Fagarè della Battaglia
| Fagarè della Battaglia | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Country | Italy | ||
| region | Veneto | ||
| province | Treviso (TV) | ||
| local community | San Biagio di Callalta | ||
| Coordinates | 45 ° 42 ' N , 12 ° 26' E | ||
| height | 11 m slm | ||
| Residents | 550 (2019) | ||
| patron | San Marco Evangelista | ||
| Telephone code | 0422 | CAP | 31042 |
Fagarè della Battaglia (roughly: Fagarè of the battle) is a fraction of the Italian municipality of San Biagio di Callalta in the province of Treviso . The district is known for the military memorial with ossuary ( Italian Sacrario Militare di Fagarè della Battaglia ), which commemorates the fallen of the First World War .
geography
Fagarè della Battaglia is located in the northern Italian plain on the lower reaches of the Piave, about 15 km southeast of Treviso . The place is located on the orographic right bank of the Piave at an altitude of 11 m slm
history
The toponym is derived from the Latin fagaretum (forest of beech wood ). So originally Fagarè was a wooded area. The logging work that began after the year 1000 is due to the Benedictine monks of the monastery of Santa Maria del Pero in Monastier di Treviso , on which today's parish church of San Marco depended. In 1267 the Castrum Fagaredi is mentioned, a medieval fortress. The hamlet first belonged to Zenson di Piave , then passed to San Biagio di Callalta with the Royal Decree of November 15, 1868 . The parish church was destroyed in the First World War and rebuilt according to a design by Antonio Beni. A coat of arms and the old inscription Monachorum aere on the facade reminds of the dependence on the monastery of Santa Maria del Pero.
In 1969 the place name was supplemented by a decree of the Italian President Giuseppe Saragat with the addition "della Battaglia" (Italian for battle ). The name extension is reminiscent of the events of the First World War: After the battle of Karfreit , the Austro-Hungarian and German troops managed to advance to the Piave. This meant that Fagarè was also in the front line, whereupon the population of the area mostly fled to the Po Valley .
During the First Battle of the Piave , some battalions of the 92nd kuk infantry regiment crossed the Piave near Fagarè on the morning of November 16, 1917 and formed a bridgehead on the right bank of the Piave. Only with the use of reserves, including many eighteen-year-olds of the newly drafted age group in 1899, did the Italian army regain the upper hand after 24 hours of fierce fighting and dissolve the Austro-Hungarian bridgehead. In Italian historiography, this fight is referred to as the first Italian victory on the Piave after the devastating defeat on Good Friday. On the northern outskirts of Fagarè on the border with the municipality of Breda di Piave , a memorial at Molina della Sega on the banks of the Piave commemorates this event.
Sacrario Militare di Fagarè della Battaglia
The Fagarè della Battaglia ossuary memorial ( Sacrario Militare di Fagarè della Battaglia, ) primarily commemorates the Second Battle of the Piave .
In June 1918, San Biagio was a central scene of the Second Battle of the Piave, which ended with a heavy defeat for Austria-Hungary and de facto ushered in the fall of the dual monarchy.
The first monument in Fagarè, an obelisk for the “Heroes of the Piave”, was created in 1919 by Alterige Giorgi from Carrara and erected on the Callalta road, where the Austro-Hungarian troops advanced furthest. Later four bas reliefs ( Allegoria della Vittoria ) (Italian for Allegory of Victory) by the artist Marcello Mascherini , inspired by the episodes of war, were added:
- May 24, 1915: “L'entrata dell'Italia in guerra” (Italy's entry into the war), date of the Italian entry into the war
- October 24, 1917: “La barbarie nemica sul suolo della Patria” (The barbarism of the enemy on the soil of the fatherland), as an allusion to the beginning of the Battle of Good Freit.
- June 15, 1918: “Di qui non si passa” (You can't go any further), with reference to the Second Battle of the Piave.
- November 3, 1918: "Trionfo delle armi italiane" (Triumph of the Italian arms), referring to the signing of the armistice in the Villa Giusti .
In 1933, at the request of the fascist regime , the construction of an ossuary began at the same location. The nine aisled exedra designed by the architect Pietro Dal Fabro was built by 1935 . The monumental building sponsored by the regime was intended to honor the cult of the dead and supposed values such as heroism, willingness to make sacrifices and warriorism, as is the case, for example, in the Sacrario Militare di Castel Dante or the Sacrario Militare di Redipuglia .
