1. FC Katowice

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
1. FC Katowice
Club logo
Basic data
Surname First soccer club Katowice 1905 eV
Seat Katowice
founding February 5, 1905
resolution 1945
Colours black-and-white
Website efckatowice.pl
First soccer team
Venue MOSIR "Szopienice"
Places nb
league Class B
2017/18 13th place (class A)
home
Away

The 1. FC Katowice (full name first football club Katowice 1905 eV ) is a 1905 established football club from Katowice . Between 1922 and 1939 it was a football club of the German minority in Poland , in 1945 it was dissolved by the Polish authorities. In 2007 it was re-established as 1. FC Katowice . The club colors are black and white.

history

The founding place of FC Preußen Kattowitz
Logo of the former soccer club FC Preußen 05 Kattowitz (1905–1922)

1905 to 1922: In the German Reich

The club was founded on February 5, 1905 by the brothers Emil and Rudolf Fonfara as FC Preussen 05 Kattowitz . FC Preussen 05 Kattowitz was one of the founding members of the Katowice Ball Game Association in 1906 and won the first Katowice city championship in the same year. Since September 1906 the club belonged to the Southeast German Football Association . In 1907, 1908, 1909, 1913 and 1922 the Upper Silesian Masters Association was established . In 1908 , 1909 and 1913 he was also able to become vice-champion in Southeast Germany .

1922 to 1939: In Poland

With the partition of Upper Silesia in June 1922, Katowice fell to Poland. But the newly founded regional association of the Polish football association PZPN initially refused to accept the German clubs. Then 43 of them founded the " Wojewodschaft Fußballverband " under the leadership of FC Preußen 05 in July 1922 . But the PZPN headquarters in Krakow urged the German clubs to join the Polish regional association. Part of the compromise is the renaming of numerous clubs. FC Preußen 05 was called 1. FC Kattowitz .

The German club name was initially rejected by the Polish authorities; but they ultimately had to accept it, since the German-Polish Agreement on Upper Silesia (Geneva Agreement) allowed the minority to name their own organizations in their mother tongue. He continued to play in white jerseys and black shorts, in the colors of Prussia . In March 1923, the PZPN approved two of the German clubs for the top regional league, the Silesian A-Class: 1. FC and Diana Kattowitz .

The "scandal game" of 1927

In 1927 the club was one of the 14 founding members of the Polish Football League . By the end of the season, he delivered a neck-and-neck race with Wisła Krakau for the top of the table. Three game days before the end of the season, the two teams met in front of 20,000 spectators in Katowice. The game aroused great emotions across the country, and Przegląd Sportowy (Sportrundschau), published in Warsaw, wrote of a “holy war” between a German and a Polish club.

In the second half, in the opinion of the hosts, the referee made a number of wrong decisions in favor of the Krakow guests, who were able to score two goals in this way. A goal against the Katowice striker Ernst Joschke was not recognized because of an alleged offside position. After a penalty for Wisła that was unjustified in the opinion of the hosts, the FC players, led by their captain, former national goalkeeper Emil Görlitz , left the pitch in protest. The Krakow team captain Henryk Reyman converted the penalty to the empty goal to 0: 3. Then hundreds of angry spectators stormed the field, the referee could only leave it under police protection.

The German-language Kattowitzer Zeitung gave its match report the headline "Schiefer, Schreiber, Schieben !!!". Almost the entire Polish press, however, unanimously blamed 1. FC for the incidents and called for the club to be excluded from the league. Only the Christian-democratic daily Polonia , which appeared in Katowice and was in opposition to the nationalist voivod Michał Grażyński , expressed understanding for the protests of the FC players: the referee "lost his head" in the second half.

1. FC protested against the valuation of the game at the PZPN. But the association declared the referee's performance to be flawless. Since the FC players had left the pitch before the final whistle, the game was classified as abandoned and thus rated as a 2-0 victory for Wisła.

No further sanctions were imposed, on the contrary: the national management of the PZPN in Krakow tried to reduce tensions by inviting two players from 1. FC Kattowitz to the national team, center forward Karl Kossok and defender Otto Heidenreich . While Kossok accepted the offer, Heidenreich declined with thanks, pointing out that as a German he could not play for Poland.

Emil Görlitz later reported that two years after the game, when asked why he had discriminated against 1. FC in a flagrant manner, the referee replied with the sentence: “I couldn't do anything else.” After the conflict over this game the Was consequently left out of Polish sporting history for the next decades, some of the experts now also hold the version that the game has been manipulated.

Sports relegation and conflicts with the authorities

In the following season 1927/28 the 1. FC Kattowitz reached the fifth place after he had been second after the first half of the season. Again the German-language press complained about systematic discrimination by the referees and the authorities under Grażyński.

