Flagpole water

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Flagpole water (left) around 1683 (with a city map from 1883)

The flagpole water in Vienna was an arm of the river of the still unregulated Danube in the area of ​​today's municipal districts Leopoldstadt and Brigittenau . The arm of the Danube, a former main arm that gradually silted up, existed from the first half of the 17th century until the Danube was regulated in the middle of the 19th century. It flowed past the north-eastern wall of the Augarten .

history

Originated in the Danube flood

Flagpole water around 1683 as the largest arm of the Danube

The name Fahnenstangenwasser goes back to the flagpoles erected there. In 1707, Emperor Joseph I , as sovereign of the Archduchy of Austria under the Enns , issued a firewood ordinance due to the lack of wood , which stipulated storage areas and their marking. The hoisted flags showed the ships and rafts with firewood the landing stages and at the same time the residents of the city that wood was available. The addition of water to the name was common when naming rapidly flowing watercourses. The need for flagpoles refers to the problem that the Viennese had with the Danube since the Middle Ages. Despite various countermeasures, the river and thus the most important transport route moved further from the city center with every flood. The economically most important time of the flagpole water as water-strong branch of the Danube were the decades around the second Siege of Vienna of 1683. The course followed at that time about the coming of today's Danube NordWestBahn , the Nordwestbahnhof and a strong curvature towards Praterstern and Kaisermühlen .

In the reconstruction of the course of the Danube near Vienna for 1527, the flagpole water did not yet exist. Around 1570 there was still a very mighty arm of the Danube, the Taborarm, which, coming from Spittelau , flowed along the later Wallensteinstrasse towards Kagran, i.e. almost at right angles to the flagpole water. In the first half of the 17th century, the flagpole water is likely to have formed during a flood from the wolf arm. The river landscape has undergone major changes over time.

In 1654, Count Johann Trautson was given a larger piece of property as personal belongings near the toll house on Tabor am Fahnenstangenwasser from the dominant landowner of Vienna's Donauauen, Klosterneuburg Monastery . On this, his son, the diplomat Count Paul Sixt II. Trautson zu Falkenstein (1635–1678), staged an extremely expensive festival for the emperor on September 6, 1671. The midday meal alone cost 8,000 guilders (an average family at that time had 6 guilders a month). The conquest of the Akkon fortress by Leopold V in the Third Crusade was staged with several small ships and backdrops built especially for this festival on the banks of the Fahnenstangenwasser . The occasion was the expulsion of the Viennese Jews in 1670 . The Leopold's Church, which was inaugurated on that day, was built on the site of the synagogue .

Waterway for heavy haulage

Around 1704 the flagpole water was the main arm of the Danube near Vienna. The Kaiserwasser flowing in a similar direction was significantly smaller. Around 1720, the flagpole water was about as thick as a tributary further east in the area of ​​today's Old Danube . The closest and smallest arm to the city was the Viennese arm, which has been known since then as the Danube Canal . The flagpole water flowed in an arc to the west similar to the Danube Canal to the city. Its westernmost point was the eastern Augarten wall around the later Nordwestbahnstraße . The Brigittakapelle was at that time on a small branch of the flagpole water. From 1715 there was a shipyard for building warships in the lower part of the Fahnenstangenwasser. Foreign designers used wood from the Vienna Woods to build ships for the fight against the Turks. Nothing is known about the fate of the three expensive and powerful ships with up to 60 cannons. In 1737 four large ships were built again, which ran aground on sandbanks in the lower Prater when they left Vienna.

Around 1764 as a smaller arm of the Danube

Before 1726, the sine curve of the arm shifted slightly to the south and eroded areas of Leopoldstadt (then Unterer Werd). The last remains of the Taborarm, a 10–15 m wide oxbow lake, and other new areas were integrated into the Augarten. Protective measures against canal migration and erosion of the Augarten became necessary. The northernmost avenue of the Augarten parallel to Wasnergasse still bears the name "Am Damm" today.

In the period up to 1760, the Danube began to gradually retreat from the bend in the Augarten; the northern, straight main arm gained in flow capacity. The process was slower than 150–200 years earlier in the Tabor arm.

On the maps of the Josephinische Landesaufnahme around 1764, the flagpole water ran along the northeast side of the Augarten. Due to climatic changes and large-scale land use changes, a total of 36 floods occurred between 1768 and 1789, seven of them severe.

Due to the risk of flooding and because Emperor Joseph II wanted to make the Prater more accessible, the Fugbach, a narrow branch that connected the flagpole water with the Danube Canal, was filled in in 1780. At that time, new islands and gravel banks appeared in the flagpole water. The river reconstruction for the 1770s shows that the flagpole water had lost in size and was no longer a main arm.

In the years after the worst flood, the so-called Allerheiligengieß of 1787, all populated areas bordering the flagpole water were protected by dikes. In the decades that followed, efforts to further silt up the flagpole water along the populated areas continued.

