. - ("The Epistemology of EP Papanoutsos")
  • Fanourios K. Voros (Φανούριος Κ. Βώρος): Ο Ευάγγελος Παπανούτσος ως παιδαγωγός. In: Ελληνική Φιλοσοφική Επιθεώρηση 1, 1984, 19-25. - ("Evangelos Papanoutsos as a teacher")

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ iason.auth.gr: Table of contents of the Βασική Βιβλιοθήκη
  2. ↑ Quoted from: Theofanis G. Stavrou, Evangelos P. Papanoutsos: Philosopher, Educator, Critic. An exhibit May 16 - July 31, 1980 (University of Minnesota, University libraries)
personal data
SURNAME Papanoutsos, Evangelos P.
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Παπανούτσος, Ευάγγελος Π. (Greek)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Greek educator, teacher, philosopher, essayist and translator
DATE OF BIRTH July 27, 1900
PLACE OF BIRTH Piraeus
DATE OF DEATH May 2, 1982
Place of death Athens