In 1929 the club rose from the Polish League to the Regional League of the Silesian Voivodeship . In 1930 the city of Katowice canceled the lease for the 1. FC sports grounds. The associations of the German company owners then financed the purchase of a property on which a new stadium was built from their own resources. In 1933 the 1. FC had to polonize its name by order of the authorities , officially it was now called 1. KP ( Klub Piłkarski ). In the same year his greatest talent, the 17-year-old striker Ernst Willimowski , left the club to join the league club Ruch Wielkie Hajduki .

In 1934 the new stadium was opened. A few weeks later there was a point game against Śląsk Schwientochlowitz after the referee repeatedly disadvantaged the club in the opinion of his supporters. The Silesian District Association of the PZPN called for the compulsory dissolution of 1. FC. Its chairman Georg Joschke , the older brother of the striker Ernst Joschke, later reported that with support from Berlin it had been possible to avert this verdict. The two governments had only signed a non-aggression pact in January ; As a result of this political rapprochement, there were intensive contacts between the football associations of both countries. 1. FC was only excluded from the game until the end of the season.

From now on he was under constant observation by the Polish authorities, since the management of the association around Georg Joschke, who was part of the leadership of the German national Young German Party , worked intensively with the NS authorities in the German part of Upper Silesia. In June 1939 the Wojewode Grażyński had German clubs, including 1. FC, dissolved as a "refuge of German nationalist forces". The association's assets were confiscated.

In World War II

Just a few days after the invasion of Katowice in the first week of September 1939, the association was re-established, with Georg Joschke again becoming its chairman, who also took over the office of NSDAP district leader after the eastern part of Upper Silesia had been re-annexed to the German Reich. Joschke aimed to make 1. FC Kattowitz one of the top German clubs. For this reason, he brought together Upper Silesian top players in the club, including the former Polish national players Ewald Dytko , Wilhelm Gora , Erwin Nytz and Ernst Willimowski . Only two players remained from the last pre-war team.

From 1939, the club played in the Gauliga Silesia , which two years later went up in the Gauliga Oberschlesien .

Nazi propaganda praised the club for its "brave and tenacious stance in the national struggle against Polish oppression". However, 1. FC Katowitz was unable to achieve any major successes during the Second World War, not least because most of the top players soon left him. In the Silesian Gauliga he never got beyond fourth place at the end of the season. Despite the approaching Eastern Front , the Katowice Nazi leadership tried to maintain the appearance of normality, including the already severely restricted sports activities. On January 14, 1945 there were still points games, 1. FC Kattowitz lost 1: 2 against SC Preußen Hindenburg in the Gauliga . Despite the home defeat, he remained leader.

After the Wehrmacht withdrew from Upper Silesia, 1. FC was dissolved again by the new Polish authorities in March 1945. The name of the club on its stadium was not removed until 1946.

After the Second World War

Traditional community

Coat of arms of the traditional community

In 1965, the former club president Georg Joschke and several of the players founded the "traditional 1. FC Kattowitz community" in Salzgitter , the sponsor town of the expellees from Katowice. The regular meetings where u. a. Emil Görlitz, Otto Heidenreich and Ernst Joschke took part, organized initially by the CDU - member of the state parliament, Helmut Kostorz , who had become deputy NSDAP district leader in Katowice during World War II. The city of Salzgitter also financed a “home parlor of 1. FC Kattowitz”.

In 1980 the city of Salzgitter celebrated the 75th anniversary of the association. Documents on the club's history were handed over to the Salzgitter city archive, including the first club chronicle created for the 25th anniversary of the club in 1934. The club album with hundreds of photos and documents, believed to have been lost after the war, also got to Salzgitter. After the war it was hidden in Katowice, and after a visit Emil Görlitz was able to smuggle it from there to the GDR and later to Salzgitter. The traditional community existed until 1990.

Start-up

In 2007 members of the Movement for the Autonomy of Silesia ( Ruch Autonomii Śląska ) re-founded the association in Katowice with the aim of being a "bridge between Poles and Germans". In 2008 he was registered by the Voivodship Court as 1. FC Katowice .

The new founding triggered violent attacks from local politicians and part of the Katowice press, the initiators were accused of wanting to reactivate a Nazi club. In the 2007/2008 season the club played in the Silesian B class, the second lowest league in Poland. 1. FC Katowice played their first game after the reactivation on August 31 against HKS Szopienice and won 3-2. In 2008 the club became champions of the Silesian B class and played in the Silesian A class in 2008/09, but has stagnated since then.