This veneration was celebrated with mass ceremonies designed to highlight the above values and the supposedly sacred nature of victory over the enemy. This was underlined by symbolic and iconographic means, by the staging of spaces as well as natural and historically shaped landscapes.
At the inauguration of the Sacrarium in 1935, the King of Italy was Victor Emmanuel III. and the Secretary of the National Fascist Party Achille Starace in attendance. In the side aisles of the monument are the remains of over ten thousand fallen Italian soldiers, 5191 of whom are known and 5350 are unknown; including the remains of the bearers of the Golden Medal for Bravery Francesco Mignone, Ernesto Paselli, Soccorso Saloni and Attilio Verdirosi. Furthermore, an unknown Austro-Hungarian and an American soldier have found their final resting place here.
After the occupation of Italy by German troops in September 1943, the obelisk erected in 1919 was destroyed by the Germans. However, the bas-reliefs had previously been hidden by the population and were rearranged on the outer facades after the Second World War.
On the forecourt of the monument, along the surrounding hedges, one can see the secured fragments of two pieces of wall that come from a house near the old train station and on the unknown inscriptions, famous in Italy, wrote during the Second Battle of the Piave:
- “Tutti eroi! O il Piave, o tutti accoppati! ”- Everyone is a hero! Either the Piave, or all killed!
- “È meglio un giorno da leone che cento anni da pecora.” - It is better to live a day as a lion than a hundred years as a sheep.
The marble memorial stone of the standard bearer in the middle of the garden commemorates the fallen of World War II. Inside the monument there is a small museum, also set up with numerous donations from veterans, and containing uniforms, weapons, ammunition and documents.
The memorial is maintained by the General Commissariat for War Graves Care (Italian Commissariato Generale per le Onoranze ai Caduti ), which reports to the Ministry of Defense .
Commemorations are currently held on April 25, the day Italy was liberated from World War II, and November 4, Victory Day in World War I.
Infrastructure and traffic
Street
The center is a little north of Via Postumia , today's Strada Statale 53 Postumia . Another important traffic artery is the Strada Provinciale (SP) 57 Destra Piave, which connects Giavera del Montello with Zenson di Piave and then continues in the province of Venice as SP 50 Argine San Marco.
Railways
To the south of the village is the Treviso - Portogruaro railway and near the village of Bocca Callalta is the current Fagarè station, rebuilt in Via Montello after the previous stop on Via Argine Piave was destroyed during the First World War.
Web links
- Sacrario Militare di Fagarè on difesa.it (Italian)
- Sacrario militare di Fagarè di Battaglia on itinerarigrandeguerra.it (Italian)
literature
- Alfonso Beninatto, Andrea Merlo: La prima vittoria sul Piave dopo Caporetto. Molina della Sega, November 16-17, 1917 . Comune di Breda di Piave, Silea 2015.
- Andrea Castagnotto: Dalla Callalta a Fagarè ... Storie della grande guerra . Associazione Nazionale Bersaglieri, San Biagio di Callalta 1993.
- Antonio Melis: Il Piave sulle tracce della Grande Guerra . Editoriale Programma, Treviso 2014, ISBN 978-88-6643-278-4 .
Single references
- ↑ a b c Storia del Comune. In: comune.sanbiagio.tv.it. Retrieved April 22, 2020 (Italian).
- ↑ Decreto del Presidente della Repubblica 10 giugno, n. 368. In: gazzettaufficiale.it. Retrieved May 9, 2020 (Italian).
- ↑ a b Battaglia del Solstizio. In: comune.sanbiagio.tv.it. Retrieved April 22, 2020 (Italian).
- ↑ Alfonso Beninatto, Andrea Merlo: La prima Vittoria sul Piave dopo Caporetto. Molina della Sega, November 16-17, 1917 . Comune di Breda di Piave, Silea 2015, pp. 67-86
- ↑ a b c d e Sacrario Militare. In: comune.sanbiagio.tv.it. Retrieved May 6, 2020 (Italian).
- ^ Antonio Melis: Il Piave sulle tracce della Grande Guerra . Editoriale Programma, Treviso 2014, ISBN 978-88-6643-278-4 p. 68
- ^ Sacrario militare di Fagarè della Battaglia. In: itinerarigrandeguerra.it. Retrieved May 11, 2020 (Italian).