Leisure area, later backfill

On Roscher's map from 1806, the left side of the later Nordwestbahnstraße corresponds roughly to the bank of the Fahnenstangenwasser. The Augarten was still right on the banks of the Danube. At the Tabor, for example by the Johannes Nepomuk Chapel, there was a “Kaltes Donau Baad”, and at the level of Adolf-Gstöttner-Gasse there was another river bath. At this time at the latest, the use as a leisure area began. About the same height as Waldmüllergasse there was a ship mill in a small side arm. In 1817 the flagpole water was only a small tributary with no inflow.

A map from 1821 shows the increasing siltation of flagpole water. It was just a stagnant body of water and no longer had a tributary upstream of the Danube. It began roughly at the height of the later Wasnergasse.

1821 in the silting phase

The highway to Bohemia began in Taborstrasse and had to change course over the centuries due to the floods. Immediately after the toll house on Tabor (still existing today, as well as the traffic area Am Tabor ), not far from the Johannes Nepomuk Chapel (now relocated) , there was the Small Tabor Bridge, over which the road to the island Im Durchlauf and from there on the Great Tabor Bridge led to Floridsdorf. The area around the flagpole water was outside the consumption tax line and was therefore tax-privileged. Soon after the Kleiner Taborbrücke there was the Universum amusement center and excursion restaurants. The area was also known for illegal dog fights between rich industrial sons from the Seidengrund .

1852 Flagpole Water and Universe

In 1811, the government of the Crown Land of Austria under the Enns, today's Lower Austria , set up a public bathing area at Fahnenstangenwasser “in a remote and yet not too far from the city” above “the inns”. This could mean the area not far from the Kleiner Taborbrücke. The area was marked with stakes, secured with ropes and guarded by a police officer. "Only at this designated point is the male sex allowed to bathe."

From 1813 until the filling in in 1874 there was the old kk military and civil swimming school at the lower flagpole water . The reason for the establishment of the military swimming schools was the fact that during the battle of Aspern in 1809 an unusually large number of soldiers died in the fighting in the Danube floodplains of the Lobau because they were not swimmers. The swimming school was located outside of the former urban area in the Prater, northeast of today's Praterstern in the middle Lassallestrasse , which until 1876 was called "Stadtgut" or "Schwimmschulallee". The swimming school was located between two dam spurs made of wooden pontoons that were dismantled in winter. When it was not used by the military, male civilians could learn to swim. On Sundays women were allowed to watch the swimming men for a fee. The "final exam" was crossing the flagpole water. In the vicinity of the military swimming pool, "Herbaczek's bath and ladies' swimming school in flagpole water" was established before 1846.

The river arm was partially filled in in 1838 for the construction of the north station . After 1849, the remains of the flagpole water were gradually removed in favor of the expansion of the north station and in favor of the construction of the north-west station, which began in 1870 . After Florian Pasetti there were only a few ponds left in Rauscherstraße in 1864. A detailed work in English, which illuminates Vienna's interaction with the Danube over a period of around 200 years, shows the expansion and displacement of flagpole water from 1700 to 1900 with site plans.

In 1850 the area was included in the city of Vienna, namely in the new 2nd district . With the Danube regulation from 1870 to 1875, which was also carried out to avoid floods and ice rushes, enough material was available to fill in remaining oxbow lakes such as the Kaiserwasser, a branch that came from the winding flagpole water. A remnant of the Kaiserwasser has been preserved under this name as a branch of the Old Danube in today's 22nd district near Wagramer Strasse.

literature

Web links

Commons : Flagpole Water  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 48 ° 13 ′ 36.5 ″  N , 16 ° 22 ′ 57.6 ″  E