Women's team

The women's team has been in existence since 2007. In 2009, they separated from the club organisationally and legally. It took the abbreviations of its sponsors in the club name and has been called 1FC AKS AWF since then. In 2011 she made it to the top division.

successes

Major players

literature

  • Rudolf Fonfara: Club history of the first football club (formerly Prussia) Kattowitz, undated, 17 p. [Unpublished manuscript, covers the years 1905–1934] Salzgitter city archive.
  • Hardy Greens : Encyclopedia of German League Football. Volume 7: Club Lexicon . AGON-Sportverlag, Kassel 2001, ISBN 3-89784-147-9 .
  • Thomas Urban : Black Eagles, White Eagles. German and Polish footballers at the heart of politics. Verlag Die Werkstatt, Göttingen 2011, ISBN 978-3-89533-775-8 , pp. 13-27.
  • Thomas Urban: 1. FC Kattowitz as a model for a radicalizing minority, in: From conflict to competition. German-Polish-Ukrainian football history. Edited by D. Blecking / L. Pfeiffer / R. Traba. Göttingen 2014, pp. 58–70. ISBN 978-3-7307-0083-9

Web links

Commons : 1. FC Katowice  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

References

  1. ↑ Kattowitzer Zeitung, February 6, 1925, p. 5. - Foundation festival of the 1. FC Kattowitz
  2. ↑ Oberschlesischer Kurier [Salzgitter], November 20, 1967, p. 6.
  3. ^ Kattowitzer Zeitung, July 17, 1922, p. 5.
  4. ^ Rudolf Fonfara: Club history of the first football club (formerly Prussia) Kattowitz. [Unpublished Manuscript, Stadtarchiv Salzgitter], p. 14.
  5. ↑ Cf. “German-Polish Agreement on Upper Silesia” (Upper Silesia Agreement, OSA) of May 15, 1922, in: Reichsgesetzblatt , 1922, Part II, p. 238 ff.
  6. ↑ 75 lat OZPN w Katowicach. Książka pamiętkowa. Wyd. Andrzej Gowarzewski / Joachim Wałoszek. Katowice 1996, p. 29.
  7. ↑ Przegląd Sportowy, October 1, 1927, p. 3.
  8. ↑ Thomas Urban: Black eagles, white eagles. German and Polish footballers at the heart of politics. Göttingen 2011, p. 15 f.
  9. ^ Kattowitzer Zeitung, September 27, 1927, p. 9.
  10. ↑ Polska Zachodnia, September 26, 1927, p. 2.
  11. ↑ Czas (Kraków), September 28, 1927, p. 3.
  12. ↑ Polonia, September 26, 1927, p. 5.
  13. ↑ Sport [Katowice], August 11, 2011, p. 4.
  14. ↑ a b 75 lat OZPN w Katowicach. Książka pamiętkowa. Wyd. Andrzej Gowarzewski / Joachim Wałoszek. Katowice 1996, p. 55.
  15. ↑ Kattowitzer Zeitung, May 21, 1928, p. 9.
  16. ^ A b Rudolf Fonfara: Club history of the First Football Club (formerly Prussia) Kattowitz, p. 16.
  17. ↑ Ernst Krall, Sport History, in: Kattowitz. Its past and present. Edited by H. Kostorz. Dülmen 1985, p. 256.
  18. ↑ 75 lat OZPN w Katowicach. Książka pamiętkowa. Wyd. Andrzej Gowarzewski / Joachim Wałoszek. Katowice 1996, p. 41.
  19. ^ Gazeta Wyborcza (Katowice), 3./4. January 1998, p. 22.
  20. ↑ Kattowitzer Zeitung, April 23, 1934, p. 7, Kuryer Sportowy, April 24, 1934, p. IV, Przegląd Sportowy, May 2, 1934, p. 4.
  21. ↑ Przegląd Sportowy, May 2, 1934, p. 4.
  22. ↑ Oberschlesischer Kurier, January 25, 1981, p. 6.
  23. ↑ Piłka jest okrągła. 50 lat piłkarstwa w województwie katowickim. Katowice 1971, p. 47.
  24. ^ Kattowitzer Zeitung, October 31, 1939, p. 9.
  25. ↑ Kattowitzer Zeitung, March 17, 1941, p. 5.
  26. ^ Kattowitzer Zeitung, March 11, 1940, p. 6.
  27. ↑ Der Kicker, January 23, 1940, p. 4.
  28. ↑ Kattowitzer Zeitung, January 20, 1939, p. 3.
  29. ↑ Kattowitzer Zeitung, January 14, 1940, p. 6.
  30. ↑ Der Kicker, October 29, 1940, p. 17; Katowice Newspaper, June 19, 1940, p. 4.
  31. ^ Oberschlesische Zeitung, January 16, 1945, p. 4.
  32. ↑ a b Oberschlesischer Kurier, November 20, 1965, p. 3.
  33. ↑ Oberschlesischer Kurier, September 25, 1980, p. 86 f.
  34. ↑ salzgitter.de, from December 13, 2013 ( Memento from March 15, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
  35. ↑ [1]
  36. ↑ [2]
  37. ↑ [3]
  38. ↑ Archive link ( Memento from July 11, 2012 in the Internet Archive )