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ District Museum Brigittenau : Exhibition - Our Danube. Economic area Danube - flagpole water. As of March 11, 2018
  2. ^ FG Schmidtler:  The Taming of the Unruly Danube. Timber cargo at the flagpole water. Porzellangasse as a bed of electricity. In:  Das kleine Volksblatt , April 9, 1943, p. 4 (online at ANNO ).Template: ANNO / Maintenance / dkv
  3. ↑ Faded Danube German. In:  Neues Wiener Tagblatt. Democratic organ / Neues Wiener Abendblatt. Evening edition of the (") Neue Wiener Tagblatt (") / Neues Wiener Tagblatt. Evening edition of the Neue Wiener Tagblatt / Wiener Mittagsausgabe with Sportblatt / 6 o'clock evening paper / Neues Wiener Tagblatt. Neue Freie Presse - Neues Wiener Journal / Neues Wiener Tagblatt , July 16, 1922, SS 19-20 (online at ANNO ).Template: ANNO / Maintenance / nwg
  4. ↑ a b c d e Severin Hohensinner, Bernhard Lager, Christoph Sonnlechner, Gertrud Haidvogl, Sylvia Gierlinger, Martin Schmid, Fridolin Krausmann, Verena Winiwarter: Changes in water and land: the reconstructed Viennese riverscape from 1500 to the present. Springer Water History , Volume 5, July 3, 2013, pp. 145–172 , accessed on January 12, 2018 .
  5. ↑ Wikimedia Commons contributors: GIS reconstruction of the Danube near Vienna around 1570 based on historical sources. Created as part of the FWF project ENVIEDAN. Severin Hohensinner & Bernhard Lager, 2012. Wikimedia Commons, December 18, 2017, accessed on January 7, 2018 .
  6. ^ Severin Hohensinner: Danube River in Vienna 1529-2010 (Wiener Donau 1529-2010). YouTube , 2012, accessed January 12, 2018 .
  7. ↑ Leopold Matthias Weschel: The Leopold Town near Vienna: After sources and source writers, in conjunction with a sketch of the country's history, represented historically . Strauss, 1824 ( limited preview in Google book search).
  8. ↑ Christine Klusacek, Kurt tuner: Leopoldstadt. Verlag Kurt Mohl, Vienna 1978, ISBN 3-900272-29-8 , p. 68.
  9. ↑ Gertrud Haidvogl, Marianna Guthyne-Horvath, Sylvia Gierlinger, Severin Hohensinner, Christoph Sonnlechner: Urban land for a growing city at the banks of a moving river: Vienna's spread into the Danube island Unterer Werd from the late 17th to the beginning of the 20th century. US National Library of Medicine, July 3, 2013, accessed January 13, 2018 ( Figure 2, 1704 ).
  10. ↑ City map, Johann Baptist Homann (around 1720) in the Vienna History Wiki of the City of Vienna
  11. ↑ Matthäus Seuter: City map and view of Vienna with suburbs around 1730. Great Atlas, Augsburg, 1730/1745. Austrian National Library, map collection, Vienna.
  12. ^ The terrible Danube Armada. In:  Neues Wiener Journal , July 6, 1905, p. 5 (online at ANNO ).Template: ANNO / Maintenance / nwj
  13. ↑ Floor plan of the quays. also quays. Royal Head office and residence of the city of Vienna and its suburbs. Composed by I. v. Roscher, engraved by F. Reisser, published by T Mollo in Vienna. 1809.
  14. ↑ Gertrud Haidvogl, Marianna Guthyne-Horvath, Sylvia Gierlinger, Severin Hohensinner, Christoph Sonnlechner: Urban land for a growing city at the banks of a moving river: Vienna's spread into the Danube island Unterer Werd from the late 17th to the beginning of the 20th century. US National Library of Medicine, July 3, 2013, accessed January 13, 2018 ( Figure 4, 1817/1729 ).
  15. ^ Prehistory of the Danube regulation. City of Vienna , January 7, 2018, accessed on January 7, 2018 .
  16. ^ Siegfried Weyr: Vienna. A city tells. , Vienna 1984, p. 358
  17. ^ Ordinance of the Lower Austrian Government. Announced on June 1, 1811. Free bath in Brigittenau, in the flagpole water. In: Collection of all political and judicial laws which were enacted under the government of Sr. Majesty, Emperor Francis I in all of the kk hereditary lands: in chronological order. Laws from January 1st to June last, 1811. 4 . Geistinger, 1814 ( google.de [accessed on January 13, 2018]).
  18. ^ Rittig von Flammenstern: The Imperial and Royal Military Swimming Institution in the Prater , part 2/2, p. 373 f.
  19. ↑ KE Rainold: Memories of Strange Objects and Incidents , Volume 5, Vienna and Prague 1825 , fold-out supplement to p. 192: Plan vom Prater , Austrian National Library, call number 104.743 C.
  20. ↑ Friedrich Koch: “The” well-educated tourist guide in the kaiserl. royal Capital and residence city of Vienna and its immediate surroundings: A complete and reliable information and reference book for foreigners and locals who want to see and get to know the peculiarities in the shortest possible time; Taking into account everything new, based on the best authentic sources and our own research. Google Books , Verlag Singer & Goering, 1856, accessed January 13, 2018 .
  21. ^ Vienna: From 1790 to the present . Böhlau Verlag Vienna, 2001, ISBN 978-3-205-99268-4 , p. 141 ( books.google.de ).
  22. ^ F. Baumann: On the older river construction in Austria. Series of publications by the Austrian Water Management Association. Springer-Verlag Vienna, 1951, p. 10 ( full text in Google Book Search).
  23. ↑ Gertrud Haidvogl, Marianna Guthyne-Horvath, Sylvia Gierlinger, Severin Hohensinner, Christoph Sonnlechner: Urban land for a growing city at the banks of a moving river: Vienna's spread into the Danube island Unterer Werd from the late 17th to the beginning of the 20th century. US National Library of Medicine, July 3, 2013, accessed January 13, 2018 ( Figure 5, 1849 ).